Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; genetics ; Smell ; genetics

Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; congenital ; genetics

This study was aimed to find the optimal conditions for seed propagation of Fritillaria cirrhosa in the plateau region in order to summarize the best sowing time and method of artificial propagation. Seeds were stored in appropriate environment. After the seeds matured, the seedbed of F. cirrhosa was treated with cattle dung humus and small shed. The results showed that early March is the best sowing time and cattle dung humus with a thickness about 1 cm is the best coving for propagation of F. cirrhosa; the growing period of film propagation (FP) is about 160 days each year compared with that of control about 50-60 days, respectively. It was concluded that the propagating seeds in plastic greenhouses by using cattle dung humus as planting substrates, using sunshade nets for shading and keeping humidity by spraying can effectively prolong the growing period, improve the retention rate of annual bulbs and the production of F. cirrhosa.

Objective To investigate formalin-induced nociceptive behavior and c-fos expression of interbrain following stellate ganglionic block (SGB) in rabbits. Methods Catheters were inserted closely to right stellate ganglia in rabbits by operation.One week later,twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, each group containing 8 animals. groups A,B and C received 0.5ml of normal saline,3% formalin and 3% formalin stimulation by intraplantar injection , respectively. 10 minutes before stimulation,0.5 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was administered via the catheter in group B, while in groups A and C 0.5 ml of normal saline was applied. Nociceptive behavior was observed for 1 hour using weighted pain score. 2 hours after stimulation, whole interbrain was removed to immunohistochemically detect the expression of c-fos. Results Formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in phase 2 was relieved following SGB, c-fos expression level of hypothalamus in group B was significantly lower than that in group C(P0.05). Conclusion SGB could relieve formalin-induced nociceptive behavior, and downregulate formalin-induced c-fos expression of hypothalamus, which may be related to the mechanisms of SGB for the treatment of inflammatory pain.

Objective:To summarize the clinical experience of surgical treatment abdominal gastrointestinal foreign body in children, thus to provide a theoretical basis for clinical decision-making.Methods:The clinical data, including age distribution, clinical manifestations, surgical treatment strategy and prognosis, from 60 children with abdominal gastrointestinal foreign body treated by operation in Children's hospital of Hu′nan Province from January 2015 to June 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 60 children, 38 males and 22 females, with a median age of 2.9 years. Observation data included the type and location of foreign bodies in the digestive tract, clinical manifestations and surgical methods, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay. The following-up time was 6 months to 2 years by telephone or clinic. The short/long-term complications was observed.Results:Children under 3 years old accounted for 56.7%. Types of foreign bodies included magnetic foreign bodies, sharp objects[paper clips, nails, screws, fish bone and others, etc], crystal ball, jujube pit, gastric hair stone, batteries and badminton holder. The foreign bodies were mainly located in stomach and small intestine. Abdominal pain and vomiting were the most common symptoms. The patients of foreign body with long residence time had peritonitis such as fever and abdominal pain, among 21 cases were combined with gastrointestinal perforation. There were varieties kind of operaion methods, including gastrointestinal incision and foreign bodies removal( n=22), appendectomy and foreign bodies removal( n=7), repair of gastrointestinal perforation( n=6), intestinal resection and anastomosis( n=17), intestinal resection plus enterostomy( n=5)but whose fistula was closed after 3 months, lateral wall of rectum repair( n=3). Fifty-two patients underwent common open abdomen operation, 8 patients underwent laparoscopic operation. The operating time was(93.5±19.3) min. Intraoperative blood loss was(20.2±4.3) mL. The postoperative hospitalization was 13(5, 19) d. The postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients who were nonoperative treatment recovery. Conclusions:Magnetic foreign body, sharp foreign body, crystal ball, jujube nucleus and corrosive foreign body are the main causes of digestive tract obstruction and perforation in children. Individualized operation plan should be selected as soon as possible according to the number of foreign bodies, retention position and whether or not digestive tract perforation.

Low-level laser effects a special biology stimulation that has been widely used in clinic. In this article, the biological effect of low-level laser irradiation was summarized, and the application in different systems, such as immunity, circulation, metabolism and nerves were reviewed.

ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between result of hemorheology and non-pathological factors such as sex, age and life habit.Methods3483 healthy adults who had health examination were divided into different groups according to sex and age, and results of hemorheological test of them were analyzed and compared with reference values.ResultsAll hemorheological indexes of men were higher than that of women. The whole blood viscosity of female had an increasing trend along with the age increasing. However, the result of hemorheology of male showed that the index of the age of 30～49 was higher than the age of more than 50, and had a decreasing trend along with the age increasing after the age of 50. The index of high shear viscosity, low shear viscosity and hematocrit of both male and female were all higher than the reference values offered by apparatus.ConclusionEffect of non-pathological factors such as age, sex and life habit on index of hemorheology should be considered.

Objective To investigate the effect of stellate ganglion block ~SGB) on formalin-induced nociceptive behavior of rabbits, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor ~BDNF) of dorsal root ganglia ~DRG) and the concentration of serum interleukin-8 ~IL-8) in rabbits. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were used in this study. Catheters were inserted closely to right stellate ganglia of the animals, which were randomly divided into control group ~A), SGB group ~B) and pain model group ~C). Group B and C were administered with an injection of 0.5ml of 3% formalin into the right front paw subcutaneously, group A 0.5ml saline by the same way. 0.5ml of (0.25)% bupivacaine was administered via the catheter in group B at 10 minutes before injection, while group A and C were given 0.5ml of saline at the same time. Nociceptive behavior was observed for 60 minutes after injection, and assessed by weighted pain score. Serum IL-8 was measured radioimmunologically at 10 minutes ~T_0) before injection, 10 ~T_1), 60 ~T_2) and 120 minutes ~T_3) after injection. The expression of BDNF in the right DRG of cervical 7, 8 and thoracic 1 was investigated immunohistochemically at 120 minutes after injection. Results Formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in phase Ⅱ was relieved following SGB. The concentration of serum IL-8 in groups B and C at T_2 and T_3 was significantly increased than that at T_0 and T_1~P

Objective: To investigate formalin-induced inflammatory nociceptive response and Fos expression of interbrain following stellate ganglion block (SGB) in rabbits. Methods: Catheters were inserted closely to right stellate ganglia in rabbits.One week later,twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into three groups of 8 each:sham group,SGB group and control group,receiving 0.5ml of normal saline,3% formalin and 3% formalin stimulation by intraplantar injection into the right front paw, respectively. ten mins before stimulation,0.5ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was administered via the catheter in SGB group,while 0.5ml of normal saline in sham group and control group. Nociceptive response was observed for 60min using weighted pain score. Local inflammatory response was measured by histopathology, the expression of Fos of interbrain was measured with immunohistochemistry 2 hours after stimulation. Results: Formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in phase 2 and local inflammatory response were relieved following SGB; the average numbers of Fos-positive neurons of hypothalamus in SGB group was lower than that in control group( P 0.05). Conclusion: SGB suppresses formalin-induced Fos expression of hypothalamus.

Animals ; Electrical Synapses ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Parietal Lobe ; cytology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar