The cell-free plasma DNA (cfpDNA) has been suggested as a useful tumor marker for its quantitative and qualitative tumor-specific alterations that reflect the biological characteristics and the progression and outcomes of tumors.Therefore,it has been used as liquid biopsy to detect cfpDNA in peripheral blood for the diagnosis,monitoring of clinical effects,and prognosis of malignancies

Objective To study the clinical features,differential diagnosis and treatment of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) with sonographic mass.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 39 patients of CSP with sonographic mass undergoing treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2005 to 2012.14 cases with misdiagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasm,among 4 cases were administered by chemotherapy with methotrexate (MTX),cisplatin,fluorouracil (5-FU) and dactinomycin.According to treatment methods,39 cases were divided into five groups: 3 cases in methotrexate,16 cases in dilation and curettage,15 cases in excision of CSP lesion via laparoscopy,6 cases in excision of CSP lesion via laparotomy,and 4 cases in transabdominal hysterectomy (TAH).Results (1)Clinical characteristics: the mean age was (33 ± 5) years old.Five patients had undergone two prior caesarean sections.The median interval from the last caesarean delivery to CSP was 4 years.Thirty-five cases presented vaginal bleeding or abnormal serum β-hCG level from 5 cases with medical abortion,9 cases with artificial abortion and 21 cases with dilation and curettage.The sonography showed cystic-solid or solid mass with mixed echoes in the lower segment of anterior uterine wall,surrounded by peritrophoblastic vasculature.(2) Treatment outcome: diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasm was suspected or made in 20 patients,four of whom were even treated by chemotherapy.MTX therapy was given to 3 patients,2 of whom were cured.Dilation and curettages were given to 16 patients,11 of whom were cured.8 patients underwent curettage with sonographic guidance after uterine artery embolism,and 8 patients with laparoscopic or hysteroscopic guidance.All of 15 patients underwent excision of CSP lesion via laparoscopy were cured.4 patients were treated by TAH.(3) Time of in hospital and operation:in laparoscopy group,the average hospitalization days were (3.5 ± 1.6) days,the average operation duration was (54 ± 16)minutes.In laparotomy group,the average hospitalization days were (9.7 ± 5.8) days,and the average surgical duration was (87 ± 15) minutes.It reached significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CSP with sonographic mass was the consequence of continued growth of residual pregnancy mass after incomplete abortion or curettage of CSP with gestation sac.The similar sonographic image might lead to misdiagnosis.Individual therapy was recommended.Excision of CSP lesion via laparoscopy might be the primary option for its advantages in differential diagnosis,caesarean scar defect repair and successful ratio.

The establishment of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine system that not only accords with Chinese medicine function characteristics but also is recognized as international medical circles, is an arduous task in urgent need of solving the current modernization of traditional Chinese medicine in the process of internationalization. It is difficult to evaluate atraditional Chinese medicine by detection of single active components in traditional Chinesemedicinewiththe western medicine quality controlmethod due to the overall effects of traditional Chinese drugs, the components of the overall diversity, targets, and the complexity of the interaction between components of unpredictable make the Long-term since, domestic and foreign scholars continue to explore and put forward a series of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine. This article summarized the related academic ideas and developments to, providea new thought and perspective for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.
Drug Evaluation ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control

Probability of causation (PC) was used to facilitate the adjudication of compensation claims for cancers diagnosed following exposure to ionizing radiation. In this article, the excess cancer risk assessment models used for PC calculation are reviewed. Cancer risk transfer models between different populations, dependence of cancer risk on dose and dose rate, modification by epidemiological risk factors and application of PC are also discussed in brief.

Objective To study the effect of hydrogen peroxide on microstructure of mice kidney and discuss the toxic effect on mice kidney.Methods Thirty healthy male mice of Kunming Genus were divided into 3 groups at random:control group and two experimental groups. Running water was fed to control group for 10 days while 0.3,3 g/L hydrogen peroxide running water readily prepared was fed to the experimental groups for 10 days. On the 10th day,the kidneys were taken out,and fixed in the fixation solutions,conventionally produced and stained.Finally,they were studied under the optical microscope.Results Experimental groups:in the kidney tissue cytoplasm of proximal convoluted tubule showed hydropic degeneration and vacuolation which depend on dose of hydrogen peroxide.Conclusion Toxic effect on mice kidney can be caused by hydrogen peroxide.

Objective To explore the mechanism of notch signaling pathway in the treatment of cervical cancer with notch receptor blocker(DAPT).Methods After treatment of Me180 cells with different concentrations of DAPT combined with curcumin-photodynamic therapy (PDT),3-(4,5 Dimethylthiazlo-yl)-2,5 Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 dipheny tetrazo lium bromide(MTT)assay was used to detect the effect on the proliferation of Me180 cells,annexin V-FITC/PI combined with flow cytometry was used to detect the effect on apoptosis,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Notch1 gene respectively.Results Both DAPT(1.0 μmol/L)and curcumin-PDT groups could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of cervical cancer cell line Me180,and the synergistic effect of the two groups was significant (P＜0.05 or＜0.01).DAPT and curcumin-PDT group reduced the mRNA expression level of Notch1 in cervical cancer Me180 cells with inhibition ratio of 40.0％ and 32.3％ respectively.DAPT and curcumin-PDT group inhibited the protein expressions of Notch1,nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-kB),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),and the synergistic effect of the two groups was statistically significant.Conclusions Both DAPT and curcumin-PDT may effectively block the conduction of Notch signaling pathway,which is associated with down-regulation of the expression of Notch1 and NF-kappa B.Notch signaling pathway may be one of the targets of curcumin photodynamic therapy.

Objective To evaluate the value of DNA quantitative analysis in diagnosis of breast tumor.Methods The data of 128 cases diagnosed with breast disease from Feb.2005 to Jan.2006 in Department of Pathology in Wuhan Center Hospital were collected,among whom 72 cases had benign breast lesion,10 cases had boundary breast lesion and 46 cases had malignant breast disease.Automated DNA imaging cytometry was used to identify DNA indexes of the 128 cases.Results The positive rate was 1.39％ (1/72),30.00％ (3/10) and 78.26％ (36/46) respectively in benign breast lesion,boundary breast lesion and malignant breast disease.The difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).In invasive ductal breast cancer,the positive rate was 57.14％ (4/7),76.47％ (13/17) and 100％ (18/18) respectively for breast cancer of grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Conclusion Automated DNA imaging cytometry is of some value in analyzing the malignant grade of breast cancer and predicting the prognosis of breast diseases.

Objective To study the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of breast.Methods Three cases with breast SCC were studied by analyzing their clinical data,histomorphology and immunophenotype.The related literature was reviewed.Results The patients were all females.Their ages ranged from 37 to 50 years,with 43 years as the medium.The tumor diameter was 2-9 cm,with 4.3 cm as the medium.Metastasis of axillary lymph node was found in one case,accounting for 33％ of the total.Two cases had painless lumps in their left breasts.One case had a lump with local inflammation,pain and ulcer in her left breast.Histopathological examination showed the polygonal and spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm were found in cancer nest,as well as the prominent intercellular bridges and keratin pearls were found to be rich in three cases.Interstitial fibrosis with hyalinization and lymphocytic infiltrate around the tumor was also found.Immunohistochemistry showed ER,PR,HER-2,CK18 and SMA were negative while CK,CK14,CK5/6,p63,S-100 and vimentin were positive.Conclusions SCC is a rare subtype of breast carcinoma with distinct histopathological and morphological features.SCC is a typical basal-like breast carcinoma,and the majority of breast SCC appear a basal-like immunophenotype with poor prognosis.

Objective: To establish the quality standards for Zhichuang capsules. Methods: Rhubarb, Mahonia, Angelica and Borneol in the formula were identified by TLC, the content of emodin and chrysophanol from Rhubarb in Zhichuang capsules were deter-mined by HPLC. Results: The qualitative identification was easy to operate with good specificity. The linearity was good ( r =0. 999 9) within the range of 25.8-516.0ng and the average recovery was 97.31%(RSD=0.69%,n=6)for emodin, the linearity was good (r=1.000 0) within the range of 51.1-1 022.0ng and the average recovery was 97.63%(RSD=0.72%,n=6)for Chry-sophanol. Conclusion:The method is reliable and accurate, which can be applied as a quality control method of Zhichuang capsules.

Objective:To summarize the evidence for the link between rheumatoid arthritis and risk of vertebral fractures or vertebral deformities with a meta-analysis, so as to provide objective proof for early preventing and the development of vertebral deformity and fractures.Methods:Wanfang,CNKI,VIP,PUBMED,Springlink and Elsevier were retrieved for all publications relating to rheumatoid arthritis and vertebral fractures in women.According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,two investigators collected their data individually,then statistical analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software.Results: Eight case-control studies were enrolled, including 86 741 participants,2 258 of them with RA.The results of Meta-analysis showed that a higher incidence of vertebral fractures in RA,and Odds ratio was 3.70 with a 95%confidence interval(2.47-5.55,P<0.000 1).The publication bias analysis did not reveal any evidence of obvious asymmetry, and the sensitivity analysis showed that omission of any individual study made no significant difference for all comparison models,suggesting that our results were statistically robust.Conclusion:RA may be one of the risk factors for the vertebral fractures.