Surface electromyogram (sEMG) may have low signal to noise ratios. An adaptive wavelet thresholding technique was developed in this study to remove noise contamination from sEMG signals. Compared with convention- al wavelet thresholding methods, the adaptive approach can adjust thresholds based on different signal to noise ratios of the processed signal, thus effectively removing noise contamination and reducing distortion of the EMG signal. The advantage of the developed adaptive thresholding method was demonstrated using simulated and experimental sEMG recordings.
Algorithms ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis

Objective To investigated the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)in mouse to rat cardiac xenograft and the effects of leflunomide and cyclosporine.Methods NIH mice and Wistar rats served as donors and recipients respectively.Mouse to rat heterotopic heart transplantation was performed(in the neck).The experiments were divided into 4 groups:CsA group,leflunomide(Lef)group,CsA+Lef group,control group.It was the time of rejection that no pulsation could be detected in the transplanted heart.The expression of ICAM-1 protein in cardiac xenograft tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in each group.Results The survival time of cardiac xenograft in control group,CsA group,Lef group and CsA+Lef group was (2.17?0.41),(2.50?1.05),(4.17?1.33)and(6.50?2.56)days respectively.The expression of ICAM-1 protein(IOD)in cardiac xenograft tissue in control group,CsA group,Lef group and CsA+ Lef group was 155.40?5.33,150.73?5.13,104.65?6.15 and 29.24?2.76 respectively.Conclu- sion The expression of ICAM-1 protein was strong in mouse to rat cardiac xenograft.The combined use of Lef and CsA can significantly suppress the expression of ICAM-1 protein in the cardiac xenograft.

Hirudin is one of the most potent anti-coagulant protein ever found, and its C-terminus is a key domain for inhibiting thrombin.In order to enhance its specificity,a novel anti-coagulant protein was constructed via fusing the C-terminus of hirudin to Annexin V, which was expected to sustain both anti coagulant activity and phorspholipid affinity. The structure of the designed protein was predicted with both molecular mechanics and dynamics. Molecular dynamics was adopted to simulate the docking interaction between the fusion protein and thrombin. The results showed the inhibitory activity of the fusion protein to thrombin.

Objective: To better understand homing potentiality of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in human umbilial cord blood (UCB) and the mechanism of dextran sulfate (DS) mobilization. Methods: Sub lethally irradiated or DS pretreated severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice were transplanted with UCB, which was cryopreserved at -80℃.Human cells in recipient mice were detected by flow cytometry and CFU GM assay from each host organ. Results: In contrast with the controls, engraftment after irradiation or administration of DS resulted in a higher percentage of CD45 +,CD34 +,CD19 + cells produced in SCID mice. While comparison between the experimental groups, higher implantation level was obtained in the former if equivalent donor cells were used in both groups. Conclusion:DS is a safe and effective pretreatment, which can mobilize HSC, but also vocate niches for transplanted HSC homing. [

To enhance the scientific research participation of the medical postgraduates, and pro-mote core competitiveness of the medical colleges, based on analysis of the necessity of patent application in medical colleges postgraduate, we constructed the teaching teams including the medical professors, patent engineers, graduate teaching manager, and science and technology managers. The problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) as teaching methods were used in practice. The patent courses included the reference search and analysis, basic knowledge of patent law, and patent application training module were constructed; and the teaching effect were evaluated and optimized through the scores of the patent basic theory test, research output, and the training of the patent application. The patent course of the medi-cal postgraduates provides a reference for cultivating the compound talents have scientific research innova-tion and patent application capability.

OBJECTIVETo study the related risk factors for surgical site infection following Pilon fracture surgery. METH ODS: The data of 561 patients with Pilon fractures treated with open reduction plate osteosynthesis at our institution's trauma centre were collected from January 2006 to December 2012. All the patients were divided into two groups: infection group and non-infection group. In the infection group, there were 23 males and 10 females, ranging in age from 21 to 69 years old, with an average of (45.50±4.40) years old. In the non-infection group, there were 296 males and 232 females, ranging in age from 16 to 76 years old, with an average of (43.50±7.19) years old. The possible risk factors such as age, gender, smoking, diabetes, alcohol abuse, open fractures, compartment syndrome and operative time were studied. The multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk, factors.

RESULTSThe infection rate of surgical site after Pilon fracture surgery was 5.88%. There were significant statistical differences between infection group and non-infection group in operative time, open fractures and compartment syndrome. However, multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that only operative time was significantly associated with surgical site infection (P=0.005, OR=44.92).

CONCLUSIONOperation time is an independent predictor for post-operative surgical site infection of Pilon fracture treated with open reduction plate osteosynthesis. Though open fracture and compartment syndrome could increase the surgical site infection rate, they could not not be considered as independent predictors.

Adult ; Compartment Syndromes ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Risk Factors ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Objective To investigate the evaluation standard and proper time point of anti-tuberculosis trial for differential diagnosis between intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn's disease (CD). Methods Clinical data and endoscopic changes of 28 patients with confirmed ITB and 11 with confirmed CD,who underwent anti-tuberculosis trail, were retrospectively analyzed. Results No significant difference could be found in clinical characteristics of ITB and CD patients on baseline, such as active pulmonary tuberculosis, strong positive skin test and anal fistula/perianal abscess. Clinical symptoms were relieved in both groups right after anti-tuberculosis treatment. After 3 months of treatment, the no-improvement rate in ITB group was 0, whereas that of CD group was 27.3% (P =0. 004). The disappearance rate plus improvement rate of ulcer in ITB group was 90. 9% (20/22) plus 9. 1% (2/22) and 100% ( 28/28 ) plus 0 at 3 and 6 months of treatment, respectively. The disappearance rate plus improvement rate of nodular lesion was 58. 8% (10/17) plus 41.2% (7/17) and 76. 5% (13/17) plus 23.5% (4/17), respectively. There was no obvious improvement of active ulcer or nodular transformation in CD group at any time point ( P ＜ 0. 01 ).Conclusion With deficiency of special index for differential diagnosis of ITB and CD, some cases hard to differentiate still have to accept anti-tuberculosis treatment. Three months of anti-tuberculosis treatment is a proper time point to evaluate the efficacy. Disappearance of active ulcer and nodular transformation, together with cure or obvious improvement in clinic are taken as effective for treatment trail.

Objective To inspect the efficacy and mucosa healing condition of infliximab with azathioprine combination therapy in Crohn's disease (CD) and its correlation with prognosis.Methods A total of 20 active CD patients who received infliximab and azathioprine combination therapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were objects of this study.The clinical efficacy was evaluated at 10 weeks,30 weeks,54 weeks and 2 years respectively according to CD activity index.The efficacy was evaluated under endoscopy at 10 weeks,30 weeks,54 weeks and 2 years respectively according to mucosal response situation under endoscopy.The data were analyzed by analysis of variance or Fisher's exact test between two groups.The factor affecred mucosal healing was analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.Results The clinical remission rate of patients without steroid at week 10,30,54 and 2 year were 12/20,16/20,15/20 and 15/20 respectively.Mucosal healing rate at week 10,30 and 54 weeks were 8/20,12/20 and 10/20 respectively.Logistic regression analysis indicated that age was the only factor affected mucosal healing at 30 weeks (OR =0.774,95％ CI:0.630 to 0.950).There was significant differences in clinical remission between mucosa response patients and invalid under endoscopy at 30 weeks and 2 years without steroid (at 30 weeks:14/14 vs 2/6; at 2 years:14/14 vs 1/6; all P＜0.01).Infliximab were withdrawn in 4 of 16 patients who was in non-steroid clinical remission at 30 weeks,and the other 12 patients were continued with infliximab therapy.There was no significant difference in non-steroid clinical remission rate (4/4 vs 11/12) and mucosa healing rate (2/4 vs 7/12) between withdrawal and continue of infliximab therapy (all P＞0.05).Conclusions Infliximab with azathioprine combination therapy can effectively promote and maintain mucosa healing in CD.The mucosa response patients can maintain long time non-steroid clinical remission.

Objective To provide evidence for the clinical prevention and treatment of prostate cancer by the clinical study in elderly patients with prostate cancer and metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods 196 patients diagnosed as prostate cancer in our hospital from July 2007 to March 2013 were recruited.Clinical data,including age,height,body weight,waistline,triacylglycerol(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),fasting blood glucose (FPG),prostate specific antigen (PSA),prostate volume(PV),systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pathological Gleason score,were analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups of prostate cancer with and without MS.Results The prostate cancer with MS group showed no statistical differences from simple prostate cancer group in the levels of age,TG,systolic pressure(SBP),diastolic pressure(DBP) and Gleason score(all P＞0.05),but had statistical differences in the levels of BMI,waistline,FPG,HDL-C,PSAandPV(t=2.89,2.67,3.13,-3.16,-3.13,3.14,respectively,all P＜0.05).SerumPSA level was lower in patients with obesity and high level of TG than in patients without obesity and high level of TG(t=4.27 and 3.89,all P＜0.01),while serum PSA level was lower in men with high FPG and low HDL than in men with normal levels of FPG and HDL-C,but had no statistically significant differences(all P＞0.05).Serum PSA level was higher in patients with high diastolic pressure than with normal diastolic pressure level(t=0.138,P＜0.01).PSA was positively correlated with age and DBP(r=0.21 and 0.18,both P＜0.01) and negatively correlated with BMI,FPG,TG(r=-0.12,-0.18,-0.03,respectively,all P＜0.01),but had no significant correlations with waistline,HDLC,and SBP.Conclusions The correlation of the occurrence and development of prostate cancer with metabolic syndrome may exist,and the level of serum PSA is also correlated with MS.Serum PSA level is affected by age,DBP,BMI,FPG and TG.

BACKGROUND:Umbilical cord as childbirth waste has wide variety of sources and can be easily obtained, without any ethical and legal restrictions. Therefore, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells break al the restrictions originated from other sources of mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE:To review the application of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage diseases, neuroglioma, ischemic brain injury, lung disease, liver disease and models of myocardial infarction. METHODS:The PubMed and Wanfang databases were searched by the first author using the keywords of“human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, disease models, celltherapy”in English and Chinese, respectively. Seventy-three articles were searched and final y, 35 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have multilineage differentiation capacity similar to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have lower immunogenicity. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells show certain curative effects on cartilage disease, neuroglioma, ischemic brain injury, lung disease, liver disease and myocardial infarction, indicating that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can be used for celltransplantation to treat various diseases.