Objective To study the chemical constituents of Ophiorrhiza rosea.Methods The chemical constituents in O.rosea were extracted with 90% methanol,isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel,alumina gel,MCI gel,and macroporous resin adsorption.All the compounds were identified based on spectral analyses(MS,1H-NMR,and 13C-NMR).Results Eleven compounds were isolated from O.rosea.They were characterized as Harman(Ⅰ),2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylanthraquinone(Ⅱ),1hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone-3-O-?-D-glucoside(Ⅲ),1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone-3-O-?-D-primeveroside(Ⅳ),ursolic acid(Ⅴ),3?,19,24trihydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid(Ⅵ),19,23-dihydroxy-3-oxo-12-ursen28-oic acid(Ⅶ),3?,24-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid(Ⅷ),3,20-epoxy-3?,16-dihydroxy-15-oxo-7-pimaren-19,6-olide(Ⅸ),?-stigmasterol-3-O-?-D-glucoside(Ⅹ),and ?-sitosterol(Ⅺ).Conclusion This is the first report on the chemical constituents of O.rosea to find that it contains plentiful alkaloid Harman,multiform of triterpenes and anthraquinones.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of adaptin-2(AP-2) in mice cochlea and to discuss the probable role in the endocytosis of hair cells. METHOD: Laser scanning confocal microscopy and immune-fluroscence histochemistry were performed in this study. RESULT: In mature mice cochlea, the immunoreactivity for AP-2 was found in the inner hair cells cytoplasm. This protein mainly expressed in the hair cells basal part and nearby the ribbon synapse. CONCLUSION AP-2 protein mainly expressed in the hair cells synaptic activity zone , which suggested that AP-2 could play an important role in the synaptic vesicle endocytosis. This finding built the foundation for the further research involved in the physiological and pathological role of AP-2.
Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cochlea ; Hair Cells, Auditory ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner ; metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Synapses

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common childhood behavioral disorder,and it is characte-rized by the core symptoms of attention deficit,hyperactivity and impulsivity.In recent years,a variety of neuropsychological deficits related to ADHD have been confirmed,including intelligence,attention and inhibition,verbal and spatial working memory,set shift,planning and monitoring.Some important theories related to the metal mechanism of ADHD have been put forward,and the representatives include behavioral inhibition theory,cognitive-energetic model,dual pathway theory and state regulation theory.

Objective To evaluate the effect of surgical treatment for primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with bile duct thrombi(BDT).Methods Eleven cases were diagnosed as HCC with BDT by B ultrasound,CT,MRCP or ERCP.Hepatectomy and choledochotomy were performed,resecting the primary tumor and cleaning the BDT completely,followed with TACE.Results No patients died during operation.The survival time of 9 patients who received hepatectomy and BDT clearance ranged from 3 to 38(average 18.5) months,and that of the other two patients received TACE and BDT clearance survived 6 and 11 months respectively.Conclusion Accurate diagnosis and radical hepatectomy with complete BDT clearance are effective treatment for HCC with BDT.

Animals ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Physical Endurance ; physiology ; Quadriceps Muscle ; metabolism ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of fiberoptic ductoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of patients with galactophoritis or mammary duct ectasia. Methods From November 2005 to March 2008, fiberoptic ductoscopy were performed in 120 women with nipple discharge. The duct of 95 cases as non-malignant lesion were insufflated and perfusioned with entamycin and dexamethasone. Results Ninty-five of 120 cases were non-malignant disease,which contained one side 81 and two sides 14; the discharge was bloody,ivory, stramineous in 21, 17, 57 patinents, respectively; and the dignosis were 17 mammary duct ectasia, 53 galactophoritis, and 25 mammary duct ectasia with galactophoritis. Of the 95 cases, hich were intradutal insufflated and perfusioned with gentamycin and dexamethasone, the nipple discharge were decreased or disappeared in 81 cases, the effective rate was 85.3%. Conclusion Fiberoptic ductoscopy is a convenient,safe, accurate method in diagnosis and treatment of patients with galactophoritis or mammary duct ectasia.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Astragalus Plant ; Doxorubicin ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Myocardium ; pathology ; ultrastructure

As one of the major sources of infection, viruses could infect all organisms including bacteria, plants, animals, and humans. Infectious diseases caused by viruses pose a great threat and damage to human health and economic activities all over the world. Adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1) is a member of the Ark1/Prk1 family of serine/threonine kinases and a specific key kinase regulating the phosphorylation of AP-2 protein μ2 subunit T156. In the past, AAK1 has been regarded as a feasible biological target for the treatment of nerve pain. Recently, scientists have found that inhibiting AAK1 can regulate endocytosis and inhibit virus invasion into cells. Therefore, AAK1 could be the potential target of anti-virus therapy. This paper reviews the research progress of small molecule AAK1 inhibitors in the field of antiviral, analyzes the future research directions and challenges, and provides new ideas for the development of antiviral drugs targeting AAK1.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of Myosin VI and Disabled-2 (Dab2) in the cochlea of mice at different ages. METHOD: Forty KM mice were divided into four groups according to age, named as postnatal 2 week (P2w), P5w, P9w, P16month. The localization of protein in the basilar membrane of mice cochlea was detected by immunofluorescence staining and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The mRNA expression level of protein in cochlear at different ages was evaluated by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS18.0 software. RESULT: Myosin VI and Disabled-2 protein mainly expressed at the apical cytoplasm of hair cells. As for the inner hair cell, Dab2 labeling was abundant especially at the cuticular plate and nearby. Comparing four immunofluorescence staining images of Myosin VI, we found the fluorescence intensity of P2w and P16m were weaker than that of P5w and P9w. After setting P9w as the control group, qRT-PCR revealed that the mRNA expression of MyosinVI and Dab2 in P2w was less than that in the control group (P < 0.01), while no significant difference was found between P5w and the control group, nor between P16m and the control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Myosin VI and Dab2, two proteins which regulated the clathrin-mediated endocytosis, expressed at hair cells of mice cochlea. In the inner hair cell, this process of endocytosis may be more efficient at the cuticular plate and nearby. The expression level of protein may change in different ages, and this probably leads to a difference of CME, it also may cause a defect of inner hair cells function.
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; metabolism ; Aging ; Animals ; Cochlea ; metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Hair Cells, Auditory ; metabolism ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner ; metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; metabolism

Within three years ,86 cases of tumors in the pineal region were treated by X－ Knife radiosurgical technique,using the standard axial serial CT scan for stereotactic localization,the target were localized by the BRW coordinate system.Radionics RSA－ 3 X－ Knife treatment planning system were used to make plan,Philips SL－ 75－ 14 Linac was used to produce X－ ray.After treatment, follow－ up ranged 6～ 42 months (meanly 24 months),most of the patients showed improvements within 1｀ 6 months. The results of this report proved that the X－ Knife treatment for tumors in the pineal region might be an effective,economical and reliable method.