Objective To investigate the significance of preserving the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) during axillary node clearance for breast cancer and share, some technical experiences of this procedure. Methods ICBN was preserved integally or partially in 78 patients of breast cancer (ICBN preserved group) and resected integrally (ICBN resected group) in 18 patients. Sensory disorders and motorial recoveries as well as tumor recurrence were compared between the two groups one week and one year after operation. Results Morbidity of sensory disorders in ICBN preserved group was less than that in ICBN resected group. Motorial recoveries were better in ICBN preserved patients without decreasing the number of axillary nodes resected and without increasing the recurrence of tumor. Conclusion ICBN should be preserved as far as possible during axillary node clearance for breast cancer.

Objective To summarize our experience in treatment of distal radius fracture by T-shaped plate internal fixation combined with external fixation.Methods Nine cases of unstable fracture of distal radius were included.There were two cases of type B and seven cases of type C according to AO classification.They were all treated by T-shaped plate fixation combined with external fixation.Autogeneic bone grafting was applied in eight patients.All the nine cases were followed up to evaluate their wrist joint range of active motion and radiographic parameters including palmar tilt,dorsal tilt,radial inclination,radial length and ulnar variance.Results All the patients were followed up for 6 to 1 2 months postoperatively(mean eight months).Anatomical reduction was achieved in all the cases.Delayed union or non-union was not observed.According to the rating scale of Gartland and Werley,eight cases got excellent results and one case good results.By the time of last follow-up,no such complications as pin hole infection,loosening of internal fixation,loss of reduction,tendon rupture or irritation occurred.Conclusion T-shaped plate fixation combined with exter nal fixation is reliable and effective in treatment of unstable fracture of distal radius.

Reference materials containing mixed degradation products of amoxicillin and ampicillin were developed after optimization of preparation processes. The target impurities were obtained by controlled stress testing, and each major component was identified with HPLC-MS and compared with single traceable reference standard each. The developed reference materials were applied to system suitability test for verifying HPLC system performed in accordance with set forth in China Pharmacopeia and identification of major impurities in samples based on retention and spectra information, which have advantages over the methods put forth in foreign pharmacopoeias. The development and application of the reference materials offer an effective way for rapid identification of impurities in chromatograms, and provide references for analyzing source of impurities and evaluation of drug quality.
Amoxicillin ; chemistry ; Ampicillin ; chemistry ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Contamination ; Mass Spectrometry ; Reference Standards

Objective To summarize and analyze the primary data from China Heart Transplant Registry in 2013 in order to explore the current status of heart transplantation in Chink Method Seventeen transplant centers have conducted 231 cases of heart transplantation in the year 2013.We analyzed the preoperative risk factors which impacted the survival of heart transplant recipients by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.And long-term survival of the 398 heart recipients from Beijing Fu Wai Hospital,who were followed up from June 2004 to December 2013 (follow-up rate was 100 ％) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.The risk factors for long-term survival of heart transplant recipients were calculated by the COX survival analysis methods.Result The mean hospital stay of the 231 recipients was 24 days.There were 25 cases who died in hospital,and the total mortality was 10.8 ％ (25/231),while the average in-hospital mortality was 2.2 ％ in the three largest centers.By using the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis,we found that recipients positive PRA was the only preoperative risk factor which impacted the in-hospital mortality.(OR=12.435,95％ CI 1.369～ 112.938,P =0.025).The median follow-up time of the 398 heart transplant recipients from Beijing Fu Wai Hospital was 1383 days,and the 1-,3-,5-and 7-year survival rate was 94.7％,91.6％,88.0％ and 82.6％ respectively.The univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis revealed that preoperative primary diseases (coronary heart disease vs.cardiomyopathy,P ＜ 0.01),the history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P ＜ 0.01),the preoperative total bilirubin level (P＜0.05) and serum creatinine level (P＜ 0.01) were risk factors affecting long-term postoperative survival.Conclusion In China the number of heart transplants has increased in 2013.The survival rate of recipients is high in large heart transplant centers.The integrity of registration data needs to be further improved in some centers.

Center for faculty development (CFD) in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is one of the earliest agencies of the university targeted for professional development of the teachers.In recent years,CFD took learning community as one of the main way to promote teacher professional development and made in-depth researches.This paper discussed on organization and form of community as well as teachers' training and assessment.

Objecttive To investigate the possibility of repairing articular cartilage defects with the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)- seeded type Ⅰ collagen-glycosaminoglycan(CG) matrices after being cultured with the chondrogenic differentiation medium.Methods The adherent population of MSCs from bone marrow of 10 adult dogs were expanded in number to the 3rd passage. MSCs were seeded into the dehydrothennal treatment (DHT) cross-linked CG matrices; 2 × 106 cells per 9-mm diameter samples were taken.Chondrogenic differentiation was achieved by the induction media for 3 weeks. Cell contractility was evaluated by the measuement of the cell-mediated contraction of the CG matrices with time in culture. The in vitro formation of the cartilage was assessed by an assay employing immunohistochemical identification of type Ⅱ collagen and by immunohistochemistry to demonstrate smooth muscle actin (SMA).The cells seededing CGs were implanted into cartilage defects of canine knee joints. Twelve weeks after surgery, the dogs were sacrificed and results were observed. Results There was significant contraction of the MSCs-seeded DHT cross-linked CG scaffolds cultured in the cartilage induction medium. After 21 days, the MSC-seeded DHT cross-linked matrices were contracted to 64.4% ± 0.3%; histologically, the pores were fotmd to be compressed and the contraction coupled with the newly synthesized matrix, transforming the MSCsseeded CG matrix into a solid tissue in most areas. The type Ⅱ collagen staining was positive. The SMA staining was positive when these MSCs were seeded and the contracted CGs were implanted into the cartilage defects of the canine knee joints to repair the cartilage defects. The function of the knee joints recovered and the solid cartilaginous tissue filled the cartilage defects. Conclusion The results demonstrates that MSCs grown in the CG matrices can produce a solid cartilaginous tissue containing type Ⅱ collagen after being cultured with the chondrogenic differentiation medium and implanted into cartilage defects. We hypothesize that the following steps can be performed in the chondrogenic process: ①MSCs express SMA, resulting in matrix contraction, thus achieving a required cell density (allowing the cells to operate in a necessary society); ②Cells interact to form a type Ⅱ collagen-containing extracellular matrix (and cartilaginous tissue); ④Other factors, such as an applied mechanical stress, may be required to form a mature cartilage with the normal architecture.

The Ebola virus belongs to the Filovirus family, which causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever (mortality, 25%-90%). An outbreak of infection by the Ebola virus is sweeping across West Africa, leading to high mortality and worldwide panic. The Ebola virus has caused a serious threat to public health, so intensive scientific studies have been carried out. Several vaccines (e.g., rVSV-ZEBOV, ChAd3-ZEBOV) have been put into clinical trials and antiviral drugs (e.g., TKM-Ebola, ZMAPP) have been administered in the emergency setting to patients infected by the Ebola virus. Here, recent advances in vaccines and drugs against the Ebola virus are reviewed.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; Ebola Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Ebolavirus ; drug effects ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; virology ; Humans

Reference materials containing mixed degradation products of amoxicillin and ampicillin were developed after optimization of preparation processes. The target impurities were obtained by controlled stress testing, and each major component was identified with HPLC-MS and compared with single traceable reference standard each. The developed reference materials were applied to system suitability test for verifying HPLC system performed in accordance with set forth in China Pharmacopeia and identification of major impurities in samples based on retention and spectra information, which have advantages over the methods put forth in foreign pharmacopoeias. The development and application of the reference materials offer an effective way for rapid identification of impurities in chromatograms, and provide references for analyzing source of impurities and evaluation of drug quality.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and medicine treatment of patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC),the efficacy of rescue treatment in patients with glucocorticoid (GCS) resistant severe UC,and the clinical risk factors in patients with GCS-refractory severe UC.Methods From January 2001 to December 2012,clinical,laboratory,endoscopy,imaging data and medication of treatment of 106 patients with severe UC were retrospectively analyzed.Then the patients were followed up,and the clinical efficacy and under endoscopic presentation of Mayo score were evaluated.Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the high risk factor of GCS-refractory severe UC.Results Among 106 patients with severe UC,95 were chronic relapse type accounting for 89.6 ％.The percentage of patients with defecation times over six was 73.6％ (78/106),with severe purulent bloody stool was 51.0％ (54/106),and with moderately or severe abdominal pain was 83.0％ (88/106).The percentage of diffuse colon type was 83.0％ (88/106),endoscopic presentation of Mayo score over two was 87.7％ (93/106).Hemoglobin decreased in 65.1％ (69/106) patients,blood platelet increased in 48.1％ (51/106) patients,C-reaction protein elevated in 88.7％ (94/106) patients,and hypoalbuminemia decreased in 42.5％ (45/106) patients.Account to 89.6％ (95/106) of patients with severe UC received GCS treatment,and the percentage of induced remission was 64.2％ (61/95),effective rate was 16.8％ (16/95),and ineffective rate was 18.9％ (18/95).The percentage of GCS refractory was 35.8％(34/95).There were 23 patients with GCS resistance and 11 patients with GCS dependence.Ten patients with GCS resistant severe UC accepted medicine rescue therapy.Five cases were treated with cyclosporin A,of which two cases induced remission,one case was effective,and two cases were ineffective.Another five cases were treated with infliximab,of which three cases induced remission,and two cases were ineffective.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that severe anemia (OR=6.750,95％CI:2.656 to 17.152,P＜0.01),elevated blood platelets (OR=4.032,95％CI:1.226 to 13.261,P=0.015) and albumin level less than 25 g/L (OR =3.022,95 ％ CI:1.236 to 7.390,P =0.022) were risk factors of GCS-refractory severe UC.Conclusions GCS resistant or dependent occurred in part of patients with severe UC.Patients with G-CS resistant severe UC receive rescue treatment of cyclosporin A or infliximab.Severe anemia,elevated blood platelets,albumin less than 25 g/L may be clinical predicting factors in patients with GCS-refractory severe UC.

Objective:To explore the mechanisms of the inhalation of atomized 1.0% anti-IL-1βand TNF-αimmunoglobulin yolk ( IgY) on treating guinea pigs with allergic asthma induced by the inhalation of aerosolized ovalbumin ( OVA).Methods:Healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into the normal controls ( group C ) , the allergic asthma model group ( group M )-treated by the inhalation of atomized ovalbumin ( OVA ) , the inhalation of atomized 1.0% anti-IL-1βand TNF-αimmunoglobulin yolk ( IgY ) treatment group (group Z1)-treated asthma model guinea pigs by the inhalation of atomized 1.0% anti-IL-1βand TNF-αIgY,and positive control the inhalation of atomized budesonide treatment group (group Z2)-treated asthma model guinea pigs by the inhalation of atomized budesonide.The blood was gotten by cardiac puncture and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF ) was collected by bron-choalveolar lavage at 2 h,4 h,8 h and 24 h after the last time atomization.The inflammatory cells in the peripheral blood ( PB) were counted by methylene blue and eosin staining.Cytokine concentrations of IL-1β,IL-4,IL-6,IL-8,IL-13,IL-16,TNF-α,TGF-β1 and IgE in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:In PB,eosinophils was decreased from 2 h to 8 h in group Z1 compared to group M.In plasma,the levels of IL-1βat 4 h and 24 h,IL-16 at 2 h,4 h and 24 h,TGF-β1 from 4 h to 24 h and IgE at 24 h,as well as the levels of IL-1βand TNF-αfrom 2 h to 8 h,IL-4,IL-6,IL-8 and IL-13 from 4 h to 24 h,IL-16 at 8 h,and TGF-β1 and IgE from 4 h to 8 h,especially the level of IL-1βand TNF-αstarting at 2 h,in BALF were significantly reduced in group Z 1 compared to group M ( P<0.05 ).The levels of IL-1βand TNF-αwere positively cor-related with that of IL-4,IL-6,IL-8,IL-13,IL-16,TGF-β1 and IgE (P<0.05).Conclusion: The inhalation of aerosolized anti-IL-1βand TNF-αIgY effectively alleviates inflammatory responses in guinea pigs with allergic asthma induced by aerosolized OVA inhalation may be due to the significant decrease in the levels of various allergic inflammatory cytokines .