To better understand the drugs, frequency and other factors involved in the drug-induced renal failure, 227 cases of renal failure reported in the Chinese medical and pharmaceutical journals were statistically analyzed. Our results showed that the drugs that tend to cause renal failure are antibiotics, involving 80 cases, followed by antituberculosis agents(38 eases)and dehydration agents. Gentamycin (47 cases) and rifrimactane(36 cases) were among the drugs with highest incidence. There were 58 cases of death due to drug-related renal failure.

Objective To screen and determine the effective silencing targets of β2-microglobulin(B2m)gene at the cellular level in marmoset.Methods By homology comparison of the b2m gene in human and the B2m gene in marmoset, choose homology small hairpin RNA(shRNA)sequences targeting marmoset B2m gene were designed, We choose homology small hairpin RNA(shRNA)sequences targeting designed B2m gene to make homology analysis, and insert into lentivirus-based gene silencing constructs FUGW-TDT.The vectors were transfected into HEK293T cells induced by polyethylenimine(PEI).The suppression of B2m mRNA was detected by real-time PCR.Results Two gene-silencing sequences were screened that lied in 290~310 bp and 665~685 bp of the marmoset B2m mRNA, and have statistical significance in the silencing rate:(46.54±7.91)% (P < 0.05) and(83.22±4.37)%(P < 0.0001).Conclusions Two effective silencing target sequences are screened at cellular level, which can be further used in studies on gene silencing in marmoset.

Objective To explore the effects of one time loading of different doses of simvastatin before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)on post-PCI inflammation,oxidation stress and the endothelium function in (ACS) patients. Methods Totally 124 cases with ACS were randomly divided into two groups:high dose simvastatin group(40 mg,62 cases),low dose simvastatin group (20 mg,62 cases). Each group was given the same basic treatment. Blood samples were obtained from all the patients before and 12 h after PCI,and endothelin-1 (ET-1),nitric oxide (NO),interleukin-10(IL-10),high sensitive - C reactive protein(hs-CRP),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were detected. Results The baseline information,distribution of sex,age,and implanted frames had no significant differences between the two groups (P＞0.05).Before PCI,the levels of ET-1,NO,IL-10,hs-CRP,SOD and MDA had no significant differences (P＞0.05) between the two groups.After PCI,ET-1,IL-10 and hs-CRP levels in simvastatin 40 mg group were significant lower while NO level was higher than in simvastatin 20 mg group[(4.4 ± 1.1)ng/L vs.(4.8±1.2)ng/L,t=2.03,P=0.044; (15.0±6.3) ng/L vs.(18.7±9.0)ng/L,t=2.68,P=0.008;(26.9±10.0)ng/L vs.(31.5± 11.7)ng/L,t=2.52,P =0.022;(51.9± 10.9)μmol/L vs.(47.1±11.8)μmol/L,t=2.37,P=0.020].There were no significant differences in MDA and SOD levels between the two groups.For safety,all the patients had no abnormality in liver and kidney function after treatment. Conclusions Compared with 20 mg simvastatin loading before PCI,the 40mg simvastatin loading may decrease the inflammatory cytokines and improve the endothelium function more effectively.

Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of vascularized pisiform transfer for patients with Kienb(o)ck's disease in Lichtman stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Methods Eleven patients were reviewed to analyze results after lunate resection and vascularized pisiform transfer for Lichtman stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ. There were six men and five women. Age ranged from 20 to 67 years with a average of 41.0±14.3 years. According to Lichtman stage. There were 4 cases in stage Ⅲa, 5 cases in stage Ⅲb, and 2 cases in stage Ⅳ. Assessment criteria included subjective assessment of pain, visual analogue scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM), grip power,Cooney wrist score and radiographic changes on each follow-up visit. The radiographic changes including pis iform bone location, shape, sclerosis change, osteoarthritis, carpal height ratio, Nattrass index, Radioscaphoid angle and ulnar variance were recorded. Results The follow-up periods of all of cases were 61-202 months,with an average of 104.1 months. Pain had improved in 10 patients and disappeared in 7 cases. The VAS score was 2.2±1.9 at follow-up visit. Range of motion of injured wristw as only 65.3% of opposite side. Grip power was 84.3% of the contralateral hand. According to Cooney score, the results were excellent in 1 case, good in 7cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 1 case, with the excellent and good rate of 72.7%. Radiologically, 8 cases had normal position of the pisiform bone, 2 had volar displacement and 1 had ulnar displacement which leaded to widen scaphopisiform space. Six pisiform bones had normal trabecular structure, three had degenerative changes. Bone sclerosis was seen in 2 cases and osteoarthritis was found in 3 patients. Compared with radiographic parameter before surgery, carpal height ratio and Nattrass index significantly lowered and radioscaphoid angle significantly increased. Conclusion Lunate resection and vascularized pisiform transfer is an effective method for Kienb(o)k′s disease in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Although carpal collapse appeared postoperatively,the results show high patient satisfaction and good function after vascularized bone transplantation.

Aim To determine the possibilities and mechanisms of EGFR, a receptor protein tyrosine kinase associated with many important cellular processes re-sponsible for cardiovascular remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats. Methods 2K1C hypertensive rats were used in the present study. Blood pressure was measured with the tail-cuff method. LVMI and his-topathological changes in the cardiovascular system were analysed. EGFR expressions of aorta and myocar-dium as well as phosphorylation levels of ERK in hy-pertensive rats were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results Sys-tolic blood pressure was markedly increased 2 weeks after 2K1C surgery. Cardiovascular remodeling induced by hypertension was confirmed by elevated LVMI, pro-liferation of collagen fibers in myocardial interstitium, histopathological changes in cardiovascular system and increased IMT of thoracic aorta 6 weeks after 2 K1 C surgery. Compared with sham rats, EGFR expression in the ventricular myocardium of 2 K1 C rats was signifi-cantly increased at 6 weeks ( P<0. 05 ) , and the EG-FR/GAPDH ratio was higher in 2 K1 C rats with higher systolic blood pressure ( P < 0. 05 ) . Phosphorylation level of ERK 1/2 was upregulated correspondingly in 2 K1 C rats ( P <0. 01 ) . Increased EGFR expression was also found in aortas of 2K1C rats, particularly in tunica intima and media. Conclusion EGFR and its down-stream kinases ERK 1/2 are involved in cardio-vascular remodeling in association with the severity of hypertension in renovascular hypertensive rats.

Objective: To analyze the clinical pathologic characteristics of cases with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) positive of exfoliated urothelial cells, so as to evaluate the clinical utility of FISH in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC).Methods: A total of 271 cases of FISH positive in Department of Urology of Peking University First Hospital from Apr.2012 to Sep.2015 were recruited in this study.Retrospective analysis was made on their clinical data.For FISH analysis, labeled probes specific for chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and the p16 (9p21) gene were used to assess chromosomal abnormalities indicative of malignancy.The positive predict values (PPV) of all the techniques were analyzed.Results: Of the 271 patients, 207 cases were UC, 7 cases were non-UC, and 57 cases were benign diseases.The PPV of FISH in detecting UC was 76.4%, while the 95% confidence interval (CI) 71.3% to 81.5%.In the cohort of FISH positive, this value was similar to that of urinary cytology (PPV 86.8%, 95% CI: 78.5%-95.0%).The PPV of FISH was lower than that of cystoscopy and ureteroscopy (PPV 96.1%, 95% CI: 91.7%-100.0%).There were significant differences between this study and the PPV of FISH reported abroad (PPV 53.9%, χ2=33.048, P<0.001).Of all the UC with FISH positive, bladder cancer showed an earlier pathological stage versus renal pelvic carcinoma and ureteral carcinoma, with significance (χ2=5.894, P=0.015, and χ2=13.601, P<0.001, respectively).However, no difference was found in the size, pathological stage and pathological grade of tumors between the urinary cytology positive group and the urinary cytology negative group.The rate of high-grade UC in ureteral carcinoma of FISH positive was 92.3%, much higher than that of ureteral carcinoma reported domestically.Conclusion: The PPV of FISH in detecting UC is higher relatively, with a better clinic value for Chinese patients.The ureteral carcinoma with FISH positive obtains a higher pathological grade, which is of great guiding significance for UC.

italic>Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC. is a traditional Miao medicinal herb with significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of sore throat, tonsillitis, edema of nephritis and bruising and rheumatism, etc. Ardisia crispa var. amplifolia and Ardisia crispa var. dielsii are varieties of A. crispa. A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii are controversial in terms of species evolutionary relationships and taxonomic identification. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome sequences of A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii chloroplasts using Illumina platform, assembled, annotated and characterized them, compared the structural features and degree of variation among chloroplast genomes using bioinformatics methods, and also downloaded constructing phylogenetic trees to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of chloroplasts in Primulaceae and Myrsinaceae using whole genome sequence information. The results showed that the complete chloroplast genome sequences of A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii were 156 749 bp and 156 748 bp in length, with 132 genes annotated, including 87 protein-coding genes; the codon preference of A/U was greater than that of G/C; The differences in the coding regions of rps15 and rpoB genes in the comparative genome analysis can be used as loci for molecular identification of the two species; the differences in the coding regions of ycf1, ycf2, rpoC1, ycf3, petD and rpl16 genes in the chloroplast genome compared with those of the same genus can be used as loci for identification of the genus. In the phylogenetic results, A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii were clustered together with 100% support, indicating that they are closely related. In this research, we analyzed the chloroplast genome structure and phylogenetic relationships of A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii, providing an important theoretical basis for their molecular identification, genetic variation, breeding and phylogenetic analysis.

Objective To explore the clinical features of sleep disorder in patients with stroke and its related factors. Methods Two hundred and four patients with stroke, admitted to our hospital from January 2005 to June 2010, were chosen; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was employed to determine whether these patients had sleep disorder; the prevalences of sleep disorder in patients with different ages, genders and lesions of stroke were compared. Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90)questionnaire was used to compare the physical and mental conditions of patients with or without sleep disorder; Hamilton Depression Rating Scales (HAMD), Barthel index, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were employed to compare the differences of depression, viability and neurologic impairment in patients with or without sleep disorder. Results The prevalence of sleep disorder was 46.6% (95/204), and it was higher in female group (53.8% vs 38.8%; x2=3.851, P=0.033). Patients aged ≥70 years had the highest rate of sleep disorder (57.6%), followed by patients aged ＜50 years (41.5%),and then patients aged between 50 and 69 years showed the lowest rate (32.9%). The sites of stroke located in the subcortex, cortex, and cerebellum enjoyed their prevalences of 64.2%, 27.4% and 4.5%,respectively. The incidence of sleep disorder in patients with stroke located in the left hemisphere was obviously higher than that in the right hemisphere (x2=7.688, P=0.008). The results of 9 indexes of SCL-90, scores of HAMD and NIHSS in patients with sleep disorder were significantly higher than those in patients without sleep disorder, while the Barthel index was in the opposite position with obvious differences (P＜0.05). Conclusion High prevalence of sleep disorder in patients with stroke is noted,which is related to gender, age of the patients and the sites of stroke, and may lead to depression, anxiety,neurological functional deficit and decrease of life quality. And we should pay more attention to nursing care during all the treatment.

Traditional Chinese Medicine massage is a kind of physiotherapy which affects on specific parts of the body surface by means of training to regulate the function of the body to achieve the therapeutic effect. In this work,under positive detection model, the chemical fingerprint of exhaled breath from volunteers before and after receiving Traditional Chinese Medicine massage within m/z 50-1000 were detected by extractive electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (EESI-MS). And through high resolution mass spectrometry analysis, the metabolites such as epinephrine (m/z 184. 0889), 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (m/z 167.0615) and L-tryptophan (m/z 205. 0933) were successfully identified. Besides, chemical fingerprints of volunteers before and after receiving Traditional Chinese Medicine massage under different health condition were clearly differentiated via partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). The results showed that Traditional Chinese Medicine massage could significantly change the metabolic process of volunteers. Moreover, it further indicated that the established method could provide a real time fashion to follow metabolic changes caused by Traditional Chinese Medicine massage.