Background Perineural invasion is an important biological character for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of lacrimal gland,which is different from those of other lacrimal gland tumors.As the important part of neurotrophic factors,glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays an important role in perineural invasion for ACC of salivary gland.GDNF regulation in the ACC cell biology function needs to be further explored.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of GDNF on proliferation and migration of ACC cells,and to explore the mechanism of neural invasion in ACC of lacrimal gland.Methods ACC-2 cell line was cultured and passaged in RPMI 1640 medium with 10％ fetal bovine serum,100 U/ml penicillin and 0.1 g/L streptomycin.Single-cell suspension was prepared with the density of 2×104/ml using logarithmic phase of cells and then incubated to 96-well plate.GDNF with the final concentration of 20,60,80,100 and 120 μg/L was added into the medium respectively in the experimental groups,and the cells were cultured in the medium without GDNF as the control group.The expression of GDNF in ACC-2 cells was detected by immunohistochemistry.MTT assay was employed to assay the absorbance value at the wavelength of 570 nm (A570) for the evaluation of proliferation of ACC-2 cells after cultured by different concentrations of GDNF for different time points.Meanwhile,transwell chamber was used to examine the cell migrated number.Results Immunochemistry assay exhibited that ACC-2 cells showed the positive response for GDNF with the brown staining in the cytoplasm.In 48 hours after culture,the A570 value was elevated with the increase of GDNF concentration,showing a significant difference among various groups (F =3.336,P =0.026),and the A570 value in various concentrations of GDNF groups was higher than that of 0 μg/L GDNF group (all P＜0.05).After action of 80 μg/L GDNF,the A570 value of the cells was gradually increased with the prolong of culture time (Ftime =39.979,P=0.000).In 30 minutes after GDNF cultured,the number of migrated cells increased with the increase of GDNF concentration (F=144.886,P=0.000).ACC-2 cells were cultured by 100 μg/L GDNF for 24,30 and 40 hours,the number of migrated cells were more as the time lapse,and more migrated cells were seen in GDNF group at various time points (Ftime =46.747,P =0.000 ; Fgroup =63.786,P =0.000).Conclusions GDNF can stimulate the proliferation and migration of ACC-2 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.

AIM: To investigate the inhibition of the recombinant human endostatin adenavirus (Ad-Es) on the experimental choroidal neovascularization(CNV) models by intravitreous injection.METHODS: Experimental CNV models were induced by semiconductor laser in 30 male Brown Norway(BN) rats and randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 rats in each group.At 21d after photocoagulation, the single administration group were given intravitreous injection with Ad-Es 0.01mL;the repeated administration group were given intravitreous injection with Ad-Es 0.01mL and a repeated injection 7d later;the saline control group were given intravitreous injection with saline 0.01mL.At 7d after final administration, the leakage of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was observed.Various CNV areas were measured by using laser confocal microscopy of choroidal flatmount method.Pathology and ultrastructure were observed with light microscopy, the expressions of CD105 were measured by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: The leakage of CNV of the administration group abviously decreased as compared with those in the saline group, the leakage of repeated administration group decreased compared with that of single administration group (P<0.05).Laser confocal microscope quantitative CNV analysis showed that CNV area of the administration group was significantly smaller than that of control group, the area of repeated administration group was smaller than that of single administration group (P<0.05).Under the light microscope, the vascular endothelial cell number and quantity of the administration group were significantly lower than that of the control group, the cell number of repeated administration group was lower than that of single administration group.CD105 expression of the administration group was significantly weaker than that in the saline group;the expression of repeated administration group was weaker than that of single administration group.CONCLUSION: Ad-Es can effectively inhibit semiconductor laser induced CNV in BN rats, and the inhibition effect of repeated administration group is better than that of single administration group.It may be a useful new method in the treatment of CNV.

Objective： The current study was designed to evaluate the treatment results of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by conformal radiotherapy. Methods： From September 1997 to February 2000, a total of 41 cases of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated by conformal radiotherapy. Among them, 27 cases were treated by late-course hypofraction conformal radiotherapy with the dose of 20- 24 Gy at 80％ isodose, 4- 7 Gy per time, following routine radiotherapy of 39 Gy/30f/3weeks. Fourteen cases received total-course conformal radiotherapy with the dose of 59.8 Gy/46f/4.6weeks at 90％ isodose. Results： The reference isodose curves conform to the target in three dimensions in conformal radiotherapy. The acute radiation mucositis, cranial nerve paralysis and trismus incidence were similar in two groups, however, in the hypofractionation group 22％ developed necrosis of nasopharyngeal mucosa, 3.7％ developed reduced optic nerve lesion, whereas none of the hyperfractionation group had these complications. The tumor response rate were both 93％ for two groups. Conclusion： Hyperfraction conformal radiotherapy is effective in the treatment of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma and has relatively lower incidence of radiation complication.

Genuine medicinal materials with special characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is recognized as high quality medicine. Both ancient records and modern research considered that the origin is an important reason for the formation of genuine medicinal materials. However, blindly transplanting of genuine medicinal materials has led to the quality decline and counterfeit medicines appeared in production or sale progress, which may increase the risk of accidents in TCM. Frequent accidents emerged in Chinese herbal affects its export. What's more, it is a great threat to the medication safety in TCM clinical. There is an urgent need to implement traceability systems of TCM, which could provide convenient information record and traceability of TCM circulation. This paper reviews a variety of technical methods for genuine medicinal materials traceability, and proposed the establishment of genuine medicinal materials traceability system based on two-dimensional code and network database.
Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a newly-developed method in transcriptome research, it can afford more accurate transcription information and be more quickly by using Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. RNA-Seq has been widely used in various biological fields. Genuine traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), with good quality and therapeutic effect, were always praised highly and used by famous physicians. The geo-herbalism formation of TCM is based on the product of the gene expression at specific space and time. So it has been a research hotspot to analyze the mechanism of biosynthesis through RNA-Seq in the study on the secondary metabolism of medicinal plant. This article mainly illustrates the RNA-Seq and its advantages, it also discusses the potential application in genuine TCM, and it can provide useful information for other researchers.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Gene Expression Profiling ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; RNA ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Transcriptome

This paper introduces the operation principle, experimental research and clinical applications of an electromagnetic navigation system in interventional radiology and looks forward to the prospects for its clinical applications.
Electromagnetic Fields ; Radiology, Interventional ; instrumentation ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted

Objective To observe the changes of behavior,blood cortisol level,glucocorticoid receptors (Grs) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in hippocampus area after four weeks of unpredictable chronic mild stress,and to investigate the probable role of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathogenesis of depression in aged people.Methods Aged male Wister rats were randomly assigned to control group and model group.The model group received unpredictable mild stress,including food and water deprivation,restrain,tail clipping,forced swimming,white noise,cage titling and cage rotating for 4 weeks,while the control group was undisturbed unless routine feeding and cage changing.After 4 weeks of procedure,the behavior changes were assessed by sucrose intake test,open-field test and state evaluation,serum cortisol level was measured by chemiluminescent assay,the qualitation and quantitation of GRs and MRs in hippocampus area were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting respectively.All data were analyzed by using t-test.Results Body weight,the grooming score,activities in openfield test,food intake and sucrose intake were decreased in model group as compared with control group after 2 weeks of chronic mild stress (all P＜0.01),suggesting the stress induced depressive-like behavior effects on aged rats.Serum cortisol level was elevated in model group as compared with control group after 4 weeks of chronic mild stress (P＜0.01).A decrease of the neurons was found in CA3 of hippocampus,but not in DG area.In CA3 area,GR positive neurons were decreased,but no significant decrease was found in MR positive neurons.Conclusions The chronic mild stress leading to depressive-like behavior effects in aged rats induces overall HPA axis dysfunction,elevation of serum cortisol level,impairment of hippocampus neurons and decrease of GR positive neurons.The HPA axis dysfunction induced by chronic mild stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression.

Objective To investigate the effect of concurrent exercise intervention in metabolic endotoxemia induced by high-fat diet in rats,and further understand the damage of liver mitochondrial ultramicrostructure.Methods Eighteen SD rats with the weight of 100g were randomly divided into 3 groups:group A (standard diet group),group B(high-fat diet group) and group C (treadmill-trained group with high-fat diet).Training (1 hour/d) initiated at the same time as the HF diet was fed.After being raised for 6 weeks,the rats was euthanized and weighed up.Blood samples were taken and the levels of serum lipid were detected.The levels of serum endotoxin were detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay.The membrane potentials of isolated mitochondrion were detected by flow cytometry instrument and the morphologic changes in mitochondria in liver were observed by electronic microscopy.Results In group B,the levels of endotoxin increased significantly(2.916 ± 0.761 rs 5.454 ± 1.254,t =-4.236,P ＜ 0.05),and the liver mitochondrial density and membrane potential also increased significantly compared with group A after 6 weeks (4.330 ±0.501 vs 3.507 ±0.532,t =2.759,P ＜0.05;l.660 ±0.202 vs 0.473 ±0.064,t =13.712,P ＜0.05).But there was no markedly different in serum endotoxin between group B and group C (4.972 ± 1.757 vs 5.454 ± 1.254,t =-0.547,P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group B,the liver mitochondrial density of group C decreased significantly (4.330±0.501 vs 3.581 ±0.188,t =3.426,P ＜ 0.05).The mitochondrial ultrastructurctural changes in each group were not obvious.Conclusions The rats fed with high-fat diet for 6 weeks can reach the state of metabolic endotoxemia.The increasing levels of the liver mitochondrial membrane potential caused by metabolic endotoxin may affect the happening and development of other diseases in the future.Concurrent exercise can not decrease the level of endotoxin.It also shows that metabolic disease caused by high-fat diet should be prevented by moderation in eating and drinking.

Objective To investigate the significance of salivary cortisol , dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio changes for evaluation of military performance stress .Methods Forty submarine soldiers were selected, whose saliva samples were collected separately at the end of long-term dive training and after nine months of relaxation break.In addition, the saliva samples of thirty-four graduate students were collected the moment they finished a three-hour final examination and one week later .The method of ELISA was used to detect the levels of salivary cortisol and DHEA-S and to count their ratio .Results After long-term dive training , the submarine soldiers showed significantly decreased DHEA-S and an increased cortisol/DHEA-S ratio, but the cortisol level did not change very much .In contrast, the final examination stress did not change the level of cortisol , DHEA-S or the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio among these students.Conclusion This is the first study to show that long-term, chronic military performance stress is associated with the salivary DHEA-S and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio changes .The increase in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio may be used as an important and useful biomarker to evaluate chronic stress .In addition , it is relatively simple and sensitive to detect stress biomarkers by using saliva samples .

Objective To evaluate the effect of military performance stress on the changes of concentrations in salivary chromogranin A ( CgA) ,β-endorphin (β-EP) and salivary IgA ( sIgA) of submariners.Methods Twenty-nine submarine soldiers were selected, and their saliva samples were collected separately at the end of a long dive trip and nine months after relaxation ashore.In addition,the saliva samples of twenty-eight graduate students were collected as the normal control.The method of ELISA was used to detect the level of salivary CgA,β-EP and sIgA.Results After long-term dive training, the submariners showed significantly decreased CgA,β-EP and sIgA.Conclusion After a long term dive trip, chronic military performance stress is associated with the decline of salivary CgA,β-EP and sIgA, indicating that the function of sympathet-ic adrenal medulla is suppressed.The biological significance of these changes needs to be assessed in the future.