Objective To establish the m ethod to analyze γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB ) and its precursors 1,4-butanediol (1,4-B D ) and gam m a-butyrolactone (GBL) in urine through LC-M S/M S and provide evi-dence for related cases. Methods GHB-d6 and M O R-d3 were used as the internal standard. The urine sam ple w as separated by LC after protein precipitation w ith m ethanol. The electrospray ion source w as for ionization. E ach com pound w as detected through m ultiple-reaction m onitoring (M R M ) m ode. Results The lim its of detection of GHB and its precursors 1,4-B D and GBLwere 0.1, 0.1 and 2μg/m L. The accuracy w as 87.6% -98.1% . The intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 15% and m atrix ef-fects were higher than 80% . Conclusion The m ethod is high sensitive, sim ple, rapid, specific and w ith high reliability. This study has provided technical support and basic data for forensic cases involving GHB .

OBJECTIVE: To establish the method to analyze γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its precursors 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in urine through LC-MS/MS and provide evidence for related cases. METHODS: GHB-d6 and MOR-d3 were used as the internal standard. The urine sample was separated by LC after protein precipitation with methanol. The electrospray ion source was for ionization. Each compound was detected through multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. RESULTS: The limits of detection of GHB and its precursors 1,4-BD and GBL were 0.1, 0.1 and 2 μg/mL. The accuracy was 87.6%-98.1%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 15% and matrix effects were higher than 80%. CONCLUSION The method is high sensitive, simple, rapid, specific and with high reliability. This study has provided technical support and basic data for forensic cases involving GHB.
4-Butyrolactone/urine* ; Butylene Glycols/urine* ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; Hydroxybutyrates/urine* ; Mass Spectrometry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective: To screen candidate antigen for therapeutic HBV vaccine with a novel adjuvant DC-Chol. Methods: BALB/c mice were injected with DC-Chol liposome and HBsAg prepared from CHO and Yeast respectively. One week later, IL-4, IL-2, IFN-?were measured by ELISA or ELISPOT. Results: The levels of IL-2, IFN-?of HBsAg from Yeast with DC-Chol liposome were 20 and 119 times higher respectively than those of HBsAg from CHO with DC-Chol liposome. ELISPOT assay showed that the counts of spot-forming cells of IL-4 and IFN-?of HBsAg from Yeast with DC-Chol liposome were 2.8 and 46.3 times higher respectively than those of HBsAg from Yeast with Al(OH)3. Conclusion: HBsAg prepared from Yeast together with DC-Chol liposome may be an appropriate candidate for therapeutic HBV vaccine .

RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a newly-developed method in transcriptome research, it can afford more accurate transcription information and be more quickly by using Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. RNA-Seq has been widely used in various biological fields. Genuine traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), with good quality and therapeutic effect, were always praised highly and used by famous physicians. The geo-herbalism formation of TCM is based on the product of the gene expression at specific space and time. So it has been a research hotspot to analyze the mechanism of biosynthesis through RNA-Seq in the study on the secondary metabolism of medicinal plant. This article mainly illustrates the RNA-Seq and its advantages, it also discusses the potential application in genuine TCM, and it can provide useful information for other researchers.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Gene Expression Profiling ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; RNA ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Transcriptome

Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to examine PGC-1α mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of rats. The results showed that the expression levels of PGC-1α mRNA in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of obese rats were lower than those of the normal ones (all P<0.01). After high dose glucocorticoid treatment, the levels of PGC-1α mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, both in normal and obese rats, were decreased significantly.

Objective To explore the expressions of Survivin and VEGF and relationship between them in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The expressions of Survivin protein and VEGF protein in 50 HCC.30 cirrhosis and 10 normal tissues were assessed by immunohistochemical method.The expressions of Survivin mRNA and VEGF mRNA in 50 HCC,30 cirrhosis and 10 normal tissues were assessed by in situ hybridization.Results The expressions of Survivin and VEGF in cancer tissues,cirrhosis tissues,normal tissues weresignificantly different. The expression of Survivin in HCC tissues was stronger than that in cirrhosis,but the expreesion of VEGF in cirrho- sis was stronger than that in HCC tissues.Conclusion The expression of survivin.is closely associated with the ex- pression of VEGF in HCC and they take positive correlation.The abnormal expressions of Survivin and VEGF are closely associated with the development of HCC.They may play important roles in the development of HCC.

Some important network addresses of microbiology teaching reso ur ces and two effective searching engines in Internet were provided. How to searc h, download and apply these resources to the teaching practice were discussed in this paper.

Genuine medicinal materials with special characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is recognized as high quality medicine. Both ancient records and modern research considered that the origin is an important reason for the formation of genuine medicinal materials. However, blindly transplanting of genuine medicinal materials has led to the quality decline and counterfeit medicines appeared in production or sale progress, which may increase the risk of accidents in TCM. Frequent accidents emerged in Chinese herbal affects its export. What's more, it is a great threat to the medication safety in TCM clinical. There is an urgent need to implement traceability systems of TCM, which could provide convenient information record and traceability of TCM circulation. This paper reviews a variety of technical methods for genuine medicinal materials traceability, and proposed the establishment of genuine medicinal materials traceability system based on two-dimensional code and network database.
Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

?AIM: To evaluate the effects on recovering of corneal wound and postoperative discomfort of different methods for primary pterygium.?METHODS: Forty-seven cases ( 60 eyes ) of primary pterygium were excised under microscope with limbal epithelial transplantation, with sharp dissection ( 24 cases, 30 eyes, Group A) and blunt dissection (23 cases, 30 eyes, Group B).All cases were followed up for 1d to 1mo.?RESULTS: The recovering of corneal wound was better in Group B on 1st day and 3rd day after surgery.Pain, photophobia and tears, foreign body sensation were more serious in group A on 1st day after surgery with a statistically significant difference (P=0.005,0.015,0.012). Pain, photophobia and tears, foreign body sensation were more serious in Group A on 3rd day after surgery with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.019,0.018, 0.015).There was no statistically significant difference on 1wk and 1mo after surgery (P>0.05).? CONCLUSION: Compared with sharp dissection, primary pterygium excised with blunt dissection can significantly improve recovering of corneal wound and postoperative discomfort.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum cardiac troponin I(cTnI)and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)in heart failure of children with pneumonia and their relationship with heart function.Methods Thirty healthy children aged from 5 months to 3 years old were randomly selected with 17 male and 13 female(healthy group).Thirty children with severe heart failure aged from 3 months to 2 years old were selected at the same time with 21 male and 9 female(heart failure group).Thirty children with ordinary pneumonia aged from 3 months to 3 years old were also sampled with 16 male and 14 female(ordinary pneumonia group).The peripheral bloods of 2-3 mL of all children were taken.The BNP level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the cTnI level was determined by micro-particle enzyme immunoluminescent.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shor-tening(LVFS)were detected by echocardiography.SPSS 11.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results The levels of cTnI [(0.389?0.030) ?g/L] and BNP [(0.572?0.090) ?g/L] of heart failure group increased significantly compared with healthy and ordinary pneumonia group,while their LVEF and LVFS decreased significantly(Pa