AIM:Atherosclerosis primarily involved systemic arteries .Luminal surface , a monolayer of endothelial cells , of artery directly exposes to blood and is susceptible to active substances in the blood .Exosomes contain significantly amount of proteins and RNAs .Ex-osomes can be good and bad for cells , depending on their component .Thus, exosomes may contribute to atherosclerosis by affecting endothelial cells .This study analyzed the relationship of exosome proteins and atherosclerosis .METHODS: Fifty-six patients and healthy subjects were recruited and divided into two comparisons:healthy subjects vs atherosclerosis ( HS vs AS) , and hypertension vs hypertension plus atherosclerosis ( HT vs HT+AS) .Serum exosomes were decoded by protein mass spectrometry .The protein profile and function were analyzed by gene ontology ( GO) .RESULTS:It was found that five child terms repeatedly appeared in “response to stimulus” and “immune system process” of BP of the two categories ( HS vs AS and AS vs HT+AS):“positive regulation of innate immune response”,“immune response-activating signal transduction”,”activation of innate immune response”,“innate immune re-sponse-activating signal transduction” and “innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway ”.Two child terms repeatedly showed in “binding” of MF of the two categories:“antigen binding” and “enzyme binding”.Two proteins, PSMA6 and PSMA7, were repeatedly shown in the two categories .CONCLUSION:GO analysis was utilized for structure hierarchy “tree” to illustrate these proteins involved in various terms in BP , CC and MF.The PPI analysis supplied proteins which may play potentially im-portant roles in AS process .Innate immune system and blood coagulation pathway contribute to AS formation .The proteins, PSMA6, PSMA7 and Annexin A2, may can be the new target proteins for prevention and treatment of AS .

AIM:To analyze the proteins included in exosomes derived from blood of patients with hypertension and seek the main pathologi -cal changes in hypertension .METHODS:Forty-seven patients and healthy subjects were recruited and divided into two comparisons :healthy subjects vs atherosclerosis ( HS vs AS) , and atherosclerosis vs hypertension plus atherosclerosis ( AS vs HT+AS) .We extrac-ted exosomes from blood and utilized LC-MS/MS to identify the protein expression .We used GO analysis to established the hierarchy programs of biological process and molecular function .PPI was used to find the proteins related to the terms .RESULTS:It was found that three final child terms repeatedly shown in BP of the two categories ( HS vs AS and AS vs HT+AS):“signal transduction in re-sponse to DNA damage”,“response to zinc ion”, and“platelet aggregation”.It was found that two final child terms in MF of the two categories:“interleukin 2 receptor binding” and“ploy(A) RNA binding”.The proteins, PSMA6, PSMA7 and CA2, were related to the terms in the two categories .CONCLUSION: We discovered that the exosome proteins may indicate the pathological changes in hypertension through the biological processes related with the specific proteins .These specific proteins, such as VCL, PSMA6, DP, AKAP, ATP5B and CA2, can be the new indicators for severity of hypertension and new therapeutic targets .

Objective To investigate the alterations in oligodendrocyte and microglia and changes in neurobehavior after human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUcMSCs) intervention on the newborn rat model of white matter damage (WMD) induced by hypoxia-ischemia.Methods After the operation of left common carotid artery ligation and 4 h hypoxia (6％ O2 and 94％ N2),twelve three-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats died and the remaining sixty rats were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The first day was 0 to 24 h after birth.Rats of the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected the fourth generation HUcMSCs 1 × 106 (0.05 ml) on the third,fourth and fifth day respectively.At the same time,rats of the control group were intraperitoneally injected phosphate buffer (0.05 ml).Eight rats of each group were executed on the tenth and twenty first day respectively to detect the number of cells positive for myelin basic protein (MBP) and ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ED-1) staining by immunohistochemistry.Three rats of each group were executed on the tenth and twenty first day respectively to detect MBP and ED-1 expression by western blot.Eight rats of each group were weighed and underwent the neurobehavioral evaluation on the twenty eighth day.Data were analyzed using t test.Results On the tenth and twenty first day,the numbers of MBP-positive cells in the experimental group (11.8 ± 4.1 and 23.8± 8.1) were significantly higher than those in the control group (6.7±3.1 and 11.5 ± 5.8,t=-2.81 and 3.49,both P＜0.05) ; and the numbers of ED-1 positive cells in the experimental group (20.8 ± 3.4 and 19.1 ± 2.8) were significantly lower than those in the control group (32.8±4.2 and 29.5±5.2,t=6.23 and 4.93,both P＜0.01).On the tenth and twenty first day,MBP expressions in the experimental group (1.3 ± 0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.1) were higher than those in the control group (0.8±0.0 and 0.6±0.1,t=-7.53 and 6.68,both P＜0.01) ; and the ED-1 expressions in the experimental group (0.6±0.1 and 0.4±0.1) were lower than those in the control group (1.0±0.1 and 0.8±0.1,t=3.09 and 4.90,both P＜0.01).Weight on the seventh,tenth,fourteenth,twenty first and twenty eighth day in the experimental group [(15.0± 1.2),(16.6±0.9),(27.0± 1.6),(44.2±2.3) and (68.1 ±4.2) g] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(12.7 ± 1.6),(13.5 ± 2.0),(23.6 ± 1.9),(38.4± 0.9) and (60.0± 4.2) g,t=-3.11,-3.97,3.67,-6.52 and-3.72,all P＜0.05].On the twenty eighth day,the score of open field test in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (36.5 ± 2.9 vs 24.3 ± 3.6,t=7.36,P＜0.01).So was the hanging test (3.6± 1.0 vs 2.0±0.7,t=3.53,P＜0.01).In Cylinder test,the ratio of left/both and right/both forefeet in the experimental group were similar [(49.8± 13.3) ％ vs (41.4±5.9) ％,t=0.86,P＞0.05],but the ratio of left/both forefeet in the control group was higher than right/both [(49.5 ± 11.3) ％ vs (31.2±3.2) ％,t=4.38,P＜0.01].Conclusions HUcMSCs are able to enhance the number of oligodendrocytes while weaken the activity of microglias in the WMD newborn rat model,and to promote the physical development and improve the rat neurobehavior.

OBJECTIVE To establish an in vitro cell model based on patient-specific human neural stem cells to study the pathomechanism of sporadic AD as well as screen candidate drugs.METHODS The peripheral blood cells from sporadic AD patients and cognitive normal controls were repro-grammed into inducedpluripotent stem cells(iPSCs),which were further induced into neural stem cells and neurons. The cell growth curve during the differentiation process was recorded by the IncuCyte ZOOM, and neural stem cells and neurons were identified by immunofluorescence. The apoptosis of neural stem cells and neurons was detected by Click-iT?Plus TUNEL Assay. RESULTS Neural stem cells derived from AD patients and cognitive normal controls can express neural stem cell markers Nes-tin,Sox1,Sox2 and Ki67.TUNEL assay results showed that the number of TUNEL-positive cells in neu-ral stem cells derived from AD patients was significantly higher than that of cognitive normal controls (P<0.01). When neural stem cells were differentiated into neurons, the percentage of MAP2 positive cells in the neural stem cell-derived culture dish of AD patients was significantly higher than the cogni-tive normal controls at day 16 of neuronal differentiation (P<0.01); the TUNEL assay showed that the number of TUNEL-positive cells in AD-derived neurons was significantly greater than that in cognitive normal controls (P<0.01) at day 16 of neuronal differentiation. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that AD-iPSC-derived neural stem cells exhibit premature neuronal differentiation and increased neural apoptosis,which might be relevant to the neuronal loss of AD,thus may provide valuable new tools to screen candidate drugs for the disease and to discover the mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Lipase ; genetics ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics

Purpose: Laparoscopy is being increasingly accepted for pancreaticoduodenectomy. Stapled anastomosis (SA) is used extensively to facilitate laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD); however, the incidence of anastomotic bleeding after stapled gastrointestinal anastomosis is still high. Methods: One hundred and thirty-nine patients who underwent LPD using Whipple method were enrolled in our study. We performed the SA with our reinforced method (n = 68, R method) and without the method (n = 71, NR method). We compared the clinical characteristics and anastomosis methods of patients with or without gastrointestinal-anastomotic hemorrhage (GAH), and operative parameters were also compared between the anastomotic methods. Results: Of the 139 patients undergoing LPD, 15 of them developed GAH. The clinical characteristics of patients with or without GAH were not significantly different except in the anastomotic method (P < 0.001). In the univariate logistic regression analyses, only the anastomotic method was associated with GAH. Furthermore, patients with the NR method had significantly higher incidences of GAH (P < 0.001) and Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III complications (P < 0.001). Conclusion Our retrospective analysis showed that the SA performed with reinforced method might be a reform of SA without the reinforcement, as indicated by the lower incidence of GAH. However, further research is necessary to evaluate the utility of this reinforced method.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical application of a computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) veneer system.

METHODSSixty-five CAD/CAM veneers were made for 23 patients and 105 porcelain veneers were made for 25 patients. After three years, the clinical performance of two veneer systems were evaluated and compared according to modified California Dental Association/Ryge criteria. The clinical success rate and patient satisfactory rate were calculated.

RESULTSThe success rates of porcelain veneer and CAD/CAM veneer were 96.2% and 93.8%, respectively. The patient satisfactory rates were 92.4% and 90.8%. There was no significant difference between two veneer systems in color match, marginal discoloration and marginal fit. But the surface texture of CAD/CAM veneers was better than that of porcelain veneers.

CONCLUSIONSCAD/CAM veneer system was a successful approach for veneer restorations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Computer-Aided Design ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Veneers ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metal Ceramic Alloys ; Young Adult

AIMTo approach the effects of multi-site synchronous ventricular pacing on myocardial mechanics and cardiac work.

METHODSFive modes of multi-site synchronous ventricular pacing were randomly performed in 12 dogs with anesthetized, opened chest and artificial-ventilation. Some parameters were measured simultaneously including: the peak of left ventricular pressure rise and fall (+/- dp/ dt(max)), the time constant of left ventricular relaxation(tau), the muscle tensile force in left/right ventricular wall (V-tensile force, V-TF), SV, LVSW and RVSW.

RESULTSThe myocardial systolic mechanical parameters: +dp/dt(max) and LV-TF of cHisB-LVPL and RVA-LVPL pacing by biventricular pacing modes were increased than that of cHisB-RVA pacing in right ventricular bifocal pacing mode. +dp/dt(max) in above two groups of biventricular pacing was increased than that in cHisB-RVA pacing. Tau value of cHisB-LVPL and RVA-LVPL pacing modes were shorted than that of cHisB-RVA pacing. The above parameters of cHisB-RVA-LVPL and cHisB-RVA-LVA biventricular trifocal pacing were superior to that of cHisB-LVPL and RVA-LVPL biventricular pacing. The +dp/dt(max), LV-TF and RV-TF of cHisB-RVA-LVPL pacing were increased as compared with that of cHisB-RVA-LVA pacing (P > 0.05). The -dp/dt(max) in cHisB-RVA-LVPL pacing were increased by 6.0% and tau value was shorted by 3.7% compared with those in cHisB-RVA-LVA pacing (P > 0.05). SV, LVSW and RVSW of cHisB-LVPL and RVA-LVPL biventricular pacing were increased than those of cHisB-RVA bifocal pacing. The above parameters of cHisB-RVA-LVPL pacing were increased than that of cHisB-RVA-LVA and cHisB-LVPL pacing.

CONCLUSIONIt was explained that the cHisB-RVA-LVPL biventricular trifocal sites synchronous pacing mode would increase the velocity of ejection and filling during myocardial contraction and relaxation and enhance cardiac work by maintaining normal VSS.

Animals ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; methods ; Dogs ; Female ; Heart ; physiology ; Heart Ventricles ; Male ; Myocardium

To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for the measurement of hemodialysis access recirculation (AR) and access flow rate (Qa), a two pump system was used to simulate access and dialyzer flow. AR and Qa under different conditions, such as reversal connection of dialysis lines and the needle orientation, were compared with each other. The value of access flow and recirculation flow were calculated based on the formulas introduced in this paper, and the correlation and consistency between true flow rate and calculated values were analyzed. The measured R correlated well with true value of flow rate (r = 0.57, P = 0.038, Qa > Qb; r = 0.95, P = 0.001, Qa < Qb). The Bland-altman test showed good agreement between the calculated value based on CEUS and true values. The CEUS can be used as a new advanced technology for AR and Qa measurement.
Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Computer Simulation ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; blood ; therapy ; Models, Biological ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Regional Blood Flow ; Renal Dialysis ; methods ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVESTo assess the diagnostic accuracy and to study the histologic typing of mediastinal lesions using core needle biopsies.

METHODSThe histopathology and immunophenotype of 65 mediastinal core needle biopsy specimens were studied retrospectively by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining (ABC method). Gene rearrangement studies were performed in some of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas cases using PCR. Follow-up records were also analyzed.

RESULTSMorphologically, all specimens showed a combination of epithelioid cells, lymphoid cells and fibrous tissue in different proportions. The pathologic diagnoses included lymphoma (21 cases), pulmonary carcinoma (20 cases), thymoma (14 cases), thymic carcinoma (4 cases), seminoma (3 cases) and chronic inflammation (1 case). Definitive diagnosis was not possible in 2 cases due to insufficient material. The tumor cells in lymphoma (21 cases) expressed CD20, CD3, TDT, CD30, CD15 or EMA, depending on their histologic subtypes. Tumor cells in the 17 pulmonary carcinoma cases expressed cytokeratin (CK), except 3 cases of small cell carcinoma of lung. Synaptophysin, chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase were all positive in the 10 cases of small cell carcinoma of lung and 1 case of thymic small cell carcinoma (which was also CD5 negative). The 3 cases of adenocarcinoma of lung showed positivity for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and they were negative for CD5. The 14 thymoma cases expressed CK, CD3 or CD20. The 3 thymic carcinoma cases expressed CK and CD5. Placental-like alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) was positive in 3 seminoma cases which were CK-negative. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was rearranged in the 3 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and 1 B-cell anaplastic large cell lymphoma case. T-cell receptor beta gene was rearranged in 5 T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma cases.

CONCLUSIONSMicroscopic assessment of tissue samples from mediastinal core needle biopsies should be made in combination with clinical and radiologic information. Ancillary investigations, including immunohistochemical staining and/or gene rearrangement studie, are needed in both non-lymphoma and lymphoma cases of mediastinum.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Needle ; CD5 Antigens ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; Humans ; Keratins ; analysis ; Lung Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; Lymphoma ; chemistry ; pathology ; Male ; Mediastinal Diseases ; pathology ; Mediastinum ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thymus Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology