Objective To analyze the characteristics of surface electrocardiographic (ECG) and intracardiac electrophysiological mapping of atrial premature contractions (APC) and atrial fibrillation (AF) originated from the superior vena cava (SVC), so as to investigate the electrophysiological mechanism of AF with SVC origin. Methods The clinical data of 12 patients (mean age 55. 3 ± 12. 2 years) with paroxysmal AF were retrospectively analyzed; the patients were electrophysiologically confirmed with AF of SVC origrn and were hospitalized for radiofrequency ablation during Sept. 2006 to Aug. 2010. The P waves of APC from SVC in inferior leads and V1, morphology of AF, procedure time, ablation sites within SVC, complications and success rate were all analyzed. Results Compared with P wave of sinus rhythm (SR), the P amplitude of APC from SVC was significantly greater ([0. 23±0. 05] mV vs [0. 15±0. 05] mV, P<0. 05) in lead II, and in lead V1 the ratio of biphasic morphology was significantly higher (91. 6% vs 33. 3%, P<0. 05). The figures of fibrillation wave were similar to P waves of SR and APC in 8 patients (8/12,66. 6%). Compared with the electrical isolation of left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), SVC isolation needed a significantly shorter time ([18 ±11] min vs [33 ±16] min, P<0. 05)and a significantly less ablation site ([14 + 6] vs [36 + 11], P<0. 05). Eight patients still presented persistent rapid firing within SVC after isolation; two patients suffered paroxysmal atrial -utter 1 month after procedure and were controlled by antiarrhythrmia drugs. No patients had complications. Conclusion The APC and AF of SVC origrn manifest specific ECG patterns, which helps to predict the target vena before ablation; the isolation of SVC needs a shorter time period and less ablation points, and with high success rate.

Objective One typical case with stress cardiomyopathy was reported and the current knowledge of the syndrome was reviewed to improve relevant knowledge.Methods A 71-year-old female patient presented dyspnea and chest pain due to emotional stress.ECG,echocardiography,selective coronary artery angiography,left ventriculography,~(99)Tc~m-MIBI single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT),~(18)F-FDG SPECT and MRI were performed.Results Electrocardiogram at admission showed ST segment elevation and T wave inversion in leads V1—V4.Pathological Q wave occurred 1 week later,it disappeared 1 month later however and severe T wave inversion occurred.Normal or slightly elevated cardiac enzymes in the blood were found during the course.Left ventriculogram at admission showed left ventricular apical ballooning with LVEF of 30%.The ballooning volume was about 3/4 of left ventricular volume, without any corresponding coronary artery diseases found in coronary angiogram.The abnormal apical ballooning decreased significantly in the follow-up left ventriculogram performed one month later.The LVEF rose up to 63.6%.~(99)Tc~m-MIBI and ~(18)F-FDG SPECT showed mismatch of perfusion and metabolism in the corresponding region,indicating presence of viable myocardium.MRI showed left ventricular apical ballooning without perfusion defect and late enhancement,indicating viability of corresponding myocardium. Conclusions Emotional stress can cause transient left ventricular apical ballooning called"stress cardiomyopathy".Either ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI SPECT associated with ~(18)F-FDG SPECT or delayed enhancement MRI plays an important role in identification of myocardial viability,which can efficiently guide clinical treatment.

To study the pharmacokinetic effect of different combined administration with monarch drug Ziziphi Spinosae Semen on its main components in rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into Ziziphi Spinosae Semen group, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen-Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group, Ziziphi spinosae Semen-Salviae Miltiorrhize Radix et Rhizoma group and Zaoren Ansheng prescription group. After oral administration, HPLC was eluted with the mobile phase of acetonitrle-0.03% phosphate acid water in a gradient mode. The detection wavelength was 280 nm. The pharmacokinetic parameters of spinosin and ferulic acid were calculated by DAS 2. 0 software. Compared with Ziziphi Spinosae Semen group, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen-Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen-Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group showed a lower maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under curve (AUC(0-t)) for spinosin and ferulic acid but higher clearance speed (CL/F); whereas the Zaoren Ansheng prescription group showed higher maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under curve (AUC(0-t)) for spinosin and ferulic acid but lower clearance speed (CL/F). Compared with Ziziphi Spinosae Semen group, prescription group showed slower metabolism of spinosin and ferulic
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumaric Acids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ziziphus ; chemistry

Objective To observe the effects of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Jiedu fang (YHTJF) on pneumocyte apoptosis after lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (LIRI) in mice and to investigate whether c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) is involved in the mechanism of apoptosis.Methods Seventy C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into seven groups:normal control group (C group),carboxyl methyl cellulose-Na+normal control group (CMC-Na+C group),CMC-Na+sham group (CMC-Na+S group),CMC-Na+I/R group (CMC-Na+I/R group) and CMC-Na+YHTJF-low,-middle,-high dose groups (CMC-Na+YL,CMC-Na+YM,CMC-Na+YH groups).C group did not undergo any processing;in CMC-Na+S group,only was chest opened without clipping the lung hilum;in the rest of the four groups,they all underwent opening of the chest and clipping the lung hilum for 30 minutes,then the clipping of artery was relieved and left lung reperfusion was carried out for 3 hours.After operation,the mice were sacrificed,the lung tissues were harvested.Under light and electron microscopes,the lung morphological and ultra-structural changes were observed,and the changes of index of quantitative evaluation for alveolar damage (IQA) were determined.The terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) was applied to evaluate the apoptosis index (AI) of the lung tissues.The protein and mRNA expressions of JNK and glucose regulating protein 78 (GRP78) in lung tissues were detected by Western Blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR);the correlations between lung AI and the expressions of mRNA and protein of JNK and GRP78,IQA were analyzed.Results Compared with CMC-Na+S group,IQA,AI and mRNA and the protein expressions of JNK and GRP78 in CMC-Na+I/R group were obviously higher [IQA:(74.00 ± 7.31)％ vs.(7.00 ± 1.23)％,AI:(64.40 ± 11.97)％ vs.(5.60 ± 1.14)％,JNK mRNA (gray value):1.143 ± 0.284 vs.0.152 ± 0.128,GRP78 mRNA (gray value):0.897 ± 0.129 vs.0.284 ± 0.044,JNK protein (A value):0.428 ± 0.074 vs.0.073 ± 0.052,GRP78 protein (A value):1.075 ± 0.145 vs.0.589 ± 0.060].Compared with CMC-Na+I/R group,the IQA,AI,protein and mRNA expressions of JNK and GRP78 in CMC-Na+YL,CMC-Na+YM,CMC-Na+YH groups were all lower,and the degree of reduction in group CMC-Na+YM was the most remarkable,greater than that in CMC-Na+YL or CMC-Na+YH group [IQA:(26.20 ± 3.35)％ vs.(34.00±5.34)％,(41.20±9.18)％,AI:(29.40±3.05)％ vs.(48.20±3.83)％,(39.20±6.14)％,JNK mRNA (gray value):0.681 ± 0.130 vs.0.804 ± 0.153,0.938 ± 0.11,GRP78 mRNA (gray value):0.450 ± 0.105 vs.0.747 ± 0.231,0.566 ± 0.115,JNK protein (A value):0.188 ± 0.049 vs.0.261 ± 0.065,0.209 ± 0.063,all P ＜ 0.01],compared with the CMC-Na+I/R group,the expression of GRP78 protein was obviously higher in CMC-Na+YH,CMC-Na+YL,CMC-Na+YM groups and the most remarkably high was in CMC-Na+YH group (A value:1.429 ±0.226 vs.1.130±0.169,1.128 ±0.177,all P ＜ 0.01).The apoptosis of each group was mainly in the pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells,and brown particles were positive cells under light microscope.Under transmission electron microscope:nuclear pyknosis and margination under the nuclear membrane,cytoplasm condensed,lamellar bodies decreased and emptying increased,cell membrane microvilli decreased or disappeared,mitochondria swelling,inflammatory cells increased in alveolar septum and adhering onto the capillary walls could be seen in CMC-Na+I/R group.Compared with CMC-Na+I/R group,the lung tissue ultrastructural damage alleviated,ultrastructure of alveoli clearly seen,nuclear chromatin relatively uniform,cytoplasm increased,type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell surface microvilli relatively plenty,lamellar corpuscle number increased,mitochondria swelling ameliorated in CMC-Na+YH,CMC-Na+YL,CMC-Na+YM groups and the most remarkable one was CMC-Na+YM group.AI was significantly positive correlated with the mRNA and protein expressions of JNK,GRP78 and IQA (r =0.907,0.928,0.880,0.712,0.911,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions YHTJF may effectively alleviate the cell apoptosis in mice LIRI,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of JNK pathway.

Molecular methods and fluoroscopic techniques suggest that rich microbial diversity exist in the marine environment, but less than 1% of these microbes can be cultured in the laboratory conditions, and that the cultivable dominant species were even less. This limitation has long been a barrier to the development of environmental microbiology and the utilization of marine resources. In the past decade, novel methods for culture and detection of these uncultured marine microbes have successfully applied to obtain several conventionally-uncultured microbes including those from extreme environments. Those progresses have inspired researchers greatly. Developments in the research of marine microbial resources are an important basis for the study of the micro-world and deserve increasing scientific attention.

Objective To evaluate the effect of patients' participating supervision on improving nurses' compliance to hand hygiene(HH) in intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Implementation of HH of ICU nurses was investigated by field observation and investigation of patients, intervention measures were began to be implemented in February 2016, HH compliance among ICU nurses after(February-May 2016) and before (November 2015-January 2016) intervention was compared.Results A total of 81 patients were included in the study, 38 were in pre-intervention group and 43 were in post-intervention group.52.63%(20/38)in pre-intervention group and 88.37%(38/43)in post-intervention group seen, heard or recalled that nurses had performed HH, difference was significant(X2=12.67, P<0.005);after intervention, HH rates before and after touching a patient, before aseptic procedure, and after touching patient surroundings were all higher than before intervention (all P<0.01).Conclusion Patients' participation in improving HH compliance of ICU nurses is feasible, and it is worth to be popularized.

AIM:To investigate the impact of long-term administration of pentoxifylline (PTX) on morphology and inflammation of the lung in mouse models with chronic exposure of cigarette smoke. METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were randomized into the following four study groups: smoke-exposure only, shamed smoke-exposure, smoke-exposure and PTX administration, shamed smoke-exposure and PTX administration. Animals assigned to smoke-exposure were put inside a chamber twice a day for cigarette smoke exposure. The oral dose of PTX allocated to each mouse was about 20 mg?kg-1?d-1. Animals were sacrificed anaesthetically at day 120. Slices of lung were stained with H&E for pathological analysis. Modified ashcroft pulmonary fibrosis score (mAPFS) was estimated, and IFN-? (a Th1 cytokine), IL-4 (a Th2 cytokine) in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and hydroxyproline in mouse lung tissue were measured by commercial kits of ELISA assay. RESULTS: Lungs in smoke-exposure only group exhibited emphysema-like morphology, low mAPFS (median 1.50, 95%CI 1.25-3.75), lowest hydroxyproline (2.43?0.11) mg/L and lowest ratio of IL-4 to IFN-? (20.3?25.5), whereas lungs in smoke-exposure and PTX interference group exhibited interstitial fibrosis-like morphology, highest mAPFS (4.75, 4.09-5.71), highest hydroxyproline (5.57?0.55) mg/L and highest ratio of IL-4 to IFN-? (70.7?59.9) among the four study groups (P

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and results of cervical double door laminoplasty for the treatment of cervical spinal cord injury without radiographic spinal fracture and dislocation.Methods24 patients (all men) with cervical spinal cord injury without radiographic spinal fracture and dislocation were treated with operation of cervical double door laminoplasty. The follow up period ranged from 3 months to 21 months. ASIA scores of motion and sensation before and after operation were compared.Results After surgical treatment, ASIA scores of motion and sensation of patients were improved from 35.2±7.1 and 72.4±13.1 to 59.3±6.8 and 122.2±15.2 respectively and having a significant difference compared with that before operation (P<0.01).Conclusion Cervical double door laminoplasty, which is characterized by thorough decompression of spinal cord and preserving the posterior supporting tissue as much as possible to maintain the stabilization of cervical spine after operation, is an ideal optional method for cervical spinal cord injury without radiographic spinal fracture and dislocation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application of MSCT and post-processing images to fractures of nasal bone in forensic identification. METHODS: 134 cases were examined by thin slice scanning with MSCT and all of the data were sent to workstation for MPR and SSD. The result of MSCT was compared with that of X-ray. RESULTS: There are 55 (41.04%) cases of linear fracture, 46 (34.33%) cases of comminuted fracture, 27 (20.15%) cases of depressed fracture and 6 (4.48%) cases of no fracture in this sample. With X-ray or CR, 48 (35.82%) cases were misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. 133 (99.25%) cases were confirmed by MSCT. Significance difference was found between X-ray and MSCT (chi2= 45.0816, P<0.001). CONCLUSION MSCT and post-processing images might be the chief evidence for nasal fractures in forensic identification.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Female ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Fractures, Comminuted/diagnostic imaging* ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Bone/injuries* ; Skull Fractures/diagnostic imaging* ; Tomography, Spiral Computed/methods* ; Young Adult

Background Researches showed that the incidence rate of cataract is high in the nickel mining area. Nickel sulphate can apparently inhibit the metabolism and proliferation of human lens epithelium cells. But the study on the injury mechanism of nickel on lens is still seldom. Objective Present study was to investigate the effect of nickel sulphate on the lens of SD rats. Methods Forty-five SPF SD rats aged from 7 to 14 days were grouped randomly into subcutaneous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and blank group. Nickel sulphate of 2 g/L ( 10 mg/kg) was subcutaneously or intraperitonealy injected for 45 days. The opacity of rat lens was examined under the slit lamp at two-week interval and scored based on the criteria of LOCS II and LOCS III. The rats were sacrificed in 45 days after experiment and the lens were obtained for the pathological examination. Result The mean score of the anterior subcapsule opacity of rat lens was obviously higher in subcutaneous injection group compared with blank control group with a significant difference between them (t= 14. 311, P < 0. 05 ) , but no significant difference in the anterior subcapsule opacity between intraperitoneal injection group and blank control group (t = 4. 355 , P>0. 05 ). The score of posterior subcapsule opacity of lens were evidently higher in both subcutaneous injection group and intraperitoneal injection group than the blank control group (t = 9. 316,P = 0. 004;t = 7. 464, P = 0. 009) ,so was the mean score of the anterior +posterior subcapsule opacities(t = 23. 387,P=0. 000;t= 10. 533,P = 0. 002) and the total score of rat lens opacity ( t = 12. 358 , P = 0. 001; t = 10. 188 , P = 0. 003 ) . No significant differences were found in cortex opacity score and nuclear opacity score among three groups ( P > 0.05 ). Histopathology examination revealed that the degeneration of lens collagen protein was more serious in subcutaneous injection group and intraperitoneal injection group than the blank control group,and the injury degree of lens collagen protein was more dominant in subcutaneous injection group. Conclusion System administration of nickel sulphate induced the injury of anterior and posterior subcapsule of lens in SD rat.