In order to search for a new pathway to improve the yield of ginseng through growing at the full sun shine accompanied by salicylic acid (SA), the net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in Panax ginseng leaves, and the content of ginsenosides in roots were compared under various concentrations of SA and full sun shine with the traditional shade shed. Under the full sun shine, 0.05, 0.2 mmol x L(-1) SA increased net photosynthetic rate to a great extent. Under the cloudy day, the average net photosynthetic rate increased by 127.8% and 155.0% over the traditional shade shed, 13.9% and 27.5% over the treatment without SA respectively; under the clear day, 23.5% and 30.4% over the traditional shade shed, 8.6% and 14.6% over the treatment without SA, particularly obvious in the morning and late afternoon. With such concentration, SA increased activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and decreased the contents of the MDA. This difference resulted from different light intensity, rise of light saturation point, and fall of compensation point. Full sun shine decreased ginsenosides contents, but with SA, the ginsenosides regained, the content of Rg1 and Re, Rb1, total six types of ginsenosides in SA 0.2 mmol x L(-1) group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05) and other groups. The application of 0.2 mmol x L(-1) SA under full sun shine during a short time has little threat to the P. ginseng in spring, and could enhance the resistance to the adversity, which would improve the yield of ginseng heavily.
Catalase ; analysis ; metabolism ; Ginsenosides ; analysis ; metabolism ; Light ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; metabolism ; Panax ; chemistry ; drug effects ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Peroxidases ; analysis ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; drug effects ; Plant Proteins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Salicylic Acid ; pharmacology ; Seasons ; Superoxide Dismutase ; analysis ; metabolism

Objective To explore the role of the autoantibodies against ?_1 and ?_1-adrenergic receptor(?_1-receptor)in the development of hypertension with renal failure.Methods The epitopes of the second extracellular loop of ?_1-receptor(197-222) and ?_1-receptor(192-218) were synthesized and used respectively to screen sera autoantibodies in patients with hypertension and renal failure(n=61),hypertension without renal failure(n=60) and healthy blood donors(n=40,control) by ELISA.Results The positive rates of the autoantibodies against ?_1-receptor(62.3%)and ?_1 receptor(50.8%) in patients with hypertension with renal failure were higher than those of patients with hypertension without renal failure(13.3% and10.0%)(P

During oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),endothelium-dependent vasodilation(EDD)at different time points in impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)group was lower than that in normal control group.EDD at 60 and 120 min in IGT + vitamin C group was higher than that in IGT group(all P＜0.05).There was a negative relationship between blood glucose level and EDD during OGTT in IGT patients.

Objective The aim of the study was to analyze the predictive value of the European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation score (EuroSCORE) and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality (STS-PROM) in -dult patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR).Methods We carried out a retrospective statistical analysis on 521 adult patients undergoing AVR between 1999 and 2008 in Changhai hospital.Patients with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting were also included.Excluded from this study were patients having surgery for congenital heart defects,aneurysm of thoracic aorta and atrial fibrillation.Operative mortality was defined as death before discharge from the hospital.The mortality risk calculation of EuroSCORE and STS-PROM for aortic valve procedures was performed by the online available EuroSCORE or STS score calculator.Based on the additive EuroSCORE risk calculation,patients were divided into low-risk,medium-risk and high-risk groups.The valuation of three different algorithms depended on the assessment of two features:calibration and discrimination.A comparison of observed and predicted mortality rates was also performed.Results A total of 521 patients were identified as having undergone aortic valve replacement.In-hospital mortality was 4％ (21 cases) overall.The expected mortality for the additive,logistic EuroSCORE and the STS-PROM was 3.36％,2.82％ and 1.25％,respectively.The observed to expected ratio was 1.2 for additive EuroSCORE,1.43 for logistic EuroSCORE and 3.23 for STS-PROM.The STS-PROM underpredicted observed mortality significantly ( P ＜ 0.01 ) and showed poor calibration in predicting in-hospital mortality in the entire cohort,medium- and high-risk subgroups.The logistic EuroSCORE underpredicted observed mortality in the mediumrisk subgroup ( P ＜ 0.05 ).EuroSCORE underpredicted in-hospital mortality in the high-risk subgroup with the observed-expected mortality rate of 1.84 for additive EuroSCORE and 1.46 for logistic EuroSCORE.The EuroSCORE in three subgroups showed poor discrimination in predicting mortality as well as the STS-PROM did in the medium- and high-risk subgroups ( ROC ＜ 0.7).Conclusion Both the EuroSCORE and the STS-PROM give an imprecise prediction for individual operative risk in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement in our study.These algorithms seem unsuitable to identify a high-risk patient population undergoing isolated AVR.It is necessary to construct a risk stratification model for valve surgery according to the profiles of Chinese patients.

Objective To observe the function of immature CD8α+ dentritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Methods The bone marrow and spleen of C57BL/6(H-2b) and Balb/c (H-2d) mice were got to prepare immature CD8α+ DCs and spleen lymphocytes,and treated by mytomycin. MTT test was used.MLR group, MLR plus variable density syngeneic CD8α+ DC group, MLR plus variable density allogeneic CD8α+ DC group,MLR plus variable density CD8α+ DC supernatant group,CD8α+ DC plus syngeneic T cell group and negative control group were established. MLR group was set up by responder cell ratio of 0.2,0.5,0.8,1.0,to build the MLR plus syngeneic and allogeneic CD8α+ DC experimental groups. Culture supernatant from different density (1 × 105/ml - 5 × 106/ml) of CD8α+DCs was added into MLR to build CD8α+ DC supernatant group. CD8α+ DCs were co-cultured with syngeneic T cells to build CD8α+ DCs plus syngeneic T cells group. 2 × 105/well responder cells served as the negative control group. ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the DCs could both suppress MLR (P＜0. 05), and the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0. 05). When CD8α+ DCs were increased, the suppressive effect was enhanced. When CD8α+ DC/responder cell ratio ＞0. 2, the inhibitory effect could be observed, and this effect reached the peak when the ratio was 1.0. The CD8α+ DCs had weak ability to stimulate syngeneic lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, and certain stimulating effect could be seen only when CD8α+ DC/responder cell ratio ＞2 (P＜0. 05). Its culture supernatant also showed suppressive effect (P＜0. 05), and the supernatant with a cell density of 5 × 105/ml showed the maximum effect. IL-10 concentration in the concentration was 1.0 ± 1.2 pg/ml. Conclusion The in vitro function of immature CD8α+ DCs was immunosuppression/tolerance,and they could secret high level of IL-10. The CD8α+ DCs and their culture supernatant could suppress MLR in vitro.

Objective To study the correlation between obesity and clustering of major risk factors on cardiovascular disease in the elderly.Methods A cross-sectionai study was conducted.Data from 546 elderlY aged 60-90 were analyzed for the relationship between obesity and clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases,with descriptive statistical methods,x2 test,logistie regression and ROC curve．Results (1)The positive rates of the four major risk factors and clustering appeared an upward trend along with the BMI and or the wc.The overall positive rate of clustering of risk factors among the total 546 elderly people was 59.5％,and 52.5％in males,65.7％in females.(2)As compared with females,males had a higher growth rate of clustering with the elevating of BMI and WC.and odds ratios of the highest-level groups were 13.579 and 2.876 in males and females.Respectively.(3)Both BMI and WC were independent influencing factors for male(P<0.05),and logistic regression coefficients were 0.196 and 0.074 for BMI and WC,respectively.Only WC appeared to be the independent influencing factor for females(P<0.05),while BMI WaS not(P:0.537),with logistic regression coefficient as 0.060 for WC.(4)The combination equation of male's BMI and WC Was CEBMI+WC=0.726 × BMI+0.274 × WC,with the optimum cut-off value as 41.59,and the sensitivity and the specificity were 0.785 and 0.598,respectively．Conclusion Four major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were often related to obesity while control of BMI and WC were of great significance to the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease．The combined equation of BMI and WC could be used to predict the risk of clustering.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the linkage between angiotensin-(1-7) ［Ang-(1-7)］ and the release of amino acid neurotransmitters in the the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) by techniques of microinjection, microdialysis combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescent detection. Unilateral microinjection of Ang-(1-7) into the RVLM of anesthetized rats produced an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) accompanied by an increased release of glutamate (Glu). In contrast, microinjection of Ang779, a selective antagonist of Ang-(1-7) receptor, caused a decrease in MAP with a decreased releaceof Glu and an increased release of glycine,taurine and r-aminobutyric acid.The pressor effect of Ang-(1-7)and the depressor effect of Ang779 were in part blocked by corresponding andtagonists of aminoacid receptors.These results suggest that the pressor effect of Ang-(1-7)in the RVLM may be partially due to an increased release of Glu,whereas the depressor effect of Ang779 may be partially attributed to a decreased release of Glu and an increased release of inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of cake-separated moxibustion in treatment of hyperlipemia.

METHODSSixty rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, a blank group,a model group, a direct moxibustion group and a cake-separated moxibustion group. Hyperlipemia model was developed by high fat diet of cholesterol. Changes of ultrastructures of endothelial cells of the aorta of the rabbit were observed with electron microscope.

RESULTSThe endothelial cells in the cake-separated moxibustion group were more intact, most of them were normal in forms, internal elastic membrane was continuous, their thickness was even, the cells of smooth muscles in the medial membrane were relatively normal, which are similar to those in the blank control group. But the structure of endothelial cells of the aorta in the model group disappeared, in cytoplasm the sedimentation of a great number of lipids can be seen, internal elastic membrane was interrupted, the thickness was uneven, with focal dissolution, the cells of smooth muscle in the medial membrane had sedimentation of lipids, with frothy change.

CONCLUSIONCake-separated moxibustion has a certain protective action on endothelial cells of the aorta in the rabbit of hyperlipemia.

To investigate the eletrophysiological effect of rat adrenomedullin (rADM) on barosensitive neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM) and its potential mechanisms, the extracellular recording and multi-barrel iontophoresis methods were used. Of the 29 barosensitive neurons in the rVLM, 20 neurons demonstrated excitatory response to iontophoretically applied rADM and increased the firing rate from (10.8 +/- 2.7) spikes/s to (14.6 +/- 3.6), (19.8 +/- 4.7) and (31.9 +/- 6.4) spikes/s (P<0.05, n=20) at the current of 30, 60 and 90 nA, respectively. Application of human adrenomedullin (22-52) [hADM (22-52)], a specific antagonist of rADM receptor, distinctly attenuated the augmentation of firing rate induced by rADMjthe firing rate was increased by 15.4% [(11.4 +/- 2.5) spikes/s, P<0.05, n=10]. Another antagonist, human calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37) [hCGRP (8-37)] had no significant effect on rADM-induced excitation. Other 23 barosensitive neurons were recorded to test the influence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors on the excitatory effect of rADM. In 10 neurons, 7-NiNa (neuronal NOS inhibitor) decreased the firing rate from (10.1 +/- 3.5) spikes/s to (7.5 +/- 2.5), (5.3 +/- 2.1) and (3.1 +/- 1.4) spikes/s (P<0.05, n=10) at the current of 10, 20 and 40 nA, respectively. The excitatory effect of rADM (60 nA, 30 s) during 7-NiNa application was nearly eliminated and the magnitude of firing rate was increased only by 17% of the basal level (6.2 +/- 1.9) spikes/s (P<0.05, n=7). While aminoguanidine (AG, iNOS inhibitor) increased the firing rate at the resting level from (11.5 +/- 5.1) spikes/s to (17.8 +/- 5.6), (22.5 +/- 6.3) and (29.1 +/- 6.4) spikes/s (P<0.05, n=8) at the current of 10, 20 and 40 nA in 8 barosensitive neurons, respectively. When rADM (60 nA, 30 s) was delivered during AG iontophoresis period, the firing rate significantly increased by 60% of the basal level [(22.5 +/- 6.3) spikes/s, n=5]. These results indicate that rADM activates the barosensitive neurons in the rVLM directly and acts as a cardiovascular regulator, and that this function might be mediated by its specific receptor. NO, mainly neuronal NOS-originated might be involved in the excitatory effect of rADM in the rVLM.
Adrenomedullin ; physiology ; Animals ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; physiology ; Pressoreceptors ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: Visual-spatial neglect (VSN) is a neuropsychological syndrome, and right-hemisphere stroke is the most common cause. The pathogenetic mechanism of VSN remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) changes in patients with or without VSN after right-hemisphere stroke. METHODS: Eleven patients with VSN with right-hemisphere stroke (VSN group) and 11 patients with non-VSN with right-hemisphere stroke (non-VSN group) were recruited along with one control group of 11 age- and gender-matched healthy participants. The visual-spatial function was evaluated using behavioral tests, and ERP examinations were performed. RESULTS: The response times in the VSN and non-VSN groups were both prolonged compared with those of normal controls (P < 0.001). In response to either valid or invalid cues in the left side, the accuracy in the VSN group was lower than that in the non-VSN group (P < 0.001), and the accuracy in the non-VSN group was lower than that in controls (P < 0.05). The P1 latency in the VSN group was significantly longer than that in the control group (F[2, 30] = 5.494, P = 0.009), and the N1 amplitude in the VSN group was significantly lower than that in the control group (F[2, 30] = 4.343, P = 0.022). When responding to right targets, the left-hemisphere P300 amplitude in the VSN group was significantly lower than that in the control group (F[2, 30] = 4.255, P = 0.025). With either left or right stimuli, the bilateral-hemisphere P300 latencies in the VSN and non-VSN groups were both significantly prolonged (all P < 0.05), while the P300 latency did not differ significantly between the VSN and non-VSN groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Visual-spatial attention function is impaired after right-hemisphere stroke, and clinicians should be aware of the subclinical VSN. Our findings provide neuroelectrophysiological evidence for the lateralization of VSN.
Adult ; Aged ; Cerebral Infarction ; physiopathology ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; genetics ; PPAR gamma ; genetics ; Perceptual Disorders ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Reaction Time ; genetics ; physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Stroke ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; genetics