Objective To design a new method to verify the position of multileaf collimator(MLC)leaf using a two-dimensional ion chamber array(2D-array).Methods 2D-array of PTW T10018 Seven29~(TM) was used to calibrate the accuracy of MLC leaf position of Elekta Precise accelerator.The edge function of the leaf position of MLC was measured and used as the reference value.The precision of MLC leaf was then evaluated through comparing the measured and reference values.Results The accuracy of MLC leaf position was found within?0.1 mm.Conclusion This method of verifying the accuracy of multileaf collimator leaf position is easy,simple and reliable

Bilingual teaching is adapted to the development of higher education in china.Based on actual fact of college,teaching mode,evaluation and effect of bilingual teaching on medical microbiology were studied,which started with necessity of bilingual teaching to use original edition teaching material in English. The result would provide some gist to choice the suitable pattern of bilingual teaching for other subject of our college.

To develop Students' Practical Ability according to the teaching requirement and culture aim of preventive medicine major,the teaching plan,teaching content,teaching methods,and experimental check-ing methods were explored and the experimental teaching pattern of medical microbiology adapted to pre-ventive medicine major was constructed.The investigation showed that the experimental teaching pattern helped to cultivate the students' operating ability,thinking of scientific research and ability of aggregate and solving analysis.Moreover,it helped to develop the students' co-operative consciousness and team spirit.It indicated that the new pattern was superior to the traditional experimental teaching.

Objective To investigate the situation of normal blood pressure and prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.Methods Random samples were used to analyze the incidence of normal blood pressure and prehypertension in 3 nationalities based on data from Han, Uygur and Hazakh residents living in 7 areas (Urumqi,Ke lamayi, Fukang, the Turfan Basin locality, Hetian locality, Altay locality,and Yili Hazakh autonomous prefecture) in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.Results A total of 16 460 subjects were selected with cluster sampling, and eligible data of 14 618 subjects were actually analyzed in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.Incidence of normal blood pressure was 24.9% and the prevalence of prehypertension was 34.24% (35.6% fro male and 31.5% for female, P<0.01) in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥35 years old in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.The prevalence of prehypertension was 37.34%, 32.95% and 30.62% in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population, respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension decreased with increasing age in Han and Uygur population ≥45 years old, and in Hazakh population≥35 years old (all P<0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertriglyceridemia≥1.7 mmol/L, age≥45 years old, fasting plasma glucose≥7.0 mmol/L and body mass index≥24.0 kg/m2 were risk factors while the female was a protective factor of prehypertension. Conclusion The people with normal blood pressure is few and the prevalence of prehypertension is high in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population ≥35 years old of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and it is associated with many risk factors.

OBJECTIVETo study the inhibitory effect of paeoniflorin (PAE) on TNF-α-induced TNF receptor type I (TNFR1)-mediated signaling pathway in mouse renal arterial endothelial cells (AECs) and to explore its underlying molecular mechanisms.

METHODSMouse AECs were cultured in vitro and then they were treated by different concentrations PAE or TNF-α for various time periods. Expression levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were detected in the normal group (cultured by serum-free culture media), the TNF-α group (cultured by 2-h serum-free culture media plus 6-h TNF-α 30 ng/mL), the low dose PAE group (cultured by 2-h PAE 0.8 μmo/L plus 6-h TNF-α 30 ng/mL), the middle dose PAE group (cultured by 2-h PAE 8 μmol/L plus 6-h TNF-α 30 ng/mL), the high dose PAE group (cultured by 2-h PAE 80 μmol/L plus 6-h TNF-α 30 ng/mL) with Western blot analysis. Nuclear translocation of transcription factor NF-κB (NE-κB) was detected in the normal group (cultured by serum-free culture media), the TNF-α group (cultured by 2-h serum-free culture media plus 45-mm TNF-α 30 ng/mL), and the high dose PAE group (cultured by 2-h PAE 80 μmol/L plus 45-min TNF-α 30 ng/mL) by immunofluorescent staining. Expression levels of the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated (protein) kinase (ph-ERK) and p38 (ph- p38) were detected in the normal group (cultured by serum-free culture media) and the high dose PAE group (2-h PAE 80 μmol/L culture) by Western blot. NF-κB inhibitor-α (IκBα) protein expressions were detected in the normal group (cultured by serum-free culture media), the TNF-α group (cultured by 2-h serum-free culture media plus 30-min TNF-α 30 ng/mL), the high dose PAE group (cultured by 2-h PAE 80 μmol/L plus 30-min TNF-α 30 ng/mL), the p38 inhibitor group (SB group, pretreatment with SB238025 25 μmol/L for 30 min, then treated by PAE 80 μmol/L for 2 h, and finally treated by TNF-α 30 ng/mL for 30 min), the ERK inhibitor group (PD group, treated by PD98059 50 μmol/L for 30 min, then treated by PAE 80 μmol/L for 2 h, and finally treated by TNF-α 30 ng/mL for 30 min) by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal group, ICAM-1 protein expression levels obviously increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the TNFα group, ICAM-1 protein expression levels were obviously inhibited in the high dose PAE group (P < 0.05). Protein expression levels of ph-p38 and ph-ERK were obviously higher in the hIgh dose PAE group (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal group, IκBα protein expression levels obviously decreased in the TNF-α group (P < 0.01). Compared with the TNFα group, TNF-α-induced IκBα degradation could be significantly inhibited in the high dose PAE group (P < 0.01); the inhibition of PAE on IκBα degradation could be significantly inhibited in the SB group (P < 0.05). NF-κB/p65 signal was mainly located in cytoplasm in the normal group. NF-κB/p65 was translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus after stimulated by 45 min TNF-α in the TNF-α group, while it could be significantly inhibited in the high dose PAE group.

CONCLUSIONSPAE inhibited TNF-α-induced expression of lCAM-1. Its action might be associated with inhibiting TNFR1/NF-κB signaling pathway. p38 participated and mediated these actions.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology

The aim of this study is to investigate the critical factor affecting the properties of PLGA microspheres fabricated by a solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsion technique with BSA as a model protein. Prior to encapsulation, the BSA microparticles were fabricated by a modified freezing-induced phase separation method. The microparticles were subsequently encapsulated into PLGA microspheres by S/O/W emulsion method, then Motic BA200 biological microscope, confocal laser scanning microscope, scanning electron microscope were used to observe the structure of S/O/W emulsion and PLGA microspheres. The protein content extracted or released from BSA microspheres was measured by Bradford protein assay method. It was found that NaCl added in the outer aqueous phase effectively suppressed material exchange between the inner and outer phase of S/O/W emulsion. Then, the structure and permeability of obtained microspheres were influenced. As a result, with the increase of NaCl concentration in the outer aqueous phase, the encapsulation efficiency of microspheres significantly increased from 60% to more than 85%, the burst release of microspheres reduced from 70% to 20%, and the particle size decreased from 103 microm to 62 microm. Furthermore, the rehydration of encapsulated protein was also retarded and then integrity of BSA was successfully protected during encapsulation process. In vitro release test showed that BSA released from PLGA microspheres in a sustained manner for more than 30 days.
Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Compounding ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Lactic Acid ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microspheres ; Oils ; Particle Size ; Polyglycolic Acid ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Sodium Chloride ; chemistry ; Water

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of a new anticoagulant, annexin V derivative (AND) on anticoagulation and antithrombosis.

METHODSHigh and low doses of AND were given to rabbits (groups 1 and 2 respectively) by intravenous (iv) bolus injections followed by half the respective AND doses by iv infusion over 2 hours. Control groups were iv given heparin (group 3) and saline (group 4) of the same volume and procedure as that in group 1 and 2. Blood cell count, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen level were examined before and 15, 30 and 60 min after iv bolus and 2 hours after the end of iv infusion. A 3.0 mm x 15 mm balloon was put into femoral artery to induce endothelial denudation 15 min after IV bolus and the blood pressure of femoral artery was monitored until the pulse pressure recorded 0 mm Hg when the vessel was occluded completely by a thrombus. The femoral arteries were collected and the thrombi were stripped off for measuring their lengths, wet and dry weights.

RESULTSAnticoagulation parameters: APTT at 15 min after iv bolus in AND group was significantly longer than that in group 4 (P < 0.05) but shorter than that in group 3 (P < 0.05); APTT and TT in group 3 were significantly longer than those in groups 1, 2 and 4. Fibrinogen: 0.70 mg/kg AND may decrease fibrinogen. Antithrombosis values: the wet and dry weights in AND groups were significantly lighter than those in group 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). The dry weight in high-dose AND group was remarkably lighter than that in low-dose group (P = 0.029). The length of thrombus in low-dose AND group was remarkably shorter than that in group 4 (P = 0.013), but not for group 3 (P > 0.05). It was remarkably shorter in high-dose AND group than in both group 3 (P < 0.001) and 4 (P = 0.015). The time when pulse pressure equaled to 0 was longer in AND group than in group 4 (P < 0.05), but not in 3.

CONCLUSIONAND is an effective anticoagulant and antithrombosis agent, the highest anticoagulation effect occurs at 15 min after IV bolus. Its anticoagulation effect is not more potent than that of standard heparin, while antithrombosis capacity is more effective. AND in treating thrombosis clinically might be promising.

Animals ; Annexin A5 ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Anticoagulants ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibrinogen ; analysis ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Prothrombin Time ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Thrombin Time ; Thrombosis ; prevention & control

Objective To establish a kind of animal model and methods for neuroendoscope training. Methods With rat abdominal cavity hypothesized as cerebral ventricle, a set of programs for neuroendoscopic operative skill training were designed, including endoscopic techiniques, electronic coagulation, suction, flush, biopsy and balloon dilatation, and so on. Results Simulation operation was performed on rat abdomen under neuroendoscope. The procedure helped to practice the endoscopic manipulation, get to know well how to perform endoscope, coagulation, suction, flash instruments, be familiar with the usage of electric coagulation in the liquid condition. The emphasis was put on the basic skills of pure neuroendoscopic operation such as balloon dilatation, electric coagulation, cutting off,forcep biopsy and flush. Conclusions The rat model can provide a way to train pure neuroendoscopic operation. The trainer can get basic experience with regard to endoscopic manipulation, balloon dilatation, electric coagulation, suction, flush and biopsy under endoscope. The method can be an important part of neuroendoscopic laboratory training.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of microneurosurgery by supraorbital key-hole or endonasal transsphenoidal approaches in the treatment of pituitary adenoma and investigate their complications. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 87 patients with pituitary adenoma of which the anteroposterior diameter was less than 3 cm. These patients, admitted to our hospital from May, 2006 to June, 2008, were operated in an endoscope-assisted microsurgical manner via a supraorbital key-hole approach (n=42) or an endonasal transsphenoidal approach (n=45). The efficacy of these two approaches was compared and their complications were observed. Results The excision rate of the pituitary adenoma developing on or around the sella turcica operated through the supraorbital key-hole approach was significantly higher than that through the endonasal transsphenoidal approach(P< 0.05); while that of microadenoma or adenoma developing towards the sphenoid sinus operated through the supraorbital keyhole approach was statistically lower than that through the endonasal transsphenoidal approach (P<0.05). No obvious differences on the improvement of endocrine secretion, visual acuity and field was noted in these two approaches (P>0.05). The incidence rate of epistaxis and unilateral dysosphresia in the supraorbital key-hole approach was significantly lower as compared with that in the endonasal transsphenoidal approach (P<0.05). Conclusion Rarely having such complications as dysosphresia, epistaxis and sphenoiditis, neuroendoscopic surgery through supraorbital key-hole approach is the best way of treating the pituitary adenoma developing on or around the sella turcica and worth to promote in clinic.

Objective:To compare the effect of uPWS R15 software based on deep learning with MIM-Maestro 6.9 software based on atlas library to automatically delineate the organs at risk of prostate cancer in order to provide a reference for clinical application.Methods:The CT data of 90 prostate cancer patients admitted to the Department of Oncology Radiotherapy of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively selected. Based on the uPWS R15 software developed by Shanghai United Imaging Medical Technology Company and the MIM-Maestro 6.9 software developed by Beijing Mingwei Vision Medical Software Company, the effects of uPWS and MIM software on automatic delineation of organs at risk were evaluated according to five parameters, including delineation time (T), Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Jaccard similarity coefficient (JSC), Hausdorff distance (HD) and the mean distance to agreement (MDA).Results:The sketching time of uPWS software was less than that of MIM software. There were no significant differences in the sketching effect of femoral head and skin between the two software (all P>0.05). The delineation of right kidney ( tMDA=-3.43, zDSC=-4.03, zJSC=-4.16, P<0.05), left kidney ( tMDA=-3.87, zDSC=-4.18, zJSC=-4.41, P<0.05), small intestine ( tMDA=-8.57, zDSC=-9.99, tJSC=14.21, P<0.05) and rectum ( zMDA=-4.00, tDSC=-9.98, tJSC= 9.72, P< 0.05) except HD, was statistically different. The bladder ( z=-7.88, -9.00, -8.17, -8.74, P<0.05) and spinalcord ( z=-3.87, -4.43, 4.03, 3.05, P<0.05) were also delineated with significant differences. The DSC automatically delineated by uPWS software was >0.7, while the DSC automatically delineated by MIM software was >0.7 for all other organs at risk except small intestine and rectum. In addition, the HD, MDA and JSC values of the organs at risk (bilateral femoral head, bilateral kidneys, spinal cord, bladder, skin, rectum and small intestine) automatically delineated by uPWS software were generally better than those with MIM software. Conclusions:The uPWS software outlines better than the MIM software, but the MIM software can also be used clinically with modifications to the small bowel and rectum, saving a great deal of time in preparation for radiation therapy.