Objective: To study the anti-influenza A virus effect of theaflavin derivatives which contain theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF2A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF2B), and theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate (TF3) and to investigate the mechanism. Methods: The inhibition of theaflavin derivatives on A/Thailand/Kan353/2004 H5N1 pseudovirus was investigated using pseudotype H5N1 virus system. Hemagglutination inhibition assay and neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay were used to investigate the mechanism for their anti-influenza activities. The inhibition of theaflavin derivatives on influenza A virus FM_1 was observed by H1N1 FM_1 system. Cytotoxicity of theaflavin derivatives on MDCK cells was determined by MTT assay. Results: Theaflavin derivatives could significantly inhibit the infection of pseudovirus H5N1 with IC50 of (151.88 ± 18.95) μg/mL. It had no inhibition on HA1 subunit. Theaflavin derivatives had the inhibition on NA with IC50 of (129.09 ± 1.33) μg/mL. Theaflavin derivatives showed a significant inhibitory activity on FM_1 influenza virus strain in MDCK cells. Theaflavin derivatives showed the low cytotoxicity on MDCK cells with CC50 of (879.89 ± 4.54) μg/mL. Conclusion: Theaflavin derivatives could inhibit the infection of avian influenza virus through the combination with hemagglutinin (HA) HA2 subunit and inhibit the activity of viral NA to some extent, which indicates that the anti-H5N1 avian influenza virus of theaflavin derivatives may be through multi-targets.

The expressions of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor (c-Met) protein were examined by immunohistochemistry in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms.The results showed that the positive rates of HGF and c-Met protein expressions in thyroid carcinomas were significantly higher than those of thyroid adenomas,and especially the expressions of HGF and c-Met proteins in follicular thyroid carcinomas were significantly higher than those in follicular thyroid adenomas.There existed significantly positive correlation between the expression degrees of HGF and c-Met in follicular thyroid carcinoma.Thus,the expressions of HGF and c-Met may be valuable in predicting prognosis of thyroid carcinomas and differentiating benign from malignant thyroid neoplasms.

Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea, Infantile ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Moxibustion

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Cytodiagnosis ; methods ; Cytological Techniques ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Sputum

0. 05). Conclusion On the CTA exams with 64-slice spiral CT, good CTA image quality can be acquired with reduced contrast dose and saline flush, thereby we can afford reliable diagnostic information for the clinicians.

An analysis of the time pattern of outpatients visits to our hospital from 1997 to 2000 led to the discovery of the variation pattern of each outpatient departments workload. This discovery has enabled the managers of the hospital to rationally deploy the manpower and material resources of various departments, make full use of limited resources, readjust the working hours and shifts of different kinds of staff, and work out a flexible system of working hours which is more scientific and more convenient to patients. Implementation of such a system has ensured that prompt delivery of medical service is accessible to patients even at the peak of visiting hours. Hence the reduction of patients time of waiting and the provision of a scientific guarantee for establishing a quality, efficient, low consumption and fast outpatient service system, meeting the medical needs of patients to the maximum and enhancing work efficiency.

Lycii Cortex, a popular herb medicine in traditional Chinese medicine, is used to treat different inflammation-related diseases. The aim of our work is to find the key constituents inhibiting NF-kappaB, a key regulator of inflammation. In the investigations of cell-based in vitro assays of extracts, we found that both ethyl acetate extract and methanol extract of Lycii Cortex inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappaB. Through bioassay-guided fractionation, we identified 4 phenolic amides including trans-N-(p-coumaroyl) tyramine (1), trans-N-feruloyltyramine (2), trans-N-caffeoyltyramine (3), and dihydro-N-caffeoyltyramine (4). Four phenolic amides showed differently inhibitory activities on TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation. Trans-N-caffeoyltyramine (3) was identified as the key component with an IC50 of 18.41 micromol x L(-1). It was suggested that the hydroxyl group at C-3 in trans-N-caffeoyltyramine might be a key binding site and its C-7,8-double bond might play an important role on NF-kappaB inhibitory activities as the link of the conjugation of pi electrons leading to a partial planar conformation. It might be inferred that the biological activity of compound 3 is attributed to the structure of Michael reaction acceptor containing alpha, beta-unsaturated ketones and benzene along with hydroxyl group in o-diphenol.
Biological Assay ; Cell Line ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators ; antagonists & inhibitors ; immunology ; Lycium ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; NF-kappa B ; antagonists & inhibitors ; immunology

Adult ; Female ; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ; complications ; Humans ; Nasal Obstruction ; etiology

Adult ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; complications ; Humans ; Tinnitus ; etiology ; Young Adult

Objective To know the current conditions of institution set-up,personnels allocated and equipment supplied in county-,city-and country-level in endemic disease prevention and control.Methods Questionnaires,regarding institution set-up,personnels allocated and equipment supplied,was performed among staffs from administrative apartment and professional apartment.Results There were 31 institutions for endemic disease prevention and control in province level of our country(except Hainan Province),with one institution in each province.There were 308 institutions for endemic disease prevention and control in city level,and 23 cities did not have one.There were 2340 institutions for endemic disease prevention and control in county level,none in 502 counties.There were 20 provinces which had the professional crew of the endemic disease administration,but other provinces did not.The proportion of high-grade professional staff of province,city,county level was 24.84% (310/1248),17.05%(481/2821),5.31%(598/11 256)respectively.The averaged size of wdrking place at province-,city-and county-level was 2603.9,324.6,1227 m2.The averaged area of laboratory of province,city,county level was 1093.8,147.4 and 46.6 m2 respectively.The average quantity of equipments valued over ten thousand yuan at province-,city-and county-level is 15.5,2.2,0.6 respectively.Conclusions After the innovation of organizations for endemic disease prevention and control,the number of personnels devoting to this work has been curtailed,working place and equipment is insufficient,which hinders the prevention and control.