Objective To evaluate the effect of the miracle questions in solution?focused brief therapy on memory tend and emotional stage in a non?clinical situation in college students. Methods A quasi?experimental design was adopted,and two kinds of materials for self?coaching( solution?focused,problem?focused) were devel?oped according to the previous researches. Seventy?two subjects were randomly divided into two groups,receiving the miracle questions in solution?focused brief therapy( The miracle question group,thirty?six subjects) or problem?focused coaching intervention(problem?focused group,thirty?six subjects).Exception memories number and positive and negative emotion level were evaluated between the two groups. Results The subjects receiving the miracle question group write more exception memories (3.67±2.07) than problem?focused group (1.61±1.18) ( t=5.178, P<0.01) . There was no significant difference in the positive and negative emotion level between the two groups(P>0.05) . Conclusion The miracle questions in solution?focused brief therapy can trigger the subjects to exceptional memories .This suggests that in practical application,questions order has impact on the effect of consultation. Be?fore asking exception question,miracle questions should be asked in the use of solution?focused intervention.

Aged ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; therapy ; Aorta ; Catheterization ; methods ; Humans ; Male

Objective To explore the value of brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP),visual evoked potential(VEP)and Revised Visual Retention Test(VRT)in detecting impairment of central nervous system in patients with acute leukemia(AL).Methods Neuropack-Ml type evoked potential machine(Japan)was used to check brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP)and visual evoked potential(VEP).BAEP,VEP and VRT were examined in 30 cases with acute leukemia(group AL)and in 30 age and sex matched healthy subjects as a control(groupC).Indexes of BAEP including peak latency(PL)of waves I ,IB ,V and inter-peak latency(IPL)of waves Ⅰ～Ⅲ,Ⅲ ～Ⅴ,Ⅰ～Ⅴand indexes of VEP(P100PL)were determined.VRT was accomplished meanwhile applying B method with C pattern,C method with D pattern,D method with E pattern.The correct scores and error scores were recorded separately.Results BAEP:the abnormal rate of the group AL was 23.3 %.Compared with control group,we found significant longer latency of wave Ⅲ、Ⅴ(P＜0.05)and significant elongation in the mean inter-peak latencies of Ⅰ～Ⅴ(P＜0.05).VEP:the abnormal rate of the group AL was 26.7% ,the P100 PL of the patients was longer than that in the control group(P＜0.05).VRT:the abnormal rate of the group AL was 33.3%.The results of VRT showed that the score in the group AL in D method with E pattern was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion BEAP,VEP and VRT could detect the impairment of central nervous system in patients with acute leukemia sensitively,and give clues to early diagnosis of central nervous system leukemia(CNSL).

Objective To study role of MDC/CCI22-CCR4 axis in mouse milky spots with peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer. Methods We examined the expression of CCR4 in 615 Mouse gastric cancer cell (MFC) lines by RT-PCR and Western-blot; Peritoneal metastasis model on the 615mouse was established by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml MFC cells(1×104 cells). Dil fluorescence was used to observe the transfer process and section of MFC. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect the expression of CCR4 and CCL22 in omental milky spot; the structure of Milky spot was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Mice were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely, the saline control group (received saline) and MFC group. The concentration of CCL22 in ascitic fluid was measured in the 615 mice injected MFC after 6,8,10 days and in the saline group. Results MFC first metastasizes to the milky spot on the omentum, the expression of CCR4 and CCL22 were observered in the milky spot. The surface layer cells in milky spot consisted of discontinuous mesothelial cells and mainly macrophages and lymphocytes. The average value of CCL22 was 43 pg/ml and 364 pg/ml respectively in saline control group and MFC group.Conclusions MDC/CCL22-CCR4 axis plays an important role in the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis in mouse gastric cancer.

Objective To study the role of MDC/CCL22-CCR4 axis in milky spots in peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer.Methods We examined the expression of CCR4 in 5 gastric cancer cell lines by RT-PCR and Western-blot.Cell growth rate of BGC-823 cell lines before and after incubated with CCL22 was detemined by MTT assay.The effects of CCL22 on invasion of BGC-823 cells into Matrigel were measured using Transwell test.Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect the expression of CCR4.Results CCR4 mRNA and protein expression were detected in all 5 human gastric cancer cell lines:CCL22had a direct promotive effect on BGC-823 cell prolifetation and invasion.There was CCR4 expression in Stomach neoplasms.The expression of CCR4 in primary tumor was correlated with tumor pathological differentiation(P<0.05),but not with age of patients,gender,location of tumor,tumor size,tumor stage,lymph node metastasis(P>0.05).Conclusions The MDC/CCL22-CCR4 axis may be one of the mechanism of peritoneal metastasis in milky spot in gastric cancer.

Objective To evaluate the impact of chemotherapy compliance on the therapeutic efficacy of induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus induction chemotherapy plus radiotherapy alone for patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Based on intention to treat analysis (ITT) for 400 patients, 314 patients were analyzed by per protocol (PP) analysis. The patients were divided into induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (IC/CCRT, 127 patients) or induction chemotherapy plus radiotherapy group (IC/RT, 187 patients). The patients who completed 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy and at least 2 cycles of concurrent chemotherapy in the IC/CCRT group and the patients who completed 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy in the IC/RT group were analyzed. Radiotherapy was given by two-dimensional technique with γ-ray, X-ray and electron beams. The chemotherapy regimen was FUDR plus carboplatin for induction chemotherapy and carboplatin alone for concurrent chemotherapy. Results The follow-up rate was 96.2%. 295 patients were followed to at 3 years. Based on PP analysis, Grade 3/4 toxicity was found in 23.6% of the patients in IC/CCRT group and 13.4% in the IC/RT group (χ~2 =5,50,P=0.019). No grade 4 toxicity was found in the IC/RT group. The median follow-up time was 3.9 years, and no significant difference was found between the two groups in 3-year overall survival (78.1% : 84.6% ;χ~2 = 0. 61, P =0. 435), disease-free survival (74.3 % : 70.1% ;χ~2= 0. 12, P= 0.731), Iocoregional relapse-free survival (89.7% : 89.5% ; χ~2= 0. 10, P= 0.748), or distant metastasis-free survival (78.9%:76.5% ;χ~2=0.05,P=0.825). Conclusions With more severe toxicities, the IC/CCRT regimen does not improve the overall survival in locally advanced NPC patients compared with the IC/RT regimen.

OBJECTIVEHighland natives adapt well to the hypoxic environment at high altitude (HA). Several genes have been reported to be linked to HA adaptation. Previous studies showed that the endothelial ni- tric oxide synthase (ENOS) G894T polymorphism contributed to the physiology and pathophysiology of hu- mans at HA by regulating the production of NO. In this meta-analysis, we evaluate the association between the ENOS G894T polymorphism and HA adaptation through analyzing the published data.

METHODSWe searched all relevant literature about the ENOS G894T polymorphism and HA adaptation in PubMed, Med- line, and Embase before Step 2015. A random-effects model was applied (Revman 5.0), and study quality was assessed in duplicate. Six studies with 634 HA native cases and 621 low-altitude controls were included in this meta-analysis.

RESULTSFrom the results, we observed that the wild-type allele G was significantly overrepresented in the HA groups (OR = 1.85; 95% Cl, 1.47-2.33; P < 0.0001). In addition, the GG genotype was significantly associated with HA adaptation (OR = 1.99; 95% Cl, 1.54-2.57; P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONOur results showed that in 894 G allele carriers, the GG genotype might be a beneficial factor for HA adaptation through enhancing the level of NO. However, more studies were needed to confirm our findings due to the limited sample size.

Objective: To measure the carotid viscoelasticity using ultrasound shear wave dispersion (USWD), and to explore the correlation between the viscoelasticity and hemodynamics. Methods: Forty-fve volunteers without history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were recruited and divided into elder group (≥50 years old, n=23) and younger group (<50 years old, n = 22) according to the median age. The common carotid arteries were detected by USWD, and SWER (elastic index) and SWDR (viscous index) were obtained. Hemodynamic parameters, including velocity time integral (VTI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and mean flow velocity (MFV), were measured using Doppler ultrasound. Correlations between SWER, SWDR and hemodynamic parameters were analyzed using Pearson analysis. Results: The SWER, SWDR, VTI, PSV, EDV and MFV in the elder group were significantly lower than those in the younger group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The SWER was positively correlated with VTI, PSV, EDV and MFV (r=0.354, 0.400, 0.467 and 0.310; P<0.01, P<0.05). The SWDR was negatively correlated with VTI and PSV (r= - 0.481 and - 0.522, both P<0.01), but positively correlated with MFV (r=0.352, P<0.01). Conclusion: USWD may identify the change of carotid viscoelasticity, and the change of viscoelasticity is related to hemodynamics.

Renal transplant (RT) recipients have a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.However,the effects of renal transplantation on the development of arteriosclerosis have been controversial.The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and diameter (CD) are important indicators of vascular remodeling and arteriosclerosis.In this study,31 patients with hemodialysis (HD),31 RT recipients and 84 age-and gender-matched control subjects were enrolled.Their CIMT and CD were measured by ultrasonic radiofrequency tracking,and the linear regression models and Z test were used to identify the progression of arteriosclerosis and the risk factors.Compared with HD group,RT group had significantly lower CIMT and CD.CIMT was found to be associated with age,body weight,resistance index and diastolic velocity,while CD was associated significantly with age,body weight,pulsatility index,end diastolic velocity and diastolic blood pressure (DBP),respectively.The correlation curves between CIMT and age showed the slopes of curves were decreased successively in control,RT and HD groups,and the curves between CD and age showed the slopes were decreased in order of RT ＞ control ＞ HD groups.It was concluded that CIMT and CD were significantly correlated with age in RT and moderately with age in HD patients.RT could reduce the progress of arteriosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Objective To observe the expression change of phosphorylation glogyen synthase kinase 3β at Ser9 [p-GSK3β (Ser9)] and investigate whether GSK3β involved in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and optic nerve in rat ocular hypertension model.Methods Thirty health Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with normal intraocular pressure (IOP) were randomly divided into 3 groups(10 cases in each group):control group,2 weeks ocular hypertension(OHT) group and 4 weeks OHT group.The ocular hypertension model was established by using episcleral veins ligation and cauterization.5 eyes from each group were taken for frozen section at week 2 and week 4 after establishing ocular hypertension model.The number of RGC was counted with Nissl's staining.The expression and distribution of p-GSK3β (Ser9) in RGC and optic nerve were detected by immunofluorescence staining.The retinal sample of other 5 rats was harvested for detecting the expression of total glogyen synthase kinase 3 β (total GSK3β) and p-GSK3β (Ser9) by Western blot.Results There was no statistical difference in IOP before modeling among three groups (P =0.89),but there was statistical difference after modeling (P ＜0.01),compared with the control group,the increased rate of IOP in 2 weeks OHT group and 4 weeks OHT group were 59.13％ and 26.93％ (all P ＜ 0.05).The average RGC numbers of 2 weeks OHT group and 4 weeks OHT group were 120 ± 10 per eye and 86 ± 7 per eye,which were both less than the number 149 ± 12 per eye in control rats,there were statistical differences (all P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,the number of RGC in 4 weeks OHT group was less than 2 weeks OHT group (P ＜0.01).The expression of p-GSK3 β (Ser9) in the retina and optic nerve were positive detected by immunofluorescence,and the intensity of p-GSK3β (Ser9) immunofluorescence staining in RGC and optic nerve of OHT rats were less than model control eyes.The amount of p-GSK3β (Ser9) in retina of 2 weeks OHT rats decreased 19.89％ compared with control group rats (P ＜ 0.05),and the amount of p-GSK3β (Ser9) in retina of 4 weeks OHT rats was significantly decreased 36.46％ compared with control group rats(all P ＜ 0.05).While the total GSK3β did not change(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The number of RGC and the expression of p-GSK3β (Ser9) in RGC and optic nerve of OHT rat eyes decreased significantly.The change expression of the p-GSK3β (Ser9) in the RGCs and optic nerve may be correlated with RGC neurodegeneration in glaucomatous disorders.