Exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells have shown great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine .In this study, we performed meta-analysis to assess the clinical effectiveness of using exosomes in ischemia /reperfusion injury based on the reports pub-lished between January 2000 and September 2015 and indexed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases .The effect of exosomes on heart function was evaluated according to the following parameters:the area at risk as a percentage of the left ventricle , infarct size as a percentage of the area at risk , infarct size as a percentage of the left ventricle , left ventricular ejection fraction , left ventricular frac-tion shortening , end-diastolic volume , and end-systolic volume .Our analysis indicated that the currently available evidence confirmed the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-secreted exosomes in the improvement of heart function .However , further mechanis-tic studies, therapeutic safety and clinical trials are required for optimization and validation of this approach to cardiac regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion injury .

Objective To discuss the value of moving darkroom and accompanying X-rays protective shield in endemic fluorosis areas.Methods Using moving and fixed darkrooms,the X-rays photos of the forearms and shanks of the 320 persons were developed in the endemic fluorosis areas,while the time for development and installing-uninstalling films was documented.The films develpoed in the darkroom were evaluated for the quality.Results Among the 320 films develpoed in the moving darkroom,the 268 had fingerprints,47 had scratches,298 were in good quality(93.13%),while in the fixed darkroom,the figure was correspondingly 735,384,227(70.93%);The moving darkroom increased excellent film rate significantly than fixed darkroom(χ2=53.43,P＜0.01),The detectable rate of skelelal fluorosis and degree Ⅰ skelelal fluorosis were highter than that in the fixed darkroom did (χ2=10.34,χ2=9.56,P＜0.01).Conclusions The films developed in moving darkroom have superior quality and higher diagnostic value,so it is important to use moving X-rays photographing in ecdemic fluorosis areas.

Medicinal values and their chemical bases of Paris (Trilliaceae) are reviewed. Paris plants include 40 species and varieties. Among them, 18 ones are medicinal plants with similarity in traditional uses. Fourteen species have been studied phytochemically, which led to isolation of 207 compounds including 121 steroidal saponins. These saponins are major active constituents from Paris plants, which can explain the traditional uses of the plants to treat cancer, malignant boil, bleeding, gastritis, and so on. The similarity in medicinal uses and chemical constituents of Paris plants implies the possibility of resource substitution among these species. It is worth to further investigate Paris plants in chemical constituents, pharmacological activity, biological property, and toxicology.
Animals ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

To establish a LC-MS/MS method for quantification of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3,4-DCQA, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid in rats plasma and study its pharmacokinetics after administration of Mailuoning injection at a single dose to rats. Plasma samples were acidified with hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The analytes were determined by LC-MS-MS using a ZOBAX SB C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol-water (containing 2 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetic) (60:40)at a flow rate of 0.5 mL x min(-1) and detected using ESI with negative ionization mode. Ions monitored in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were m/z 353.1/191.0 [M-H]- for chlorogenic acid, m/z 178.9/134.9 [M-H]- for caffeic acid, m/z 515.2/353.0 [M-H]-for 3,4-DCQA, m/z 193.0/133.9 [M-H]-for ferulic acid, m/z 146.9/102.9 [M-H]- for cinnamic acid and m/z 246.0/125.8 [M-H]- for tinidazole (IS). After administration of Mailuoning injection at a single dose to eight Sprague-Dawley rats, the concentrations of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3,4-DCQA, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS method. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of measured data were caluculated by using DASver 1.0 software. The linear concentration ranges of the calibration curves for chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3,4-DCQA and cinnamic acid were 2.006-1,027 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 6), 1.953-1,000 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 7), 28.51-1.459 x 10(4) microg x L(-1) (r = 0.998 9), 1.836-940.0, g x L(-1) (r = 0.997 7) and 4.780-2,447 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.998 6) respectively. The inner and inter-days relative standard deviations were both less than 5.0%, indicating legitimate precise and accuracy to the requirement of biological sample analysis. For chlorogenic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2, AUC0-t, and CL were (49.78 +/- 12.81) min, (123.55 +/- 14.82) mg x min x L(-1) and (0.004 3 +/- 0.000 5) L x min(-1), respectively. For caffeic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2, AUC0-t, and CL were (36.65 +/- 10.59) min, (91.67 +/- 11.77) mg x min L(-1) and (0.005 7 +/- 0.000 7) L x min(-1), respectively. For 3,4-DCQA, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2, AUC0-t, and CL were (50.08 +/- 13.78) min, (278.34 +/- 31.82) mg x min x L-1 and (0.001 6 +/- 0.000 2) L x min(-1), respectively. For ferulic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2, AUC0-t, and CL were (51.39 +/- 15.52) min, (34.72 +/- 4.67) mg x min x L(-1) and (0.000 4 +/- 0.0001) L x min(-1), respectively. For cinnamic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2, AUCo-t, and CL were (74.42 +/- 18.32) min, (34.63 +/- 4.82) mg x min x L(-1) and (0.007 7 +/- 0.001 1) L x min-', respectively. The assay method is proved to be sensitive, accurate and convenient. It can be applied to the pharmacokinetic study of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3,4-DCQA, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid.
Animals ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Hydroxybenzoates ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on affected and healthy limbs and on the regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA and proteins in the cerebral cortex early after focal ischemic.Methods A model of focal cerebral ischemia was established in 54 SD rats using the suture occlusion method.They were then randomly divided into an affected limb therapy group (ALTG,n =18),an unaffected limb therapy group (UALTG,n =18),and a control group (CG,n =18).Each group had a 7-day subgroup,a 14-day subgroup and a 21-day subgroup with 6 rats in each.Rats in the experimental groups received EA beginning 24h after the occlusion.Rats in each subgroup were sacrificed in a random order on the 7th,14th and 21st days and the ischemic cerebral cortexes were quickly dissected.The specimens were frozen in liquid nitrogen before being analysed for IGF-1 mRNA expression by RT-PCR and for IGF-1 protein by Western blotting.Results ①After occlusion,IGF-1 protein levels in the ischemic cortexes of the CG declined from the 7th through the 21st day.Rats in the ALTG had significantly higher levels compared with the CG at all time points.The UALTG had the highest values on the 14th day,but was lower than the ALTG and higher than the CG at the 21st day.②IGF-1 mRNA levels in the ischemic cortexes of the UALTG declined from the 7th through the 21st day.At day 7 the results of the UALTG were 6.8 times higher than the CG,and the ALTG was 3.0 times higher.At day 14 levels in the UALTG were significantly lower than those in the ALTG.At that point the results of the UALTG rats were 3.3 times higher than those of the CG and the ALTG was 5.7 times higher.On day 21 levels in both the UALTG and ALTG were significantly lower than in the CG.Conclusions EA intervention at an early stage of focal cerebral ischemia can improve the expression of IGF-1 mRNA and protein levels in the ischemic cortex.Treating the unaffected limb can evoke more IGF-1 mRNA expression earlier and with relatively longer duration,and generate relatively longer protein increases.EA administered to the unaffected limb was more effective in the early stage of stroke.

AIM:Atherosclerosis primarily involved systemic arteries .Luminal surface , a monolayer of endothelial cells , of artery directly exposes to blood and is susceptible to active substances in the blood .Exosomes contain significantly amount of proteins and RNAs .Ex-osomes can be good and bad for cells , depending on their component .Thus, exosomes may contribute to atherosclerosis by affecting endothelial cells .This study analyzed the relationship of exosome proteins and atherosclerosis .METHODS: Fifty-six patients and healthy subjects were recruited and divided into two comparisons:healthy subjects vs atherosclerosis ( HS vs AS) , and hypertension vs hypertension plus atherosclerosis ( HT vs HT+AS) .Serum exosomes were decoded by protein mass spectrometry .The protein profile and function were analyzed by gene ontology ( GO) .RESULTS:It was found that five child terms repeatedly appeared in “response to stimulus” and “immune system process” of BP of the two categories ( HS vs AS and AS vs HT+AS):“positive regulation of innate immune response”,“immune response-activating signal transduction”,”activation of innate immune response”,“innate immune re-sponse-activating signal transduction” and “innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway ”.Two child terms repeatedly showed in “binding” of MF of the two categories:“antigen binding” and “enzyme binding”.Two proteins, PSMA6 and PSMA7, were repeatedly shown in the two categories .CONCLUSION:GO analysis was utilized for structure hierarchy “tree” to illustrate these proteins involved in various terms in BP , CC and MF.The PPI analysis supplied proteins which may play potentially im-portant roles in AS process .Innate immune system and blood coagulation pathway contribute to AS formation .The proteins, PSMA6, PSMA7 and Annexin A2, may can be the new target proteins for prevention and treatment of AS .

AIM:To analyze the proteins included in exosomes derived from blood of patients with hypertension and seek the main pathologi -cal changes in hypertension .METHODS:Forty-seven patients and healthy subjects were recruited and divided into two comparisons :healthy subjects vs atherosclerosis ( HS vs AS) , and atherosclerosis vs hypertension plus atherosclerosis ( AS vs HT+AS) .We extrac-ted exosomes from blood and utilized LC-MS/MS to identify the protein expression .We used GO analysis to established the hierarchy programs of biological process and molecular function .PPI was used to find the proteins related to the terms .RESULTS:It was found that three final child terms repeatedly shown in BP of the two categories ( HS vs AS and AS vs HT+AS):“signal transduction in re-sponse to DNA damage”,“response to zinc ion”, and“platelet aggregation”.It was found that two final child terms in MF of the two categories:“interleukin 2 receptor binding” and“ploy(A) RNA binding”.The proteins, PSMA6, PSMA7 and CA2, were related to the terms in the two categories .CONCLUSION: We discovered that the exosome proteins may indicate the pathological changes in hypertension through the biological processes related with the specific proteins .These specific proteins, such as VCL, PSMA6, DP, AKAP, ATP5B and CA2, can be the new indicators for severity of hypertension and new therapeutic targets .

Objective Explore the change of IL-1β and IL-18 expression in pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline.Methods Divide the mouses into two groups, control group and experimental group (n=10).Establish rats pulmonary hypertension model induced by monocrotaline.Detect the model by ultrasound, myocardial cells HE dyeing and tunnel test;ELISA was used to detect the serum biological markers NF-κB, COX2, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and NO;Immunohistochemical was used to detect the expression level of IL-1β and IL-18 in the lung tissue;the protein change of NLRP3 in the lung tissue was detected by Western blot.Results Serum biological markers of NF-κB, COX2, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and NO are significantly increased in PAH rats(P<0.05);The expression of IL-1β, IL-18 in the lung tissue increased obviously(P<0.05);The NLRP3 protein expression was significantly higher in experimental group.Conclusions Changes of NLRP3 effect increase expression of IL-1β and IL-18and which may play an important role in pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions between pemetrexed plus cisplatin and paclitaxel plus cisplatin in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Forty-two cases with non-small cell lung cancer in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2015 were selected.Patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 21 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with pemetrexed plus cisplatin and the control group was treated with paclitaxel plus cisplatin.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were observed after two courses (21 days of a course) and the statistical analysis was performed.Results In the observation group and control group,response rate and clinical benefit rate were33.33％ (7/21),28.57％ (6/21) and76.19％ (16/21),71.43％ (15/21) respectively.No statistical significance were seen between the two groups (P＞0.05).The rate of hair loss (23.81％) (5/21) and the total number of adverse reactions (18.37％) (27/147) in the observation group were significantly lower than the rate of hair loss (47.62％) (10/21) and the total number of adverse reactions (25.17％) (37/147) in the control group (P＜0.05) No statistical significance was found in the incidence rate of leukopenia,neutropenia,erythropenia,thrombocytopenia,nausea and vomiting and phlebitis between the two groups (P ＞0.05) Conclusion Pemetrexed plus cisplatin is as effective as paclitaxel plus cisplatin in the treatment of advanced NSCLC with less adverse reactions and is much safer than paclitaxel plus cisplatin.Pemetrexed plus cisplatin is more valuable in the clinical treatment of advanced NSCLC.

A new sesquiterpenoid, 8α-hydroxy-6β-methoxy-1-oxoeremophila-7 (11), 9 (10) -diene-12, 8-olide (1) and five known compounds, petasin (2), caffeic acid (3), hepta-cosanol (4), β-sitosterol (5) and β-daucosterol (6) have been isolated from the roots of Ligularia intermedia. The compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, and identified based on spectral analyses (MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR).
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization