Aged ; Castleman Disease ; complications ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; complications ; virology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; complications ; Male

Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; pharmacology ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE: To develop a five fluorescence-labeled multiplex amplification system for 15 loci and study genetic polymorphism in Xinjiang Uygur population. METHODS: The STR loci were screened. The alleles were named according to the number of repeats by sequencing. The sensitivity, species specificity, identity and stability of the five fluorescence-labeled multiplex amplification system for the 15 loci were all tested. Then, the genetic polymorphism was analyzed in Xinjiang Uygur population and compared with other ethnic groups including Xizang Tibetan, Xiuyan Manchu, and Guangzhou Han population. RESULTS: The 15 loci multiplex amplification system was established. The sensitivity was 0.3 ng with good species specificity, identity and stability. The distributions of genotype for 13 STR loci in Uygur population were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with no genetic linkage between these loci. Most loci showed statistically significant among different populations. CONCLUSION The established system has application value in forensic evidence. The 13 STR loci in Uygur population have
Alleles ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Linkage ; Genotype ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polymorphism, Genetic

On account of the dense cuticles of the fresh stem and the light, hard and pliable texture of the dried stem, Dendrobii Caulis is difficult to dry or pulverize. So, it is very important to the ancient doctors that Dendrobii Caulis should be properly treated and applied to keep or evoke its medicinal effects. The current textual research results about the preliminary processing, processing and usage methods of Dendrobii Caulis showed that: (1) In history the clinical use of fresh or processed Dendrobii Caulis as teas and tinctures were very common. (2) Its roots and rhizomes would be removed before using. (3) Some ancillary approaches were applied to shorten drying times, such as rinsing with boiling mulberry-ash soup, washing or soaking with liquor, mixing with rice pulp and then basking, etc. (4) According to the ancients knowledge, the sufficient pulverization, by means of slicing, rasping, hitting or pestling techniques, was necessary for Dendrobii Caulis to take its effects. (5) The heat processing methods for Dendrobii Caulis included stir-baking, stir-frying, steaming, decocting and stewing techniques, usually with liquor as an auxiliary material. Among above mentioned, steaming by pretreating with liquor was most commonly used, and this scheme was colorfully drawn in Bu Yi Lei Gong Pao Zhi Bian Lan (Ming Dynasty, 1591 CE) ; moreover, decocting in advance or long-time simmering so as to prepare paste products were recommended in the Qing Dynasty. (6) Some different processing programs involving stir-baking with grit, air-tightly baking with ondol (Kangs), fumigating with sulfur, which appeared in modern times and brought attractive outward appearance of the drug, went against ancients original intentions of ensuring drug efficacy.
Dendrobium ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; history

OBJECTIVEBone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) of rabbits transferred with mammalian hBMP-4 expression plasmid were used to construct tissue-engineered bone. Gene therapy combined with tissue-engineering technique was explored to further improve osteogenesis.

METHODSpEGFP-hBMP-4 plasmid was constructed by subcloning technique. bMSCs were then transferred with either pEGFP-hBMP-4, pEGFP plasmid by lipofectamine or left uninfected in vitro. The cells from the 3 groups were combined with natural non-organic bone (NNB) to construct tissue-engineered bones, which were subcutaneously implanted into nude mice (6 implants per group) for 4 weeks. Specimens were evaluated through histological and computerized new bone formation analysis.

RESULTSpEGFP-hBMP-4 plasmid was successfully constructed. bMSCs could attach and proliferate on the surface on NNB. In vivo experiment showed that new bone formation in pEGFP-hBMP-4 group was higher than those of the control groups.

CONCLUSIONSTissue-engineered bone using hBMP-4 gene modified bMSCs might be an ideal alternative for the repair of bone.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Tissue Engineering

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of different doses of 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) early supplementation on airway inflammation and lung inflammatory factors in baby rats with asthma.

METHODSForty male weaned Wistar rats were divided into normal group, model group, low 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) group, middle 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) group, high 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) group using random number table (8 rats each group). The rats in low, middle and high 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) groups were given 1, 4, 10 µg/kg of 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) every other day by intraperitoneal injection respectively for 25 days. Except normal group, the rats in other groups were challenged with ovalbumin to establish the asthma model. The pathologic changes of lung tissue, the total white blood cell and classified cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ in serum and BALF were measured by ELISA method.

RESULTSThe level of total white blood cell counts in BALF were (5.98 ± 1.67)×10(5)/ml, (25.34 ± 4.28)×10(5)/ml, (17.24 ± 3.3)×10(5)/ml, (9.31 ± 3.37)×10(5)/ml, (45.1 ± 15.75)×10(5)/ml, respectively (F = 33.453, P < 0.01). The percent ratio of EOS in BALF were (1.44 ± 0.78)%, (17.81 ± 6.88)%, (15.00 ± 5.70)%, (8.89 ± 3.66)%, (25.88 ± 5.57)%, respectively (F = 27.299, P < 0.01). The level of IL-4 in serum of normal, model, low, middle and high-1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) groups were (0.62 ± 0.54), (7.57 ± 1.04), (3.58 ± 0.56), (2.70 ± 0.78) and (5.27 ± 0.30) pg/ml, respectively (F = 116.287, P < 0.01); IL-5 in resume were (32.20 ± 4.23), (67.14 ± 18.14), (37.51 ± 0.47), (40.69 ± 2.47) and (124.60 ± 36.19) pg/ml, respectively (F = 23.902, P < 0.01); IFN-γ in serum were (79.71 ± 10.08), (49.06 ± 4.46), (59.15 ± 2.51), (59.27 ± 2.33) and (53.85 ± 1.97) pg/ml, respectively (F = 39.954, P < 0.01). Also in BLAF, the IL-4 of all groups were (0.51 ± 0.30), (102.92 ± 54.61), (8.64 ± 4.07), (3.10 ± 1.28) and (33.67 ± 8.1) pg/ml, respectively (F = 24.062, P < 0.01); the IFN-γ were (247.37 ± 189.18), (43.82 ± 13.76), (81.32 ± 17.07), (86.50 ± 14.26) and (59.89 ± 34.17) pg/ml, respectively (F = 7.157, P < 0.01); the IL-5 in BALF were (38.81 ± 0.60), (80.48 ± 17.90), (45.11 ± 1.33), (43.39 ± 1.11) and (149.60 ± 45.87) pg/ml, respectively (F = 35.978, P < 0.01). Pathologic changes in lung of asthma rat groups were obvious. The lung pathologic changes in low and middle dose groups showed a significant improvement compared to the asthma group and high dosage group showed more serious pathologic changes compared to the low and middle dose groups.

CONCLUSIONIntervention with appropriate dose of 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) in the early life could improve lung pathologic changes and reduce the effect of inflammatory factors in air way of baby rat asthma model. However, overdose might play detrimental effect.

Animals ; Asthma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-5 ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Pneumonia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vitamin D ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

Comparative analysis of variable region ORF14/15 genes of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genome in Guangxi Penaeus vannamei (P. vannamei) could provide useful information for the evaluation of genetic diversity and genetic evolutionary relationship among WSSV isolates from Guangxi, China and other places. Based on geographical and temporal considerations, 40 WSSV-positive P. vannamei samples were collected during the period between May 2010 and July 2013 from Beihai, Qinzhou, and Fangchenggang, which were the main P. vannamei production areas in Guangxi, and the variable region ORF14/15 genes of the WSSV genome from all infected samples were amplified by PCR and then subjected to cloning and sequence analysis. Pairwise and multiple alignment analysis was then conducted to evaluate the degree of genetic divergence between different strains. The variable region ORF14/15 genes from 25 of 40 WSSV positive samples were successfully cloned and sequenced; among the ORF14/15 genes of 25 WSSV-positive strains, 22 was 619 bp in length and 3 was 620 bp. All the 25 Guangxi strains carried a 5949-bp deletion in the ORF14/15 region relative to TH-96-II, which has the longest nucleotide sequence in this region; the deletion of Guangxi strains occurred in the middle region of ORF14/15 gene, with only 190 bp and 429 bp/ 430 bp at 5' and 3' ends, respectively, which were coincident with WSSV-IN-05-I in deletion length and position. Sixteen of 25 Guangxi strains had completely identical nucleotide sequences in the variable re gion, and the homology between other strains also exceeded 97.9%. There were single nucleotide substi tution, deletion, and insertion in the ORF14/15 region of Guangxi strains compared with other strains in GenBank. In the phylogenetic tree based on WSSV variable region ORF14/15, the Guangxi strains were closely related and formed a separate branch with Indian strain IN-05-I, but far from other strains in GenBank. The ORF14/15 gene of WSSV isolates in cultured P. vannamei in Guangxi has a large deletion in the middle of the variable region, and the Guangxi WSSV strains show no significant spatio-temporal differences; the Guangxi strains are closer in genetics to Indian strain IN-05-I than other strains in GenBank.
Animals ; China ; Cloning, Molecular ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genomics ; Penaeidae ; virology ; Phylogeny ; White spot syndrome virus 1 ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the analgesic effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in mice with spared nerve injury (SNI).

METHODIL-2 was intraperitoneally injected in mice with induced SNI, and von Frey Filaments test and cold plate test were carried out to accesses the analgesic effects of IL-2 and the effect of naloxone in antagonizing the effects of IL-2.

RESULTSIL-2 produced analgesic effects against hyperalgesia and allodynia in mouse models of SNI, and the effect of IL-2 lasted for more than 24 h, showing a double-peak pattern in its action with the two peaks occurring at 30 and 105 min, respectively. The effect of IL-2 could be significantly antagonized by naloxone.

CONCLUSIONSIL-2 has long-lasting analgesic effects in mouse models of SNI model, showing a double-peak pattern of its action. The analgesic effect of IL-2 is probably mediated by opiate receptor.

Analgesics ; administration & dosage ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Interleukin-2 ; administration & dosage ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Naloxone ; pharmacology ; Trauma, Nervous System ; complications ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo develop and investigate GLL-37, a substitution analogue of the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 with anti-enzymatic degradation activity and improved efficacy.

METHODSThe bactericidal activities of LL-37 and newly developed GLL-37 against 6 Gram-negative and -positive bacteria were determined by Broth microdilution assays. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of LL-37 and GLL-37 against E.coli ATCC 25922 in different NaCl concentration medium were also detected. Both peptides were co-incubated with elastase, and then analyzed by PAGE electrophoresis and bactericidal activity determination.

RESULTGLL-37 showed a stronger elastase resistance ability than LL-37, and was significantly more effective than LL-37 under high-salt condition.

CONCLUSIONThe antimicrobial peptide GLL-37 derived form LL-37 has the potential as a new therapeutic agent for bacterial infections.

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Blood Bactericidal Activity ; drug effects ; Cathelicidins ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; drug effects ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Monocytes ; drug effects ; Pseudomonas Infections ; drug therapy

AIMTo determine whether the cardioprotection of ischemic postconditioning and heptanol in ischemic heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is mediated by gap junction.

METHODSThe effect of ischemic postconditioning, heptanol at different doses (0.03, 0.06, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/kg) and AAP10 (10 mg/kg) on the intact rat heart during 30 min ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion was observed. Ischemic postconditioning was achieved by 3 cycles of 10 s reperfusion/10 s regional ischemia starting at the beginning of the reperfusion. The infarct size and the arrhythmia scores were measured. The effect of ischemic postconditioning, heptanol at different doses (0.05, 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00 mmol/L) and AAP10 (1 x 10(-7)mol/L) on the isolated heart during 30 min ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion was observed. Ischemic postconditioning was achieved by 6 cycles of 10 s reperfusion/10 s global ischemia starting at the beginning of the reperfusion. The arrhythmia scores and conduction velocity of ventricle muscle were measured.

RESULTSIn the intact rat heart model, ischemic postconditioning and heptanol reduced infarct size and arrhythmia scores. In the Langendorff perfused rat heart model, ischemic postconditioning and heptanol reduced arrhythmia scores and conduction velocity of ventricle muscle. Administration of AAP10, an opener of gap junction attenuated the cardioprotection of ischemic postconditioning and heptanol.

CONCLUSIONThe cardioprotection of ischemic postconditioning and heptanol may be related to the attenuation of gap junction communication on myocardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Animals ; Gap Junctions ; physiology ; Heptanol ; pharmacology ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley