AIDS Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Animals ; HIV Infections ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal

Objective To study role of MDC/CCI22-CCR4 axis in mouse milky spots with peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer. Methods We examined the expression of CCR4 in 615 Mouse gastric cancer cell (MFC) lines by RT-PCR and Western-blot; Peritoneal metastasis model on the 615mouse was established by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml MFC cells(1×104 cells). Dil fluorescence was used to observe the transfer process and section of MFC. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect the expression of CCR4 and CCL22 in omental milky spot; the structure of Milky spot was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Mice were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely, the saline control group (received saline) and MFC group. The concentration of CCL22 in ascitic fluid was measured in the 615 mice injected MFC after 6,8,10 days and in the saline group. Results MFC first metastasizes to the milky spot on the omentum, the expression of CCR4 and CCL22 were observered in the milky spot. The surface layer cells in milky spot consisted of discontinuous mesothelial cells and mainly macrophages and lymphocytes. The average value of CCL22 was 43 pg/ml and 364 pg/ml respectively in saline control group and MFC group.Conclusions MDC/CCL22-CCR4 axis plays an important role in the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis in mouse gastric cancer.

Objective To assess the liver histopathological characteristics of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with alanine aminotransferase(ALT)lower than 2 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) through liver biopsy, and try to provide subjective evidence for clinical anti-viral treatment.Methods From October 2005 to August 2010, patients accepted liver biopsy in department of infectious disease, Sichuan provincial people's hospital were enrolled. The criteria for liver biopsy was as follow, (1) HBsAg-positive for more than 6 months, (2) HBeAg-positive patients with HBV DNA ≥103 copies/ml or HBeAg-negative patients with HBV DNA≥ 104copies/ml, (3) ALT was lower than 2 times ULN for more than 6 months,and without any hepatic protectants, (4) never accepted any antiviral treatment before, including IFN or nucleoside analogues, (5) willing to accept liver biopsy. Before liver biopsy, routine blood test, prothrombin time, liver function test, hepatitis B antigen and antibody test, HBV DNA quantification were examined. The biopsy position was located under routine ultrasound, liver biopsy were performed to assess the grading of inflammation and necrosis and the degree of fibrosis. The correlation between all the factors and liver inflammation and fibrosis were analyzed. Results Totally 383 cases (240 males and 143 females) met the diagnostic criteria, aged from 16 to 59 years old and the mean age was 28.0 years old. Cases of liver inflammation in G0, G1, G2, G3andG4 grade was 2 cases (0.5％), 165 cases (43.1％), 191 cases (49.9％), 25 cases (6.5 ％ ) and 0 cases (0 ％ ) respectively, cases≥G2 grade accounted 56.4 ％ of total. Meanwhile,stage of fibrosis in S0, S1, S2, S3 and S4 was 103 cases (26.9％), 265 cases (69. 2％), 13 cases (3.4％), 2 cases (0.5％) and 0 cases (0％) respectively, percentage of liver fibrosis in S2stage and over was only 3.9％. The occurrence of serious liver inflammation was associated with age, ALT levels, HBV DNA levels and HBeAg status (P＜0.05). There was no obvious association between HBV DNA level and liver fibrosis (P＞0.05). Conclusions There were obvious liver inflammation and different degree of liver fibrosis in CHB patients with alanine aminotransferase(ALT)lower than 2 times ULN. The degree of liver injury assessed by liver biopsys is recommended as an evaluation for the necessary of anti-viral therapy.

Objective To develop an intelligent cabinet with constant temperature and adjustable height,which is safer,more scientific and comfortable for heat preservation after surgical operation.Methods According to the demands of microscopic surgery we analyzed the disadvantages of existing equipment in order to seek new materials to solve the current problems.Results Using nanometer electric heating film to control temperature at 30～35 ℃ and adjust temperature in this range.Moreover debugging angle of stainless steel adjustable upholder at 0～45°.Conclusions Nanometer electric heating film is a kind of high safety,reliability and strong stability heating material and can be used for the microscopic surgery insulation.Adjustable lifting upholder makes limbs more comfortable with freely height.It shows that setting temperature at 30～31℃,angel value at 20～25°would be relatively suitable after our experiment.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and the detailed mechanisms of intraarterially delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs) for treatment of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats.Methods BMSCs were isolated,purified and amplified with the adherence culture method.BMSCs were labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine ( BrdU ) (10 μmol/L) for 48 h before transplation.Surface antigens of CD90,CD29,CD106,CD34,CD45,CD11b were identified by flow cytometry.The MCAO model was established with suture emboli method.In this study,3×106 BMSCs were injected into rats with MCAO through intraarterial route at day 7 after stroke.The effects on functional and physical recovery were assessed with the behavioral tests (mNSS test and adhesive test) and body weight.Bielshowsky-Luxol Fast Blue double staining was used to demonstrate the reconstruction of axon and myelin.The Brdu-labeled BMSCs in vitro and in vivo were detected with direct immunofluorescent staining.The expression of neuron specific enolase ( NSE),neurite outgrowth inhibitor-A ( Nogo-A),synaptophysin (SYN),ki-67 nuclear antigen (Ki-67),glial fibrillary acid protein( GFAP),vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) in brain were analyzed with immunohistochemical staining.Results Flow cytometry indicated that the positive rates of high expression of CD90,CD29,CD106 in BMSCs were respectively 91.70%,88.40% and 52.20%.Meanwhile,the positive rates of low expression of CD34,CD45,CD11b in BMSCs were 2.70%,5.65% and 7.82%,respectively.There was a significant difference in behavioral tests ( mNSS test and adhesive test) between BMSCs group and PBS group at day 21,28,35 after MCAO (mNSS:4.89 ±1.36,7.00 ±1.67,3.78 ±1.30 and 6.33 ±1.21,2.44 ±1.13,5.67 ± 1.51;t =2.69,3.83,4.75;adhesive test:54.00 ± 10.48,68.17 ± 11.09,36.89 ±9.80 and 59.33 ± 12.40,23.44 ± 9.04,46.50 ±9.38;t =2.51,3.92,4.77;P ＜0.05).Meanwhile,a significant difference in body weight was discovered between them at day 28,35 after MCAO.In BMSCs group,the area of corpus callosum in the ipsilateral hemisphere was significantly enlarged,the positive number of Brdu,SYN,Ki-67,GFAP,VEGF in brain was significantly increased,the expression of Nogo-A in brain was significantly decreased,nevertheless,the number of NSE-positive cells in brain and the infarct volume were not significant different from PBS group at day 35 after MCAO.Conclusions These results suggest that intra-arterial transplantation of BMSCs is an efficient treatment protocol for stroke.Treatment with BMSCs increases endogenous cells proliferation,angiogenesis,synaptogenesis,enhances axonal regeneration and the protective function of astrocytes,all of which may contribute to neurological functional recovery.

Objective To evaluate the effect of transurethral feedback microwave thermotherapy with the ProstaLund CoreTherm Device(PLFT) in high risk patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Methods Sixty-six high risk patients diagnosed with BPH, including aged ≥80 in 32 pa-tients, hypertension in 31 patients, diabetes in 5 patients, heart failure in 8 patients, chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease in 8 patients, cerebral infarction in 11 patients, fracture, amputation or joint stiffness unsuitable for lithotomy position in 3 patients, abnormal blood coagulation in 4 patients, pan-creatitis in 2 patients, cardiac arrhythmia in 6 patients and malignant tumor in 3 patients, were treated with PLFT using individual power at urethral local anesthesia, resulting in coagulation necrosis in 15%-30% of prostate tissue around urethra. Meanwhile, real-time monitoring the temperature of prostate and the tissue around it was used. All patients were evaluated by comparing volume of pros-tate, maximal urinary flow (Q_max), international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life questionnaire (QOL) in pre-treatment and three months after respectively. Results All of patients well tolerated PLFT. There was bleeding lightly, infection lightly and temporary incontinence. There was no severe surgical complication. After three months, the volume of prostate reduced from 62. 2 ml to 44.5 ml; IPSS decreased from 23. 4 to 11.7; QOL decreased from 4.5 to 2.4; Q_max rised from 4, 2 ml/s to 11.2 ml/s. All differences reached significance. Conclusion PLFT is one of effective and safe treatments for patients with BPH especial BPH complicating with severe conditions.

Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of vascularized pisiform transfer for patients with Kienb(o)ck's disease in Lichtman stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Methods Eleven patients were reviewed to analyze results after lunate resection and vascularized pisiform transfer for Lichtman stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ. There were six men and five women. Age ranged from 20 to 67 years with a average of 41.0±14.3 years. According to Lichtman stage. There were 4 cases in stage Ⅲa, 5 cases in stage Ⅲb, and 2 cases in stage Ⅳ. Assessment criteria included subjective assessment of pain, visual analogue scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM), grip power,Cooney wrist score and radiographic changes on each follow-up visit. The radiographic changes including pis iform bone location, shape, sclerosis change, osteoarthritis, carpal height ratio, Nattrass index, Radioscaphoid angle and ulnar variance were recorded. Results The follow-up periods of all of cases were 61-202 months,with an average of 104.1 months. Pain had improved in 10 patients and disappeared in 7 cases. The VAS score was 2.2±1.9 at follow-up visit. Range of motion of injured wristw as only 65.3% of opposite side. Grip power was 84.3% of the contralateral hand. According to Cooney score, the results were excellent in 1 case, good in 7cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 1 case, with the excellent and good rate of 72.7%. Radiologically, 8 cases had normal position of the pisiform bone, 2 had volar displacement and 1 had ulnar displacement which leaded to widen scaphopisiform space. Six pisiform bones had normal trabecular structure, three had degenerative changes. Bone sclerosis was seen in 2 cases and osteoarthritis was found in 3 patients. Compared with radiographic parameter before surgery, carpal height ratio and Nattrass index significantly lowered and radioscaphoid angle significantly increased. Conclusion Lunate resection and vascularized pisiform transfer is an effective method for Kienb(o)k′s disease in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Although carpal collapse appeared postoperatively,the results show high patient satisfaction and good function after vascularized bone transplantation.

Objective To explore an effective method for enhancing basic clinical skill of students.Methods Selective course of basic clinical skill was launched for the fourth grade clinical medicine students by using simulation-based medical education (SBME).Elective courses have 21 class hours,involving 15 items of basic clinical skills in internal medicine,surgery and nursing.Training methods include preparation,explanation,demonstration,operation,group competition,examination and questionnaire.Selective course examination includes class activation and final examination,accounting for 20％ and 80％ of the final scores,respectively.Scores were classified into A (excellent),B (good) and C (moderate) levels.Scores and questionnaire data were processed by Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software and percentages of score and questionnaire feedback were calculated.Results Results suggested that the scores of 70％ students were more than 90.Results of questionnaire indicated that the basic clinical skills of 76.6％ of the students were improved a lot.79.2％ considered that it was useful for their clinical practices.Conclusion Clinical-skill course based on SBME is conducive to enhancing basic clinical skills of students.

Trachoma, a contagious keratoconjunctivitis ( KC ) , caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection, is rife in 57 countries in the world at present. The World Health Organization ( WHO) listed the global alliance to eliminate blinding trachoma by 2020 as one of top priorities of its blindness prevention in 1998. A simplified classification system for identifying and naming trachoma, designated by WHO, and the SAFE strategy based on community intervention were extended continuously in the world in 10 years since then. The trachoma prevalence trend has showed a change compared with that in the past. China has launched the blindness prevention action, aimed to eliminate blinding trachoma by 2016. In this paper, we reviews progress in diagnosis, treatment and epidemic of trachoma since the extension of the SAFE strategy.