To investigate the time dependent features and mechanisms of c fos expression in neurons after brain injury in mice. Using the mice model of severe traumatic brain injury, c fos expression in neurons was observed at different time points after trauma with the molecular hybridization and immunohistochemistry staining. A c fos expression process in neurons occurred after severe brain injury, peaking at 1 hour. Another expression peak appeared 24 hours later. Fos positive neurons were observed in the cerebral cortex of injured hemisphere, especially in Ⅱ Ⅳ layers. The c fos gene expression after brain injury in neuron has two peaks. c fos gene expression may be caused by Leao’s spreading depression, and may be associated with cell signal transduction and neuron apoptosis.

Through a retrospective clinical analysis of 3160 cases of severe cranio cerebral injury ( SCCI ), the aim of this study is to explore effective treatments to increase cure rate for this injury. The causes and types of trauma, operation modalities,and prognosis were reviewed. The main causes resulting in SCCI were traffic accidents and fall from a height. The main types of SCCI were subdural, extradural and multiple intracranial hematomas. The main signs and symptoms were unconsciousness, pyramidal signs and pupil changes. The rate of cure and improvement was 73 6%. The mortality rate was 19 4%. Early diagnosis and timely operation, maintenance of patency of the respiratory tract, brain protection during operation, and competent ICU care after operation were important measure to achieve good recovery of SCCI patients.

Abstract: Objective　To observe the expression of peripheral blood stimulating molecules CD80 and CD86 in children with severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and to analyze the relationship between them and the therapeutic effects of children. Methods　The clinical data of 252 children with severe HFMD treated in Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2017 to March 2021 were collected retrospectively. All children were treated with standardized treatment and the therapeutic effects was evaluated. The baseline data and laboratory test results of children were recorded, and the positive rates of CD80 and CD86 cells in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the above indexes and the therapeutic effects of children. The receiver operating curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the value of the above indicators in predicting the therapeutic effects of children. Results　After standardized treatment, 48 children were ineffective, and 204 children were effective; the levels of serum CD80 [(2.28±0.84)% vs (2.12±0.33 )%] and CD86 [(3.35±0.96)% vs (2.23±0.41)%] in children were significantly lower than those at admission (t=2.851, 16.991; P<0.05). The levels of blood lactic acid, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), CD80 and CD86 at admission in the ineffective group were significantly higher than those of the effective group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the overexpression of serum CRP (OR=10.929), MMP-9 (OR=1.926), CD80 (OR=3.943) and CD86 (OR=1.947) at admission might be the risk factors of ineffective (all P<0.05). The results of the goodness of fit test for the model showed that, the goodness of fit was high (χ2=6.245, P=0.620); the model collinearity results showed that the variance inflation factors (VIF) values of each variable were <2, and there was no collinearity among the main indicators; the results of the individual independence test for the model showed that Durbin-Watson statistics (D-W)=0.279 and there was poor mutual independence among main indicators. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC) of serum CD80 at admission in predicting the therapeutic effects of children was 0.762, the cut-off value was 2.390%, and the specificity, sensitivity and Youden index were 0.598, 0792 and 0.390 respectively; the AUC predicted by CD86 was 0.739, the cut-off value was 3.280%, and the specificity, sensitivity and Youden index were 0.510, 0.896 and 0.406 respectively; the AUC by combined prediction was 0.823, and the specificity, sensitivity and Youden index were 0.696, 0.833 and 0.529 respectively. Conclusions　Peripheral blood stimulating molecules CD80 and CD86 are involved in the progression of HFMD. Their overexpression may suggest a high risk of treatment ineffectiveness in children with severe HFMD. Early dynamic monitoring of the expression of serum CD80 and CD86 has a certain predictive value for the therapeutic effect of children.

Boxing/injuries* ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages

Adult ; Atrioventricular Block ; complications ; Cardiomyopathies ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Sarcoidosis ; complications ; diagnosis

Humans ; Male ; Scrotum/injuries* ; Testis/injuries*

Aged ; Diastole ; Female ; Humans ; Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial ; physiopathology ; therapy

Objective To investigate the effect of patient positioning on the Duplex ultrasound evaluation of great saphenous vein reflux elicited by the pneumatic cuff method. Methods FFifty great saphenous veins (GSV) with relfux (relfux group) and iffteen with no prior history of venous disease (healthy group) were examined by duplex scanning in the supine, 20 degrees reverse-trendelenburg (RT-20), 40 degrees reverse-trendelenburg (RT-40) and standing position. Each GSV was assessed for relfux at three venous sites:two centimeter below the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ), the greater saphenous vein in the mid thigh (MGV) and the greater saphenous vein in the upper calf (CGV). Pneumatic cuff compression pressure of conifned 100 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) was used onto the calf to elicit relfux. The incidence of positive venous relfux was calculated. The statistical differences of the peak relfux velocity and duration of relfux in four positions were analyzed. Results TThe relfux elicited in the standing position was set as the gold standard. In healthy group, there was no false positive results of relfux in supine, RT-20 and RT-40 positions. In relfux group, false negative results were found at all venous sites when limbs were examined in supine position [false negative rate:59%(19/32), 22%(11/50), 24%(12/50)]. At RT-20 and RT-40 positions, the incidence of venous relfux reached 100% at MGV and CGV, and false negative cases were only detected at SFJ [false negative rate:12%(4/32), 12%(4/32)]. The relfux time in standing, supine, RT-20 and RT-40 positions were (7.75±3.23) s, (5.27±3.66) s, (8.67±3.72) s, (8.55±3.93) s respectively. There were signiifcant differences among different positions in reflux time (F=56.9, P<0.01). In detail, no significant differences were identified between standing position and RT-20 or RT-40 position (q=1.51, 1.33 respectively, both P > 0.05), except for supine position (q=4.11, P<0.01). Peak relfux velocity in standing, supine, RT-20 and RT-40 positions were (55.26±22.24) cm/s, (22.87±12.03) cm/s, (38.46±16.30) cm/s, (45.13±19.21) cm/s respectively. There were also signiifcant differences among different positions in peak relfux velocity (F=13.7, P<0.01). Comparing the supine, RT-20 and RT-40 positions with standing position, differences of the peak relfux velocity between them were all statistically signiifcant (q=12.71, 6.59, 3.98 respectively, all P<0.01). Conclusions When GSV reflux was examined by pneumatic cuff compression, false negative rate was higher in the supine position. RT-20 and RT-40 position were effective to detect GSV relfux, espically for GSV at mid-thigh and upper calf.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between intervertebral disc pressure and clinical efficacy after the minimally invasive treatment of cervical disc herniation. MethodsForty-seven patients with cervical disc herniation treated by disc radiofrequency ablation, and monitored the intervertebral disc pressure after that. Moreover, the correlation between the pressure and the clinical efficacy was observed. ResultsAll cases were successfully completed under pressure monitoring. Forty-seven cases underwent a follow-up of 1-25 months,according to JOA score,using postoperative improvement rate (Hirabashi formula) to assess the clinical efficacy. High efficacy in 25 cases,fine efficacy in 19 cases,good efficacy in 3 cases,high and fine efficacy rate was 93.6％ (44/47). The postoperative intervertebral discpressure was significantly correlated with improvement rate after cervical minimally invasive surgery (P ＜0.05). ConclusionsRadiofrequency ablation treatment of cervical disc herniation is safe and effective minimally invasive technique. If the pressure in the postoperative intervertebral disc is 3 kPa,it will get better prognosis.

[Summary] The aim of this study was to examine the association between obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome ( OSAHS ) and microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. We found that severe OSAHS significantly increases the risk of early renal damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with HbA1C<7% ( lowest oxygen saturation:OR=2. 41, 95% CI 1. 19-8. 08; apnea hyponea index: OR=2. 91, 95% CI 1. 50-9. 11), suggesting that OSAHS may increase the risk for early renal damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in those with successful control of glucose.