BACKGROUND: Rats model of kidney transplantation are common used in the research of organ transplantation and kidney associated diseases. However,the existed modeling methods have various problems in transplanting time or transplantation effect. OBJECTIVE: To establish a lateral kidney transplantation model with simplity,safty,and high success rate. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: The analysis experiment of animal model was performed at the Department of Urology,Fudan University between March and June,2008. MATERIALS: 60 Wistar rats and 60 Sprague Dawley rats were selected as donors and recipients,respectively. METHODS: The left kidney graft was transplanted heterotopically into the left infrarenal position,to perform donor abdominal aorta and left renal vein end-to-side anastomoses to the recipient abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. The ureter of kidney allograft was inserted into bladder traced by 5-0 needle. Bilateral native kidneys nephrectomy of the recipient was performed immediately. The operation time and survival rate were measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Transplanting time,warm ischemia time,cold ischemia time,arteriovenous anastomosis and operation time,graft failure rate and reason,survival rates. RESULTS: The operation cost 100-140 minutes. The warm ischemia time was about 8-10 seconds,while the cold ischemia time was 40-60 minutes. Operation achievement ratio is 85%. Reasons of failures were analysed as follows: stenosis of the anastomotic stoma and thrombosis (6.67%),hemorrhage of the anastomotic stoma (5%),infection (1.67%),and unknown reason (1.67%). CONCLUSION: The establish method with advantages of convenience and reliability,which can notably shortened time of warm ischemia of the graft and urinary tract reconstruction and decreased complications.

Objectives To observe the anesthetic effects of an improved anesthetic method on goat by comparing with the original method, and to provide theoretical and practical reference for anesthesia during the establishment of goat models.Methods A total of 72 goats were selected to make tibial fracture models, 36 were enrolled as group A and others as group B.The group A was injected with Sumianxin and diazepam.The group B was injected with Sumianxin, diazepam and pumped propofol by intravenous pump.The times of animal struggle, total dose of additional Sumianxin, death rate, and recovery time were evaluated.Results The death rate of group A was 16.67% and there was no death in the group B.The times of struggle, the total dose of additional Sumianxin and the recovery time of the group A were higher than group B, showing a significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusions The improved anesthetic method can decrease the times of goat struggle times, reduce the dose of anaesthetics, and lower the death rate.

ObjectiveTo study the correlation between contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features and Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) in patients with breast carcinoma. Methods The ultrasound features and microvascular imaging manifestation of 91 breast carcinomas confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.NPI was typically stratified into 3 major groups:NPI ＜ 3.4 ( n =19 ), NPI:3.4-5.4 ( n =52 ) and NPI ＞5.4(n =21 ). Results With the increase of NPI, the rate of heterogeneous enhancement, perfusion defects, edge enhancement higher than center enhancement, and unclear border increased.The difference among the 3 groups had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in enhancement order among the 3 groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The lesions of the 3 groups were mainly “high enhancement” and there was no significant difference among the 3 groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).With the increase of NPI, the rate of early enhancement and late regression increased.The difference among the 3 groups had statistical significance ( P ＜ 0.05 ).With the increase of NPI, the rate of enlarged and twisted vessels as well as peripheral vessel burr increased.There was significant difference among the 3 groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionCEUS festures and microvescular architecture pattern of breast carcinoma are related to NPI, which is useful in predicating the prognosis of breast carcinoma.

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication after cataract surgery.How to prevent and treat PCO is an urgent problem we need to solve at present.Non-coding RNA(ncRNA) is a kind of RNA, which can not encode proteins.Studies have shown that non-coding RNA is closely related to the occurrence and development of human diseases.This paper has collected the progress of research on different kinds of ncRNA in PCO and may raise new ideas and methods on the prevention and treatment of PCO.

Objective To explore the relative factors with the accidents in the cerebral palsy rehabilitation wards, and preventive measures.Methods The accident cases in the rehabilitation wards were recorded respectively.Results There was a relationship between the rehabilitated patient's accident and their parents, the patients themselves, the surroundings and the staff's consciousness of safety.Conclusion Building the safe management organization, strengthening the safety health education, promoting the surroundings in the wards and training for the staff can reduce the accident rate effectively in the rehabilitation wards.

ObjectiveTo study the characteristic findings on MRI in children surviving premature delivery with cerebral palsy.MethodsThe clinical data and MR imaging in 16 cases surviving premature delivery with cerebral palsy was retrospectively analyzed, compared with 16 healthy and age-matched controls.Results16 cases were final diagnosed as cerebral palsy with spstic diplegia. MRI features of children surviving premature delivery with cerebral palsy included abnormally high signal intensity in the periventricula white matter on T2WI, marked loss of periventricular deep white matter, ventriculomegaly with or without irregular ventricular outline and atrophy of the corpus callossum. These features were consistent with periventricular leukomalacia(PVL).ConclusionPVL was the characteristic findings on MRI in children surviving premature delivery with cerebral palsy. The characteristic findings of PVL was useful in determining the etiology and type of cerebral palsy in children.

Objectives To investigate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in interleu-kin-15 (IL-15) and treatment response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods Genomic DNA samples extracted from remission bone marrow cells of ALL patients were genotyped by MassArray. Five SNPs (rs10519612, rs10519613, rs17007695, rs17015014 and rs35964658) in IL-15 and their association to minimal residual disease (MRD) status in the end of induction therapy were studied. Results SNP rs17007695 was associated with the early response in children with ALL(P=0.049) and the incidence of positive MRD after induction therapy in CC genotype carriers was 1.8 times more than that in TT genotype carriers. Haplotype analysis of these five SNPs showed that the frequency of haplotype CACGG in MRD positive group was 2.1 times higher than that in MRD negative group (P=0.035). Conclusions IL-15 gene polymorphism was associated with the early treatment response in Han Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leuke-mia.

The purpose of the study was to observe the effect of rapamycin (RAPA) on the differentiation and maturation of rat bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. BMDCs from Wistar rats were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin-4 in the presence or absence of RAPA (20 ng/mL), and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h before cells and supernatants were collected. Surface phenotype of BMDCs was flow-cytometrically detected to determine the expression of maturation markers, MHC class II and CD86. Supernatants were analyzed for the production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma cytokines by using ELISA. BMDCs were co-cultured with T cells from Lewis rats and mixed lymphocyte reaction was assessed by MTT method. The morphology of BMDCs stimulated with LPS remained immature after RAPA pretreatment. RAPA significantly decreased the CD86 expression, impaired the IL-12 and IFN-gamma production of BMDCs stimulated with LPS, and inhibited the proliferation of allogeneic T cells. In conclusion, RAPA can inhibit the maturation of BMDCs stimulated with LPS in terms of the morphology, surface phenotype, cytokine production, and ability of BMDCs to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in vitro.

Background The construction of tissue-engineered corneal endothelium needs the functional seeding cells,so how to culture a large amount of functional corneal endothelial cells (CECs) is an urgent problem to be solved.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of aqueous humor on bovine CECs in vitro.Methods Aqueous humor of 1.2 ml was collected from the anterior chamber of bovine and sterilized,and the liquid supernatant was obtained.The bovine CECs were isolated from bovine cornea and then cultured in low glucose Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium with 10％ fetal bovine serum (FBS) in vitro.Aqueous humor was added into the medium with the final concentration of 2.5％,5.0％,l0.0％,15.0％ and 20.0％,respectively,and no aqueous humor was added in the control group.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the absorbency value of CECs for the evaluation of cell proliferation.Progression of the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM).After confluence of the cells was reached,1 ml plastic spear tip was used to scratch the cell single layer,and the cells were incubated consequently in medium with 10％ FBS and with or without aqueous humor for 24 hours.Healing area of the cell single layer was measured.The cells were incubated at a density of 6 × 105 cells/ml and cultured using medium with or without 10.0％ aqueous human for 5 days,and the number of the cells was analyzed by DAPI fluorescence technique.Results Under the phase-contrast microscopy,the confluent CECs showed a slabstone-like and hexagonal appearance.CCK-8 assay revealed that the absorbance values of CECs was significantly different among the various culture groups (F=4.051,P =0.007),and the absorbance value in different concentrations of aqueous human culture groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).FCM showed that the percentage of the cells in S-G2 phases was (34.80-±3.13)％ in the 10.0％ aqueous humors group and (23.06±1.13)％ in the control group,showing a significant difference (t =-5.729,P=0.005).The scratch test showed that the healing area of the cell signal layer was (0.116±0.019) mm2 in the 10.0％ aqueous humors group and (0.358 ±0.049) mm2 in the control group,showing a significant difference (t =13.842,P =0.000).The density of cells in the 10.0％ aqueous humor group was (1439± 1 10)/field,which was more than (1162±45)/field in the control group (t =-11.020,P=0.000).Conclusions Aqueous humor at the concentration of 10.0％ promote the growth and proliferation of bovine CECs.The result suggests that 10.0％ aqueous humor can be used as a promoting agent during the culture of CECs.

Objective To assess the predictive value of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping and enzyme activity in relation to side effects in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who were treated with azathioprine (AZA). Methods One hundred and eleven IBD patients (26 with ulcerative colitis and 86 with Cronh's disease) with indication of AZA administration between April 2004 and Dec. 2009 were enrolled. All patients received 2 mg/kg of AZA daily. Polymerase chain reaction and high performance liquid chromatography were used to genotype the TPMT * 2, * 3A, * 3B, * 3C and to detect TPMT activity, respectively. The association of TPMT genotype and activity with side effects was analyzed in patients treated with AZA for 24 weeks or more, or in those discontinued AZA because of adverse effects. Results Adverse effects were reported in 38(33. 9%) patients, the most frequent being myelosuppression (20. 5%). The frequency of TPMT * 3C heterozygous mutation was 0. 9% (1/112). The TPMT activity was (12. 9±4. 8) U/ml RBC with unimodal distribution. One patient with TPMT * 3C heterozygous mutation developed myelosuppression at the 4th week after AZA treatment. The TPMP genotype myelosuppression patients. Conclusions TPMT genotype mutation and low enzyme activity can be used to predict myelosuppression with high specifically and low sensitivity. In patients treated with AZA, co-administration of 5-ASA results in a high frequency of myelosuppression with no effect on TPMT activity.