The culture medium and cultural conditions of solid-state fermentation of Streptomyces Menmyco-93-63 were tested in this study. The suitable medium which contains rice, sorghum, millet bran, and rice hull with the proportion of 2:2:3:3 was developed for the spore production of Streptomyces Men-myco-93-63 using single substrate screening, mixture substrate screening and orthogonal experiments, and the sporulation was up to 2.52?109 CFU/g. And then, initial charge, initial ratio of water to solid, inoculating quantity, and culture temperature impact to sporulation of Streptomyces Men-myco-93-63 were tested. The favorite cultural conditions are developed as the following: the initial charge is 15 g in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask; initial ratio of water to solid is 1.7:1.0 (V/W, rice hull excluding), inoculating quantity is 7 mL, culture temperature is 28℃.

Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; instrumentation ; methods ; Pyonephrosis ; surgery ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment on hand burn, and to make a cost-effectiveness analysis.

METHODSSixty-two patients with ninety-eight affected hands were divided into rehabilitation group (32 cases, 48 hands) and control group (30 cases, 50 hands). Patients in rehabilitation group received comprehensive rehabilitation treatment at early stage after burn; patients in control group were given instructions for function training at the same time. The functions of the hands to be restored including grasp, hold, pinch, nip, forearm pronation and supination, fetching, laying, and writing abilities of patients in both groups were quantitatively evaluated with Carroll's upper extremity function test before treatment and 5 months after. Direct medical costs of patients in both groups within 5 months were respectively added up to make a cost-effectiveness analysis.

RESULTSIn rehabilitation group, function of digital opposition, palmar opposition, holding, and pinching of 37 hands recovered well, with which patients could pick food, put on clothes, go to toilet, and self-care etc. independently. Function of digital opposition, palmar opposition, holding, pinching half recovered in 7 hands, accompanied with well recovered of metacarpophalangeal function, but recovery of function of interphalangeal joint was less satisfactory. Although patients could grasp and hold, they were still poor in fine and harmonized activities. Joint ranges of motion of 4 hands were poor with limited function, and this was resulted from not strictly following treatment for remaining granulation wound. In control group, 23 hands received reconstructive surgery, 14 of them recovered with good function, but were poor in most of fine and harmonized activities. Severe claw hands were found in 13 hands. The ratio between total mean cost value and total function increment value in rehabilitation group (181 +/- 11) was obviously lower than that in control group (298 +/- 30, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSComprehensive rehabilitation treatment at early stage after hand burn has a good effect on prevention and treatment of hand deformity, promoting recovery of hand function and improving hand appearance. It is also less costly.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; rehabilitation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Hand Injuries ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rehabilitation ; economics ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutical effects of crossing anastomosis of nerve on the peripheral and central nerve injuries.

METHODSTwelve kinds of central and peripheral nerve disorders and their complications were treated with 11 kinds of crossing anastomosis of nerve bundles near the innervated organs. After nerve injury and repair, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing studies were used to investigate the rabbit's nerve function and morphology.

RESULTSThe ulcers of all patients healed. Sensation, voluntary movement, and joint function recovered. Four weeks after the anastomosis of distal stump of radialis superficialis nerve and median nerve, pain sensation regained and SEPs appeared. HRP retrograde tracing studies demonstrated sensory nerve ending of medial nerve formed new connection with the body of neuron.

CONCLUSIONCrossing anastomosis of nerve is an effective method to treat peripheral and central nerve injuries.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Animals ; Central Nervous System ; injuries ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nerves ; surgery ; Rabbits ; Trauma, Nervous System ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To study the fundus diseases that primary and middle school students may be susceptible to suffer, and to understand the prevalence rate and constituent ratio of these diseases. Methods A total of 9 504 students were examined from November 2015 to February 2017 to find out their ocular fundus conditions. They were from all the primary and secondary schools directly subordinate to Dagang Oilfield headquarters. Among the 9 504 participants 4 998 were male and 4 506 were female,with the age span of 5 to 23 and the average age of(13.40±3.41).Our medical examination included uncorrected visual acuity examination and fundus oculi photography. The distribution of fundus diseases was analyzed,including gender,vision acuity and age composition of patients with major diseases. Results Among the 9 504 students,4 314 had emmetropic eyes,and 5 190 had refractive errors.A total of 9 126 out of the 9 504 examined students had normal ocular fundus(96.02%),while those with abnormal ocular fundus accounted for 378(3.98%).The main types of abnormal ocular fundus included the tessellation fundus 354 (3.72%), followed by the large depression of optic disk 16 (0.17%). Among all the 354 cases with tessellation fundus, 179 were male and 175 were female. There were 257 students whose visual acuity≤0.3/0.3,and the prevalence was higher in 17-19 years old students(5.86%).Conclusion It has been revealed in this epidemiological survey that the main abnormal ocular fundus of primary and middle school students in Dagang is tessellation fundus.Most of the tessellation fundus are caused by middle and high myopia,and very few are found in emmetropic students. It has also been found that the incidence of tessellation fundus increases significantly with the increase of age. The large depression of optic disk ranks the second in the abnormal ocular fundus, which is mostly physiological.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficiency and safety of dasatinib in Chinese patients (pts) with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase (CP), accelerated-phase (AP) or blast-phase (BP) who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib (IM).

METHODS119 CML pts received dasatinib 100 mg once daily for pts in CP or 70 mg twice daily for pts in AP/BP. The hematologic/cytogenetic response, progression-free-survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse effects (AE) of the pts were assessed.

RESULTS59 pts in CP, 25 in AP and 35 in BP received dasatinib treatment. The median duration of dasatinib treatment were 19.32, 20.99 and 3.22 months respectively. Complete hematologic response (CHR), major cytogenetic response (MCyR) and complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) were achieved by 91.5%, 50.8% and 42.4% of pts in CP respectively. The median times to achieving MCyR was 12.1 weeks. None of the pts in CP achieved MCyR progressed or died till to last follow-up. CHR and major hematologic response (MaHR) were achieved by 52.0% and 84.0% of pts in AP, respectively. The median time to CHR and MaHR were 16.0 and 12.1 weeks, respectively. 10 pts in AP achieved MCyR and 9 of them were CCyR. The median duration of PFS was 25.7 months for pts in AP. For 35 pts in BP, the rates of CHR and MaHR were 17.1% and 31.4% respectively. Both of the median time to CHR and MaHR were 12.1 weeks and median time of duration of MaHR was 11.2 months. 8 pts in BP achieved MCyR and the median time of duration of MCyR was 13.2 months. The median duration of PFS and OS for the pts in BP were 4.3 and 16.7 months respectively. Grade 3-4 of hematologic AEs related to dasatinib were frequent but manageable by dose interruption/reduction or supportive care. 52.5% and 61.0% of pts in CP experienced grade 3-4 of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. More than 80% pts in AP/BP occurred grade 3-4 cytopenia. The common non-hematologic AEs related to dasatinib were including grade 1-2 pleural effusion, headache, pneumonia and diarrhea. The frequency of non-hematologic AE was higher in pts with AP/BP than in pts with CP.

CONCLUSIONChinese pts with CML resistant or intolerant to IM treated by dasatinib can achieve relatively sustained hematologic and even cytogenetic remission and are well tolerated.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Benzamides ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Dasatinib ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Piperazines ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Pyrimidines ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Thiazoles ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the origin and differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

METHODSImmunohistochemistry staining and electron microscopy were adopted.

RESULTSIn 212 cases of primary GISTs, the positive rates of CD117, CD34, alpha-SMA, MSA, desmin, S-100, PGP9.5 were 96.7%, 77.3%, 19.3%, 15.6%, 1.9%, 16.3%, and 12.3% respectively. Among them, GISTs showed a diffuse and strong positivity for CD117. Electron microscopy of tumor cells demonstrated numerous mitochondria, prominent perinuclear Golgi complex, smooth and rough endoplasmical reticulum and intermediate filaments. Irregular caveolae, dense plaque, incontinuous basal lamina were observed occasionally. Cytoplasmic processes were often observed accompanying with local adhesion present between the processes or between the processes and the cell membrane.

CONCLUSIONSData from both immunophenotype and electron microscopy suggest that GIST might originate from the mesenchymal cells, differentiating to be ICC afterwards, and possessing myoid characteristics in various extent.

Cell Differentiation ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Golgi Apparatus ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Electron ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; analysis ; S100 Proteins ; analysis ; Stromal Cells ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate various kinds of sequences and modified dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI methods in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.

METHODSForty-nine pancreatic carcinoma patients proved by histopathology or clinical examination and follow-up underwent MR examination. Plain MR sequences included: T1-weighted 2D FLASH, T1 WI 3D VIBE, TSE T2 WI and HASTE with FS. Modified dynamic contrast-enhanced scanning procedures were coronal scaning with 3D FLASH and axial scaning using T1 WI 3D VIBE sequences in turn for the upper abdominal area and pancreatic area. The coronal imaging were used to obtain 3D peripancreatic vessels during arterial phase and portal vein phase scanning, respectively. The axial imaging were used to detect the tumor in pancreatic parenchymal phase and delayed phase scanning, respectively. Final scanning for the whole upper abdomen was performed using T1 WI 2D FLASH axial sequence.

RESULTS(1) Of 49 lesions in these patients, 45 showed hypo-intensity and 4 iso-intensity on 3D VIBE. Forty-six lesions showed hypo-intensity and 3 isointensity on 2D FLASH. On TSE T2 + FS, lesion contour was not clear enough; 3 of them displayed isointensity, the other showed iso- or hyper-intensity. (2) During pancreatic parenchymal phase, 48 lesions showed hypo-intensity and 39 ring enhancement. Twenty-four lesions displayed marginal tubercle and inner compartment enhancement during portal vein and delayed phase. Six lesions showed iso- or hyper-intensity in delayed phase. (3) Thirty-seven patients underwent surgical exploration. MRI and MRA had a good correlation with surgical findings for peripancreatic vessels which were diagnosed as being invasive or noninvasive by tumors except three superior mesenteric arteries and four superior mesenteric veins being misdiagnosed.

CONCLUSIONAs"one-stop-shop" MRI examination, modified MRI sequences consisting of dynamic coronal and axial contrast-enhanced scanning is feasible and helpful in diagnosing, staging and assessing the resectability for pancreatic carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; secondary ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance ; Female ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlations between MELD score and left ventricular function in patients with end-stage liver disease.

METHODSA total of 92 patients who prepared for orthotopic liver transplantation from January 2002 to May 2008 were enrolled in this study. Of these Patients, 75 were males and 17 were females, and the mean age was 50.3+/-9.5 years; 85 were cirrhosis, 7 were cirrhosis with primary liver cancer. Preoperative information, including biochemical parameters, coagulation parameters, indicators of hepatitis virology, two-dimensional echocardiography and electrocardiogram were collected. According to MELD (the Model for End-stage Liver Disease) scoring system, these subjects were categorized into three groups: MELD score is less than or equal to 9 points (31 cases, 33.7%); 10 is less than or equal to MELD score is less than or equal to 19 points (45 cases, 48.9%); MELD score is more than or equal to 20 points (16 cases, 17.4%). The relationships between MELD score and classification and cardiac function were determined by chi-square test, analysis of variance, rank sum test and correlation analysis, et al.

RESULTSMELD score was significantly correlated with left atrial diameter (LAD), interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), aortic flow (AF), cardiac output (CO), QRS interval (QRSI) and corrected QT interval (QTc) (r = 0.317, 0.341, 0.228, 0.387, 0.325, 0.209 and 0.347, respectively; P value less than 0.01, respectively); except QRSI, these variables and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) were also correlated with INR (a MELD component) (r = 0.282, 0.319, 0.322, 0.435, 0.275, 0.320 and 0.237, respectively; P value less than 0.01, respectively); LAD, LVEDD, AF, CO and QTc were correlated with serum total bilirubin (r = 0.241, 0.219, 0.357, 0.246 and 0.253, respectively; P value less than 0.05, respectively); IVST and E/A ratio (A blood flow [from left atrium to left ventricular] velocity ratio between early diastole [E wave] and late diastole[A wave] ) were correlated with serum creatinine (r = 0.216 and -0.343; P value less than 0.05 and 0.01); the proportion of E/A is less than or equal to 1 in all subjects was 46.7% (43/92), and 48.4% (15/31), 35.6% (16/45) and 75.0% (12/16) in each group, besides, there was statistically significant difference between 10 is less than or equal to MELD score is less than or equal to 19 points group and MELD score is more than or equal to 20 points group (X2 = 7.359, P = 0.009).

CONCLUSIONSThere are different degrees of left ventricular structure, function and electrophysiological changes in patients with end-stage liver disease, these anomalies also will be increased with the MELD score increasing.

Adult ; End Stage Liver Disease ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Liver Failure ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Liver Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Function, Left

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of static and dynamic splints on recovery of hand functions in burn patients.

METHODSThirty-two burn patients with 52 injured hands were treated with orthotic splints (single or combined application) during different therapeutic stages. Carroll's upper limb functional test was used to evaluate the function of upper limbs and hands from rough to fine movements, including grasp, pinch, nip, forearm pronation and supination, fetching, etc. The hand functions were compared before and after treatment.

RESULTSThere were 7 hands with grade IV function, 15 hands with grade III, 23 hands with grade II, and 7 hands with grade I before treatment, while 9 hands achieved grade IV function, 28 hands grade V, 9 hands grade VI, and 6 hands grade III after treatment for three months. Twenty-eight patients with 46 hands recovered well enough to handle daily chores, including digital opposition, palmar opposition, grasp, pinch, etc.

CONCLUSIONThe manual splints offer good effects on preventing and treatment scar contracture of hand after burn, and they can promote the recovery of hand functions.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; rehabilitation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Contracture ; prevention & control ; Female ; Hand ; physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recovery of Function ; Splints ; Young Adult