Chronic orchialgia (CO) is a common complaint in urology or andrology. Due to its complicated pathogenesis, the diagnosis and treatment of CO are quite challenging. Based on different etiologies, CO can be idiopathic or secondary. Idiopathic CO accounts for approximately 50% of the cases and is probably associated with Wallerian degeneration in the spermatic cord nerves and peripheral sensitization. Secondary CO can be attributed to direct causes and its treatment focuses on the pathologic condition identified. The main methods for the treatment of CO include conservative and surgical strategies, among which microsurgical spermatic cord denervation ( MSCD) is an effective and minimally invasive option, while orchiectomy is but the last alternative when no other means is left.
Denervation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Orchiectomy ; Pain ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Pain Management ; methods ; Spermatic Cord ; innervation ; Testicular Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To investigate the role of PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in the process of cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin(DOX).Methods Twenty SD rats were divided into two groups:DOX group(10 rats that were injected through caudal vein with 2.5 mg/kg DOX,once a week,for 6 weeks)and control group(10 rats).At 5th week after the end of DOX injection,the structural changes and functional damage were examined,and the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes and the expression levels of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 were determined.Results Eleven weeks after the DOX injection,the myocardial pathological changes were mainly myofibrillar loss and cytoplasmic vacuolization.DOX could induce compensated heart function(the value of FS% was 34,P0.05)and Bax to 338%(P

Objective To study the inhibition of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation(IDLPO)by apigenin on rat cerebral homogenate in vitro and to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of apigenin on acute transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods In vitro IDLPO on rat cerebral homogenate was induced with ferrous sulfate,the incubation mixture was observed at three various concentration of apigenin and deferoxamine(DFX),and malondialdehyde(MDA)level was assayed by the 2-thiobarbituric acid(TBA)test.In vivo,the transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in rats was established with insertion of thread embolish into middle cerebral artery.In experiment groups the neurological behavior scores,TTC stain of brain slices,and neurocyte morphology were observed.The homogenate of left hemisphere was collected for investigating the effect of apigenin on content of MDA and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in 24,48,and 72 h.Results MDA was reduced in three various concentration of apigenin on rat cerebral homogenate(P0.05).In vivo,abnormal neurological behavior scores existed and typical cortical infarct lesions were found by TTC stain in both apigenin and model groups.An obvious intracellular and intercellular edema and vacuolization were found in the cerebral cortexes and hippocampuses in model group.There was karyopycnosis in glias and neurons.However lesion was alleviated in apigenin group.The MDA contents in both apigenin and model groups were increased greatly compared to ones of Sham-operated group,respectively(P

Myoepithelioma is an uncommon benign tumor that most likely occurs in the salivary gland. Extra-salivary myoepithelioma are sporadic and rare, especially the quantities occur in the sinonasal cavity are fewer in related literature reported. In this paper, we present a rare case of benign myoepithelioma that occurred in the nasal cavity, and the related process of pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are discussed.
Humans ; Myoepithelioma ; pathology ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology

A 39 years old male patient was admitted with the right of facial abnormalities and gradually protruding in right eye more than 30 years. CT shows high mixed density, clear boundary, and the right eye was crowded to the right. Giant tumor had completely been excised, and the result was fine. The outline figure and function of patients were obviously improved. The pathological examination after resection showed ossifying fibroma.
Adult ; Fibroma, Ossifying ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Paranasal Sinuses ; pathology

Adult ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; surgery ; Genital Diseases, Male ; surgery ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; adverse effects ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Infertility, Male ; etiology ; Male ; Prostatitis ; therapy ; Urethra

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of propofol repeated anesthesia on the expression of CaMK Ⅱ α in the hippocampus in neonatal rats.MethodsThirty-two SD rats aged 7 days weighing 12-16 g were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =16 each): group C received intraperitoneal 0.9％ normal saline 7.5 ml/kg once a day for 7 days and group P received propofol 75 mg/kg once a day for 7 days.Learning and memory function were assessed using Morris warier maze at 28 days old of rats.The animals were sacrificed at 24 h after the tests and brain tissues were removed.The expression of CaMK Ⅱ α and phosphorylated CaMK Ⅱ α (pCaMK Ⅱ α) in hippocampal CAI region were determined by immunochemistry and Western bolt.ResultsCompared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,space exploration time shortened and expression of CaMK Ⅱ α and pCaMK Ⅱ α down-rugulated in group P than in group C( P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionPropofol repeated anesthesia decreases congnitive function through down-regulating the expression and inhibiting the activity of CaMK Ⅱ α in hippocampus in neonatal rats.

Adolescent ; Cardiomyopathies ; complications ; genetics ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Pedigree ; Sick Sinus Syndrome ; complications ; genetics

BACKGROUND:Col agen and silk fibroin materials for construction of spinal cord scaffolds have been proven to repair or partial y repair damaged spinal cord nerve function. OBJECTIVE:To introduce partial characteristics of the col agen and silk fibroin and to review the recent progress and application as scaffolds in spinal cord tissue engineering. METHODS:A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed databases (2003-01/2012-10) was performed for articles addressing the application of col agen and silk fibroin scaffolds in spinal cord injury with the keywords of“col agen, silk fibroin, scaffold, spinal cord injury”in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Col agen has low antigenicity, good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Col agen and its degradation products can cause no inflammatory reactions in the body, but have the disadvantages of rapid degradation and poor mechanical properties. Silk fibroin has good biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties, but its degradation is slow. The col agen and silk fibroin are compounded using an electrostatic spinning technology to improve the physical properties of the material on the basis of maintaining good biocompatibility. At present, fibroin or col agen materials in terms of nervous system repair have been studied, laying some foundation for spinal cord tissue engineering. Considering the similar characteristics and mechanics performance to the spinal cord tissue, col agen/silk fibroin composite materials are expected to become the ideal scaffold materials for spinal cord tissue engineering.

Objective To observe the effect of apigenin on the recovery of neurological function following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and investigate its mechanism. Methods Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into a sham-operated group, a model group and an apigenin-treated group. A transient ( 1.5 h) focal cerebral ischemia-reperfu-sion model was established in the rats of the model and apigenin-treated groups. In the sham-operated rats the middle cere-bral artery was not occluded. The rats in the apigenin-treated group received an intra-abdominal injection of apigenin, and the rats in the other two groups received injections of normal saline solution. Neurological behavior scores were assessed in accordance with the Zea Longa method at the 24th, 48th and 72nd hour and the 7th day after reperfusion. Cellular and sub-cellular morphology were observed with an optical microscope and an electron microscope, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were measured using ELISA. Results Neurological function improved by the 7th day after reperfusion in the model group, but improved significantly by the 72nd hour after reperfusion in the apigenin-treated group. Average TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the model group and the apigenin-treated group were significantly higher than in the sham-operated group. Av-erage TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the apigenin-treated group were significantly lower than in the model group at the 48th and 72nd hour after reperfusion. Neurological behavior scores had a positive correlation with the IL-1β and TNF-α levels. In the model group, obvious intracellular and intercellular edema and vacuolization were observed in the ischemic cortices and hippocampuses, with remarkable karyopycnosis and organelle broadening and dissolution and vacuolization in glial cells and neurons. In the apigenin-treated group, similar but significantly milder morphological changes were observed. Conclusion Apigenin can promote the recovery of neurological function in rats by downregulating the expression of TNF-α and IL-1βfollowing focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.