Insulin is a hormone produced by isletβcells, which plays an important role in regulating cell division, cell differentiation, cell growth and regulating blood glucose levels.Decreased insulin and isletβcell dysfunction are vital fundamental characteristics of diabetes.There are many transcription factors involved in the development and maintaining of isletβcells.This review focuses on the transcription factors aboutβcell development.

Objective To census the preoperative prevalence rate of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and to evaluate the risk factors of DVT in senile osteoporotic hip fractured patients.Methods The object of study were patients aged 60 and above, and osteoporotic hip fracture by low energy injury in 2013.Based on medical records, all the patients with osteoporotic hip fracture were evaluated the signs and symptoms of DVT in 24 h, D-dimer test and underwent Doppler ultrasound screening of bilateral venous system in lower extremity after admission, and all the patients received preoperative prophylactic anticoagulation.Patients with popliteal and proximal level thrombus or floating thrombus underwent inferior vena cava (IVC) filter insertion.Outcome measures: age, gender, fracture type, D-dimer value in 24 h preoperatively, occurrence time of DVT and region, grade of preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists, preoperative medical diseases.Results 702 of 946 hip fracture inpatients were comprised in this retrospective study.All were not founded any symptom or signs of DVT.All patients were took preoperative Doppler ultrasound screening and the results as follows: 36 of 302 patients (11.9％) with femoral neck fracture were proved preoperative thrombosis(13 male, 23 female), the average age was 72.7 year-old(range from 62-90 year-old), on the same side as the fractured hip in 31 patients, bilateral thrombosis in 5 patients.74 of 400 patients (18.5％) with intertrochanteric fracture were proved preoperative thrombosis(38 male, 36 female), the average age was 76 year-old (range from 60-95 year-old), on the same side as the fractured hip in 68 patients, bilateral thrombosis in 6 patients.The most prevalence rate of DVT were in the first day after osteoporotic hip fracture, 15 patients (41.7％) with femoral neck fracture and 38 patients (51.40％) with intertrochanteric fracture.There were more proximal level and multiple level involment thrombosis over 5 days after injury.The most thrombosis were proven at calf and popliteal vein.Conclusion The prophylaxis of DVT should be started even in the emergency department in senile patient with osteoporotic hip fracture.To avoid the risk factors, early surgery and early postoperative mobilization will be effective.

Objective To investigate the effect of up‐regulation and down‐regulation of HSPC238 on the RB gene mRNA and pRb protein .Methods PcDNA3 .1‐HSPC238 vector and PLL3 .7‐HSPC238 vector was transiently transfected into HepG2 cells re‐spectively .The level of RB mRNA was detected by real‐time PCR and pRb was detected by Western blotting .Results The level of RB mRNA and pRb in up‐regulation group both increased compared with control grops respectively .Conversely ,the level of RB mRNA and pRb in up‐regulation group both decreased compared with control grops respectively .Above results were all statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion HSPC238 could have a positive effect on the expression of the RB gene .

Objective To explore the effect of uric acid (UA) on the rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and its possible mechanism in vitro. Methods Cultured rat GMCs were treated with various concentrations of UA (50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L, 300 μmol/L) in the presence or absence of U0126, apocynin, rotenone. The incorporation of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) and cell counting were used to measure GMCs proliferation. GMCs cell-cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. CyclinD1 and cyclin A2 expression were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was detected by Western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence. Results (1) Uric acid increased GMCs proliferation in dose-dependent manner compared with the control groups, as assessed by 3H-TdR incorporation and cell counting. GMCs proliferation induced by 300 μmol/L uric acid was increased by more than 1.5-fold assessed by both of the methods. (2) Uric acid decreased cell number in G1/G0 phase and increased cell number in S phase in dosedependent manner, as assessed by flow cytometry. (3) Uric acid iuduced cyclin D1 and cyclin A2 expression in dose-dependent manner. (4)Uric acid increased pospho-ERK1/2 in dose-dependent manner and ERK1/2 specific inhibitor U0126 could suppress uric acid-induced cell proliferation.The inhibition percentage of U0126 was 22% and 31% assassed by cell counting and 3H-TdR incorporation, respectively. (5) Uric acid increased ROS production in dose-dependent manner.NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin could also significantly inhibit uric acid-induced ROS production, ERK phosphorylation and cell proliferation. In contrast, rotenone had no effect on them.Conclusion Uric acid can stimulate rat GMCs proliferation, partially by the activation of ERK pathway via NADPH oxidase-derived ROS generation.

Objective:To obtain a large amount of erythromycin B and to investigate the activity site in eryK. Methods:The key sequence of the BC loop region in eryK gene was knocked out and the eryK gene with 101 bp deleted was amplified by overlapping PCR,and cloned into vector pWHM3 to construct recombinant plasmid. The Saccharopolyspora erythraea mutant AK17 was constructed through chromosomal homologous recombination technique.Results and Conclusions:The S.erythraea mutant AK17 was constructed. The results of TCL and MS analysis showed that the major fermentation product of AK17 is erythromycin B.

ObjectiveTo analyzing the psychological status of hospitalized patients of internal medicine and its impact factors.Methods Hospitalized patients of internal medicine underwent a survey by using Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12),Social Support Scale and Disease-Cognition Scale.Those with a score of ＞4 received further investigation of Symptom Check-List 90 (SCL-90).Correlation analysis was performed between all factors of SCL-90 and social support or disease-cognition scale score.Results There was no significant difference of psychological status between males and females ( P ＞0.05 ).All SCL90 factors were negatively correlated with social support,of which obsessive,paranoid,and phobic presented stronger negative correlations with social support and objective support (P ＜ 0.05 ).Furthermore,all factors were negatively correlated with disease-cognition scale score.A significantly negative correlation between phobic factor and disease-cognition scale score was identified ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Improvement was found in 26.2％ patients after intervention.Conclusion Patients tend to show unhealthy emotion when they are under the stress of hospitalization.Hospitalization support system may need to be improved and patients' cognition of disease should be increased.

To study the pharmacokinetics characteristic of loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside in rat plasma after oral administration of Bushen Tongluo formula. The plasma samples were treated by using liquid-liquid extraction technique, the concentrations were determined by HPLC-UV. Johnson spherigel C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was adopted and eluted with the of mobile phase of methanol-water containing 0.01% glacial acetic acid in a gradient mode, with the flow rate at 1.0 mL x min(-1), column temperature at 30 degrees C and injection volume of 10 μL. According to the findings, loganin was determined at 235 nm, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside were determined at 320 nm, with the sample size of 10 μL. The pharmacokinetic parameters of loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside were calculated by DAS 2. 0 software as follows: C(max) was (0.369 ± 0.042), (0.387 ± 0.071), (0.233 ± 0.044) mg x L(-1); t(max) was (0.226 ± 0.022), (0.282 ± 0.031), (0.233 ± 0.044) h; t(½β) was (6.89 ± 0.20), (10.73 ± 0.11), (6.93 ± 0.09) h; AUC(0-∞) was (1.91 ± 0.36), (3.22 ± 0.52), (1.52 ± 0.33) mg x h x L(-1); AUCO(0-t) was (1.62 ± 0.33), (2.58 ± 0.43), (1.30 ± 0.30) mg x h x L(-1); CL was (20.2 ± 4.0), (1.39 ± 0.23), (31.7 ± 6.9) L x h(-1) x kg(-1), respectively. The results showed that after the oral administration with Bushen Tongluo formula, loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside showed concentration-time curves in conformity with the two compartment model, with a rapid absorption, loganin and stilbene glucoside was excreted at a moderate speed, and ferulic acid was excreted slowly (but with the highest bioavailability). Bushen Tongluo formula can main maintain plasma concentration with three administrations everyday and so is suitable to be made into common oral preparation.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Coumaric Acids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Iridoids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stilbenes ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

There exist some problems such as faultiness in system,illogicality in constructing of team,the simple ways and means in teaching inspection.Therefore,the universities in our country must take such measures as system healthiness,team construction,and mechanism function improvement.

Although it is widely studied as a promising bio-surfactant,biosynthesis of Rhamnolipid has not been applied in large-scale due to its high production cost.As a cheap alternative carbon source,waste edible oils have been extensively studied for the production of rhamnolipid.This paper reviewed the recent re-search in this field,including the influence of various waste edible oils and production,chemical structure and properties of the produced rhamnolipids.With waste edible oils,the maximum production of rham-nolipids was reported to be 24.61 g/L.The lowest surface tension was 24 mN/m and the lowest CMC of the produced rhamnolipids was 40.19 mg/L.In addition,this paper also summarized the effect of various factors on the rhamnolipids biosynthesis,such as bacteria strains,nitrogen sources,trace minerals,dissolved oxygen,pH and fermentation conditions.Based on this,the key points of the mass production of rhamnolipids with waste edible oils were also discussed.

·Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are common outer retinal degenerative problems, which are also the predominant causes of most blinding retinal diseases. Retinal prosthesis is a promising solution for such photoreceptor degeneration diseases.Most of current concepts for a retinal prosthesis are based on neuronal electrical stimulation. In the past twenty years, retinal prosthesis has been developed in two different directions: epiretinal prosthesis and subretinal prosthesis. Each prosthesis technique has its advantages and disadvantages. For epiretinal prosthesis, it is easier to be implanted and has the advantage of keeping most of the electronics in the vitreous cavity, off the retinal surface, which greatly helps in dissipating the heat generated by the implant device. In this paper, a brief overview of retinal prostheses concepts is introduced. After that, several important aspects of epiretinal electrical stimulation will be discussed. Moreover, some practical epiretinal prosthesis devices developed by researchers in United States, Germany and Japan in the past have been reviewed. We hope that the devices will be used widely in the near future.