The progress of modality therapy has improved both survival rate and quality of life of retinoblastoma(RB) patients.However,some problems are still left and unsolved.Parts of the RB relapse after they are treated for the first time.Even more remarkable,the related individuals to the RB patients run a risk of RB.Gene diagnosis and treatment are emerging and appear to solve these problems.Some researches in developed countries and Hong Kong have successfully made progress in gene diagnosis of RB.However,the detection rate of Rb1 gene mutation is very low.Researches documented for many years that gene diagnosis for RB is extremely complex,so we should go further to achieve a goal of gene diagnosis.Gene diagnosis of RB is still an initiation in China.We should strengthen relevant study and spread this technique.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Genital Neoplasms, Male ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paget Disease, Extramammary ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Paget's Disease, Mammary ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Penile Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Scrotum ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; genetics ; pathology ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mining ; economics ; Occupational Exposure ; Silicosis ; epidemiology

Objective To evaluate the methods of postoperative respiratory management and complications prevention of patients with myasthenia gravis who received thymectomy. Methods According to the accumulated scores of myasthenic crisis prediction, the patients with myasthenia gravis who underwent thymectomy in the past 5 years were divided into 2 groups: high risk group(12, n=11). The time of mechanical ventilation, restoration of muscle strength and spontaneously breathing during extubation, results of arterial blood gas analysis, body temperature, chest X-ray examination and sputum culture of each patient were analyzed. Results The time of mechanical ventilation in high risk group (18~30 h, 26 h in average) was longer than that in control group(4~28 h, 14 h in average)(P

OBJECTIVETo study on the drug release characteristics and mechanism of gastrodin ion-activated nasal in situ gel in vitro.

METHODRegularity and mechanism of the drug release of gastrodin nasal in situ gel were studied by using the diffusion cell model and the membrane-less dissolution model, respectively. A novel kinesis diffusion cell model was designed according to the characteristics of release environment of nasal cavity. It was used to investigate the effect of adhesiveness on the release of the in situ gel.

RESULTDrug release of gastrodin nasal in situ gel followed the one order release model. Erosion rate of the gel was low and not linearly correlated with the release rate. Compared with gastrodin solution, the nasal in situ gel could increase release time and release amount.

CONCLUSIONGastrodin in the nasal in situ gel is released mainly by diffusion rather than erosion. Release amount of the in situ gel in nasal cavity may be obviously increased because of its adhesiveness.

Adhesiveness ; Benzyl Alcohols ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Calibration ; Diffusion ; Gels ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Kinetics ; Models, Chemical ; Nose ; metabolism ; Solubility

Aim To observe the infarct size, apoptosis of the neurocytes,the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax pro-teins after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in the brain tissue of rats and the protective effects of rofecoxib.Methods The model of local CIRI was induced by reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with inserting a thread through internal carotid artery,2 h occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion.Rofecoxib was administrated (ig) at the reperfusion initiation. Using TTC staining technique to measure the infarct size of brain,TUNEL technique to examine apoptosis of the neurocytes,immunohistochemical method to examine the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in brain tissue.Results After focal CIRI,the infarct focus of brain was showed,both apoptosis rate of the neurocytes and Bax protein expression were significantly increased and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was significantly reduced.With the use of both 1.12 and 2.24 mg?kg -1 doses of rofecoxib,the brain infarct size was dramatically reduced. With the use of 2.24 mg?kg -1 dose of rofecoxib,both apoptosis rate of the neurocytes and Bax protein expression were significantly decreased,both Bcl-2 protein expression and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were significantly higher than that in the group Model.Conclusion The highly selective COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib may increase Bcl-2 protein expression and decrease Bax protein expression then increase the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax and so reduce the neurocytes apoptosis in brain tissue thus significantly improve the brain injury after CIRI.

Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; analysis

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Hypoxia, Brain ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; RNA ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription Factors

Objective To evaluate the effect of military performance stress on the changes of concentrations in salivary chromogranin A ( CgA) ,β-endorphin (β-EP) and salivary IgA ( sIgA) of submariners.Methods Twenty-nine submarine soldiers were selected, and their saliva samples were collected separately at the end of a long dive trip and nine months after relaxation ashore.In addition,the saliva samples of twenty-eight graduate students were collected as the normal control.The method of ELISA was used to detect the level of salivary CgA,β-EP and sIgA.Results After long-term dive training, the submariners showed significantly decreased CgA,β-EP and sIgA.Conclusion After a long term dive trip, chronic military performance stress is associated with the decline of salivary CgA,β-EP and sIgA, indicating that the function of sympathet-ic adrenal medulla is suppressed.The biological significance of these changes needs to be assessed in the future.