Objective To prepare the sinomenine hydrochloride multivesicular liposomes with high entrapment efficiency and sustained release character.Methods Multiple emulsion method was used to prepare the sinomenine hydrochloride multivesicular liposomes.Uniform design was applied to optimize the formulation and pharmaceutical process.The shape,the particle size,and the release charcter of the liposome were evaluated.Results The sinomenine hydrochloride multivesicular liposomes prepared were spherical and the size of majority particles was in the range of 20—30 ?m and well distributed.The encapsulation efficiency was more than 80% and its in-vitro release profile accorded well with the Higuchi model with t1/2 up to 52.7 h.Conclusion The formulation and pharmaceutical process of the sinomenine hydrochloride multivesicular liposomes are stable and feasible with the high encapsulation efficiency and good sustained-release character.

A review of the system background for the multi-institution physician practice in China,and an analysis for the specific constraints for physicians of public hospitals to embrace such a practice On this basis, the paper probed into the measures to encourage the physicians for doing so. The measures recommended include advanced design, improvement of the quality of care and safety mechanism,incentives mechanism, mandatory enforcement of medical liability insurance to minimize risk exposure of such a practice, aiming at advancement of this practice.

Objective To evaluate the preventive effect of BCG-PSN on respiratory infection of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods 48 cases with COPD were randomly divided into two groups:the BCG-PSN group and the control group.The BCG-PSN group received BCG-PSN,0 5mg,im,twice a week for 18 times injection in addition to the routine therapy,and the control group only received routine therapy.Both groups were followed up every two weeks for six months.The serum IgA,IgG,IgM levels were determined before and 4,24 weeks after the treatment.Results Cases of infection and their lasting days,infective rate in the BCG-PSN group were significantly lower than that of the control group(P

As introduced in the paper,Australian government subsidize the public hospitals with all their budget needs as compensation,with the two levels of governments constituting the largest buyer of health products and services in the country.In addition,the government supports the hospitals with their facilities.A rational government investment mechanism is proposed with reference to such a model for the ongoing reform of public hospitals in China.

Objective: To study the gender differences in ERPs recorded during a recognition task for Chinese words. Methods: 15 male and 15 female healthy volunteers received a Chinese words recognition task and the EEG signals were recorded from 20 scalp sites simultaneously. The stimuli were meaningful words consisting of two Chinese characters. Results: Both men and females showed a positive-going parietal old/new effect, but females demonstrated larger P500 amplitudes and shorter P500 latency than males. Furthermore, the parietal old/new effect of males was significantly left-lateralized, while that of females showed more bilateral pattern. Only males elicited obvious frontally distributed old/new effect between 250 and 350 ms, which was negative-going and right-lateralized. Conclusion: Gender differences do exist in the recognition processing of Chinese words. Some of the gender differences could be interpreted as reflecting different strengths and speed of brain activation and others could be interpreted as reflecting the involvement of different neural structures.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic portal embolization (PTPE) before the extended right hemihepatectomy for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods We successfully carried out a percutaneous transhepatic portal embolization in a patient with hilar cholangiocarcinoma and liver cirrhosis. Hepatic hemodynamics, liver volume,liver functions, and pathological changes were recorded after the procedure. Results After PTPE, the patient developed an inflammatory response manifested by a transient fever (39.2 ℃ at peak on the 5th postoperative day) and a mild abdominal pain. There were no other complications such as nausea, vomitting, hemorrhage, or bile leakage. The volume of the left lobe increased from 417.0 ml to 522.4 ml (enlargement rate, 125.2%); the volume of the right lobe decreased from 1041.3 ml to 1017.4 ml (diminishment rate, 97.7%). The ratio of the left lobe to the whole liver increased from 28.6% to 33.9%. The velocity of blood flow of the left portal vein increased by 100% and 39% on the day of operation and the 6th day after operation, respectively (from 12.8 ml/s preoperatively to 23.2 ml/s and 17.1 ml/s). The values of ICG R15 and ICG-K returned to normal levels. On the 17th day after PTPE, the quantity of bile drainage from the left lobe exceeded that from the right lobe. The extended right hemihepatectomy was performed 34 days after PTPE. During operation, an obvious hypertrophy of the left lobe and a distinct demarcation line between the segment 5, 6, and 7 (S5,6,7) and other segments were observed. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. The pathological examination found stenosis and embolization of the portal vein, as well as the degeneration, necrosis, and apotosis of the liver cells in the embolized lobe. Conclusions Portal vein embolization can effectively induce the hypertrophy of the unembolized lobe, which increases the safety level of following extended hemihepatectomy in patients with impared liver functions.

Objective: To develop a Chinese version of the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome(SDS) and examine its reliability and validity. Methods: 123 schizophrenic patients finished the Chinese version of SDS and were subtyped into deficit (n=30) and nondeficit(n=93) groups. In addition, all patients completed BPRS, SANS and SAPS. The reliability analysis of SDS included Cronbach's ?琢 coefficients and mean inter-item correlations and the inter-rater reliability; while the validity analysis included construct validity and criteria validity. Results: The Cronbach's ?琢 coefficient and the mean interitem correlation coefficients of the negative symptoms severity subscale of SDS were 0.8441 and 0.4818, respectively. The inter-rater reliability for categorization was 0.8777. The correlation coefficients of the six negative symptom items with the total score ranged from 0.685 to 0.875,and that among the six negative symptom items ranged from 0.437 to 0.794. The negative symptom items and the total score of SDS were significantly correlated with the anergia factor score from the BPRS and the total score and several subscale scores of SANS, while none of them was correlated with subscale scores and total score of SAPS. Conclusion: The Chinese version of SDS was a reliable and valid measure for the diagnostic classification of deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia.

Objective: To study whether the orientation behavior of rats is affected by multi-sensory information. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the audio-visual integration group and pure audio group. The orientation behaviors of rats were observed after given single modal and multi-modal sensory cues with spatial disparities. Results: We found that when the temporal and spatial audio cues were coincident to a target visual cue, the rats had a markedly reduced reaction time and increased success rate in orientation behaviors; there was an obvious audio-visual integration effect. The integration effect was more obvious when the intensity of target visual cue was weak, with the enhancement efficiency being (87.3 ± 8.5)%, significantly higher than that when the intensity of target visual cue was stronger (27.6%, P< 0.05). Conclusion: Rat auditory-visual integration behaviors also follow the multi-sensory integration rules.

Objective To study the pulmonary function changes in patients cured from severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) Methods Pulmonary function tests were performed in 11 SARS patients one month after their discharge from hospital Results The subjects (3 males and 9 females) were aged from 21 to 62 years (31 0?10 0) The days after their discharge from hospital were 22 to 43 days (32 2?4 7) Pulmonary function showed:vital capacity(VC) (95 6?19 0)% predicted,forced vital capacity(FVC) (97 2?9 9)% predicted,forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV 1)(97 5?9 8)% predicted,FEV 1/FVC (85 9?5 6)%,total lung capacity(TLC) (102 4?10 4)% predicted,residual volume(RV)/TLC (32 6?5 0)%,RV (116 8?25 0)% predicted,and diffusing capacity of CO(DLCO) (73 6?10 9)% predicted Conclusion The patients cured from SARS demonstrated relatively normal ventilatory function but mild impaired diffusing capacity

The determination principle of Dialog haemodialysis machine is introduced as well as the calibration approaches and key points for the drift of conductivity sensor.