The development of the genetic transformation systems in extremely halophilic Archaea was reviewed in this paper. Included are the screening of selectable markers for resistance to antibiotics, the development of gene cloning and expression vectors, and the modifications of the host organisms.
Archaea ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genetic Vectors ; Transformation, Genetic

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics profiles of ibupro-fen and pseudo ephedrine with chlorpheniramine suspension after single and multiple dosing in healthy volunteers.Methods Three single and one multiple oral doses of ibuprofen and pseudo ephedrine with chlorphe-niramine suspension were given to healthy volunteers respectively.Ibu-profen concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC-UV method.Pseudo ephedrine and chlorpheniramine concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC-MS-MS method.The pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained with statistical analysis by DAS Ver 2.0.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of 3 single doses(ibuprofen:200,400,600 mg pseudo ephedrine:30,60,90 mg;chlorpheniramine:2,4,6 mg)and multiple dose(ibuprofe,pseudo ephedrine and chlorphe-niramine 200,30,2 mg,respectively)shown that the concentration-time curves of ibuprofen,pseudo ephedrine and chlorpheniramine were described by one-compartment open model and physiological disposi-tions were assumed by linear kinetics characteristics.Conclusion In multiple dosing study,physiological dispositions of ibuprofen,pseudo e-phedrine and chlorpheniramine all existed no induction and inhibition of drug enzyme phenomenon.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To establish an isolated rat pancreas perfusion technique,a method for the precise measurement of insulin secretion in vitro.Methods An isolated rat pancreas perfusion technique was applied in the study of insulin secretion from?-cells in 10 high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats.Results For the assessment of the functional integrity of the perfused pancreas,the isolated pancreas of 6 rats met all the criteria: (1)The constancy of perfusion pressure was kept over the whole experiment time[(70?5)mm Hg,1 mm Hg= 0.133 kPa].(2)The duodenal peristaltic activity of isolated pancreas and duodenum block was present after perfusion experiment.(3)Total insulin response to arginine stimulation was significantly increased as compared with glucose stimulation[maximum insulin secretion rate:(987?100)?U/min vs(545?50)?U/min,P

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colles' Fracture ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; External Fixators ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Middle Aged

To explore the role of regulatory peptides in the secretion of bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), we observed the effects of four peptides, i.e.vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), epidermal growth factor (EGF), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), on the secretion of ILs from unstimulated or O3-stressed BECs. The results of the experiments showed that VIP exerted an inhibitory effect on the secretion of IL-1 and IL-8 from unstimulated and O3-stressed BECs, VIP also decreased the secretion of IL-5 from O3-stressed BECs; EGF promoted secretion of IL-1 and IL-8 from unstimulated BECs, but decreased the secretion of ILs from O3-stressed BECs; ET-1 and CGRP enhanced the secretion of IL-1, IL-5, and IL-8 from unstimlated BECs, CGRP also increased the secretion of ILs from O3-stressed BECs. The results obtained demonstrate that intrapulmonary regulatory peptides modulate the secretion of ILs from BECs, and may play an important part in transduction of inflammatory signals.
Animals ; Bronchi ; cytology ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelin-1 ; pharmacology ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; secretion ; Female ; Interleukins ; secretion ; Male ; Rabbits ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo build digitized visible model of the adult penis and adjacent structure of the Chinese visible human, providing morphological data for plastic plerosis of external genitals diagnosis and the adult penis surgery planning.

METHODSCross-sectional images of fresh tissues from the Chinese visible human dataset and the visible penis and adjacent structure dataset were reviewed, the structures of the penis and adjacent structure were confirmed on a section-by-section basis. Three-dimensional computer reconstructions of the penis and adjacent structure were generated from these data by surface rendering.

RESULTSThe quality of the computerized 3D-reconstructed images was distinct and perfect. The adult penis and adjacent structure were all reconstructed and displayed jointly. All reconstructed structures can be represented individually or jointly. Any diameter and angle of the structures reconstructed could be measured conveniently.

CONCLUSIONSThe digitized model of the penis and adjacent structure offer unique insights into the complex penis anatomy, providing morphological data for plastic plerosis of external genitals diagnosis and surgery planning.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Genitalia, Male ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Male ; Models, Anatomic ; Penis ; anatomy & histology ; Software ; Visible Human Projects

OBJECTIVETo observe the killing effect of Herceptin and adriamycin sequentially applied on breast cancer cell line in vitro.

METHODSBT-474 human breast cancer cells in exponential growth phase were treated with Herceptin alone, adriamycin alone and their sequential administration (Herceptin before adriamycin and vice versa), respectively. Under optical microscope, the morphological changes of the cells were observed before and after drug administration. The expression rate and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of HER-2/neu and cell death rate were detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTSMicroscopically, the cells treated with different protocols all exhibited such changes as darkening and increase of cellular debris with irregular cell morphology. Flow cytometry revealed no significant difference in the expression rate of HER-2/neu in each group before and after treatment, but the MFI of HER-2/neu and death rate of the treated cells were significant different from those of the control group (P<0.05). The cell death rate of Herceptin-pretreated cells was significantly higher than that of adriamycin-pretreated ones (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONHerceptin pretreatment enhances the killing effect of adriamycin on breast cancer cell line BT-474, which provides experimental evidence for designing clinical sequential biochemotherapy of breast cancer.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Death ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; biosynthesis ; Trastuzumab

To study the effect of Siwu decoction on the function and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cells. The Real-time quantitative poly-merase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA expression of MDR1 gene in Caco-2 cells. Flow cytometer was used to study the effect of Siwu decoction on the uptake of Rhodamine 123 in Caco-2 cells, in order to evaluate the efflux function of P-gp. Western blotting method was used to detect the effect of Siwu decoction on the P-gp protein expression of Caco-2 cells. Compared with the blank control group, after Caco-2 incubation with Siwu decoction at concentrations of 3.3, 5.0, 10.0 g x L(-1) for 24, 48, 72 h, the mRNA expression of MDR1 was up-regulated, suggesting the effect of Siwu decoction in inducing the expression of MDR1. After the administration with Siwu decoction in Caco-2 cells for 48 h, the uptake of Rhodamine 123 in Caco-2 cells decreased by respectively 16.6%, 22.1% (P < 0.05) and 45.4% (P < 0.01), indicating that the long-term administration of Siwu decoction can enhance the P-gp efflux function of Caco-2 cells. After the incubation of Caco-2 cells with Siwu decoction for 48 h, the P-gp protein expression on Caco-2 cell emebranes, demonstrating the effect of Siwu decoction in inducing the protein expression of P-gp.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; genetics ; metabolism ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Caco-2 Cells ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo analyze 3D digitized image of the adult penis, providing morphological data for plastic plerosis of the adult penis diagnosis and the surgery planning.

METHODS200 adult penis were measured at the length and perimeter of the resting state and erection, and the relation among the erectile angle and length, perimeter were analyzed by the Angel Digital Image Studio software.

RESULTSPenis increase with the age and stature growing. But the length increases in not the same ratio with the stature . With the erectile angle increasing, penile hardness is becoming strong, but penile volume do not marked change.

CONCLUSIONSThe digitized model of the penis and adjacent structure offer unique insights into the complex penis anatomy, providing morphological data for preoperative design and postoperative effective evaluation of the penile plastic plerosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis ; anatomy & histology ; Young Adult