OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of continuous renal replacement therapy on acute renal failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome following simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. METHODS: A patient was complicated with acute renal failure, severe acute pancreatitis, lung infection, bleeding in anastomosisbetween duodenum and jejunum, and peritonitis following simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. He was treated with immunosuppressor, antibiotics, amylopsin inhibitor, haemostatic and alimentation; at the same time, he was treated with continuous renal replacement therapy for 22 days. The Baxter system was used for continuous venovenous hemofiltration. RESULTS: The vital signs and hemodynamic indicators were stable during continuous renal replacement therapy. Pulmonary edema was well controlled, and acid-base equilibrium of water electrolyte was maintained. The function of vital organs was stableand graft function was normal following continuous renal replacement therapy for 22 days. He was completely cured and out of hospital on day 40. CONCLUSION: Continuous renal replacement therapy plays an important role in treating acute renal failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome following simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Thus, it is a well kidney support for ultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Jiuqiang Naoliqing(JNQ) on the TXA2 and PGI2 level in spontaneous hypertension rat (SHR) plasma.MethodsThe plasma was separated after the SHR and Wistar rats were treated with JNQ at the dose of 0.133g/kg,0.265g/kg,0.530g/kg and 1% carboxymethyl cellulose respectively for 5 weeks. The level of TXB2 and 6 keto PGF1α ,stable metabolin of TXA2 and PGI 2,in SHR plasma was tested by radioimmunoassay.ResultsThe level of TXB2 and the ratio of TXB2/6 keto PGF1α (T/P) in SHR plasma increased significantly(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference in the concentration of 6 keto PGF1α between Wistar rats and SHR plasma(P>0.05). JNQ could increase the generation of 6 keto PGF1α and decrease the level of TXB2 and T/P in SHR plasma after treated with different dosages for 5 weeks.ConclusionJNQ may improve the balance between TXA2 and PGI2 in SHR plasma.

Objective To investigate the possible origin of ovarian epithelial inclusions and its relationship with the low-grade ovarian serous carcinoma.Methods By comparatively evaluating the morphologic (secretory and ciliated cell distribution ) and immunophenotypic [using paired box gene 8 (PAX8),tubulin,calretinin,and Ki-67 as first antibodies] attributes of ovarian epithelial inclusions,the normal tubal epithelium,and the ovarian tumors,all adnexal tissues from a total of 198 patients were studied,including 116 adnexae removed for non-neoplastic indications,53 serous cystadenomas,44 serous borderline tumors,and 41 low-grade serous carcinomas,which were collected from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and University of Arizona in USA.Immunohistochemical single staining was used to detect the expressions of PAX8,tubulin,calretinin,and Ki-67 in the two groups,while immunohistochemical double staining of PAX8/calretinin was used to figure out the immunophenotype of various ovarian epithelial inclusions in a more intuitive way.Results With immunohistochemical single staining of PAX8 and calretinin,the vast majority (90％,54/60) of ovarian surface epithelia displayed a mesothelial phenotype [calretinin(+),PAX8 (-)],whereas 10％ (6/60)of the cases displayed foci with tubal phenotype [calretinin(-),PAX8 (+)].In contrast,most (79％,728/921 ) of the ovarian epithelial inclusions displayed a tubal phenotype,though 21％ (193/921) of the ovarian epithelial inclusions showed a mesothelial phenotype.It was further proved by immunohistochemical double staining of PAX8/ calretinin.Secretory and ciliated cells were found in the ovarian epithelial inclusions with tubal phenotype.There was a progressive increase in the secretory/ciliated cells ratio and proliferative index,from ovarian epithelial inclusions/cystadenomas to borderline tumors to low-grade serous carcinoma,according to the expression of tubulin and Ki-67.Conclusions The findings make a strong argument that the ovarian epithelial inclusions displaying a tubal phenotype with PAX8 (+),calretinin (-) is likely derived from fallopian tube rather than through Mullerian metaplasia from ovarian surface epithelium.The increasing trend of secretory/ciliated cells ratio and proliferative index from ovarian epithelial inclusions/cystadenomas to borderline tumors to low-grade serous carcinoma indicates that the latter is a clonal expansion of secretory cells.Genetic and molecular studies are needed to further confirm these findings.

Objective To explore the relationship between substance P(SP),somatostatin(SS) expression and change of morphology structure in jejunum of arsenism rats.Methods Acoording to sex and body mass,forty five clean grade SD rats were divided into control(0.0 mg.kg-1.d-1),low-dose arsenic(0.4 mg.kg-1.d-1) and high-dose arsenic(10.0 mg.kg-1.d-1) groups,n =15.The rats in low-and high-dose groups were treated with As2O3(2,50 mg/L) through drinking water for 4 months,respectively.Morphology changes of jejunum were observed by histological technique-HE staining and SABC immunohistochemistry.SP and SS positive cells in the jejunum were observed and counted,and its average gray value was analyzed with image analysis software (Biomias).Results Some jejunal villi were irregular in arsenism rats; with some brush border loss and irregular; goblet cells increased; infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria; and vacuoles in some intestinal gland cells.The differences of SP and SS positive cells between groups were statistically significant (F =608.54,227.59,all P ＜0.05).Compared with the control group (0.94 + 0.21,1.14 + 0.14),SP and SS positive cells in low-and highdose arsenic groups(1.85 + 0.25,1.83 + 0.24 and 4.24 + 0.33,3.31 ± 0.41) were significantly higher(all P ＜0.05),and high-dose arsenic group was significantly higher than the low-dose arsenic group(all P ＜ 0.05).The differences of average gray values of SP and SS positive cells between groups were statistically significant(F =68.43,26.57,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group(133.76 ± 3.61,137.57 ± 5.49),SP and SS positive cells in low-and high-dose arsenic groups(125.13 + 2.35,131.28 ± 5.66 and 118.30 ± 4.58,124.03 ± 3.94) were significantly lower(all P ＜ 0.05),and high-dose arsenic group was significantly lower than the low-dose arsenic group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Up-regulation of SP,SS may be related to jejunal mucosal injury and morphology structure in arsenic poisoning rats.

Objective To study the molecular mechanism of renal injury of chronic arsenic poisoning rats induced by the expression of cysteine caspase-8 and P53 in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.Methods Sixty healthy SD rats were divided into three groups,high-,low-dose group,and control group,n =20 in each group.The rats in high and low dose groups were treated with As203 through drinking water,10.0 and 0.4 mg/kg,respectively.The control rats were given distilled water.Four months later,serum and urinary arsenic level was determined,and kidney specimens were taken.The expression of cysteine caspase-8 and P53 in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells was detected by histological technique-HE staining and SABC immunohistochemistry.In addition,cell number counting and image analyses were used in the study.Results The number of caspase-8 positive cells of renal proximal tubule in control group,low-and high-dose group was 3.33±1.32,31.14±8.02 and 46.50±7.20 cell number/visual fields,respectively,which was increased with dose increasing(all P ＜0.05);the average gray value was 151.34±6.40,133.58±4.63 and 128.34±16.28,respectively,decreased with dose increasing(all P ＜0.05).The number of P53 positive cells was 3.17±1.59,26.29±4.23 and 47.00±6.22 cell number/visual fields,respectively,increased with dose increasing (all P ＜ 0.05) ; the average gray value was 142.54±8.06,121.48±5.68 and 101.89±6.35,respectively,decreased with dose increasing (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The increase of caspase-8 and P53 positive cells is one of the molecular mechanisms of renal injury induced by arsenic poisoning.

OBJECTIVE ToobservetheprotectiveeffectandmechanismofCompoundGinkgo biloba(CGB)againstalcohol-inducedliverinjury.METHODS MiceweregivenCGB0.125,0.25and 0.75 g·kg -1 ,Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE)0.1 25 g·kg -1 and bifendate(Bif)0.1 5 g·kg -1 for 8 weeks, respectively.At the end of 4th week the mice were given wine by gavage (56% V/V,0.01 L·kg -1 ), and (56% V/V,0.016 L·kg -1 )at the end of the 8th week.The serum was obtained to measure alanine transaminase (GPT),aspartate aminotransaminase (GOT),mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mGOT)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Liver histopathology was revealed by HE staining.The protein expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2E1 ,NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)and TNF-αin the liverwasanalyzedbyWesternblotting.RESULTS Comparedwithnormalcontrolgroup,theactivitiesof GOT and mGOT were increased in model group (P<0.01 ).Compared with model group,CGB 0.25 and 0.75 g·kg -1 groups and Bif 0.1 5 g·kg -1 group significantly decreased the activity of GOT and mGOT in serum (P<0.05,P<0.01 ),while there was no significant difference between these groups in serum GPT activity (P>0.05).Fatty degeneration and neutrophil infiltration were significantly ameliora-ted in CGB 0.25 and 0.75 g·kg -1 groups.Preliminary mechanism research showed CGB not only increased the protein expression of Nrf2 with a positive dose-effect relationship (r=0.942,P<0.01 ), but reduced the protein expression of hepatic CYP2 E1 and the level of TNF-αin hepatic tissue with a negative dose-effect relationship (r=-0.987,P<0.05;r=-0.940,P<0.05).In addition.The level ofTNF-αwasalsosignificantlydecreasedintheserum(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION CGB may protect the liver fro m acute alcoholic injury and the mechanis m may be that it increases the protein expression of Nrf2,restrains the protein expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and TNF-αand reduces the TNF-αlevel in the serum.

Objective: To screen candidate antigen for therapeutic HBV vaccine with a novel adjuvant DC-Chol. Methods: BALB/c mice were injected with DC-Chol liposome and HBsAg prepared from CHO and Yeast respectively. One week later, IL-4, IL-2, IFN-?were measured by ELISA or ELISPOT. Results: The levels of IL-2, IFN-?of HBsAg from Yeast with DC-Chol liposome were 20 and 119 times higher respectively than those of HBsAg from CHO with DC-Chol liposome. ELISPOT assay showed that the counts of spot-forming cells of IL-4 and IFN-?of HBsAg from Yeast with DC-Chol liposome were 2.8 and 46.3 times higher respectively than those of HBsAg from Yeast with Al(OH)3. Conclusion: HBsAg prepared from Yeast together with DC-Chol liposome may be an appropriate candidate for therapeutic HBV vaccine .

The self-designed experimental teaching method is introduced in detail in this paper,including the preparative work before class,discussion of experimental designing proposal,and accomplishment of specific experiment and so on.The teaching method innovations on pathophysiology experiment are very helpful to cultivate the students' ability to solve practical problem and lay the foundation to cultivate talented medical science personal.

Objective To study the relationship between coronary arteriographic and fluorescence fundus angiographic characteristics in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease.Methods The study was carried out by the analysis of the data from coronary arteriography and fluorescence fundus angiography in 203 type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease in different groups divided according to age or total cholesterol level. Logisitic regression analysis was applied to explore various risk factors to angiographic characteristics.Results With advancing age,there were more involvement of 3 coronary vessels or the left main branch along with stageⅢretinopathy,but less single vessel diseases in the coronary arteries and less stageⅠretinopathy.The difference in coronary angiographic and fluorescence fundus angiographic characteristics between groups with different total cholesterol levels was not significant.Logistic regression analysis suggested that coronary artery diaease was related to age,sex and blood glucose and triglyceride levels while diabetic retinopathy was related to blood glucose level and age.Conclusion There is great difference in coronary arteriography and fluorescence fundus angiography among different age groups.Aging may aggravate the lesions both in the coronary arteries and fundal vessels in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart diseease.

Objective:To compare the clinical effect of anterior and posterior resection,bone grafting and internal fixation on the spinal tuberculosis.Methods:82 cases of patients with spinal tuberculosis in our hospital from February 2014 to August 2015 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 41 cases in each group.Both groups received conventional anti tuberculosis treament and underwent debridement bone graft and internal fixation treatment,the control group underwent anterior internal fixation,while the observation group underwent posterior internal fixation.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,low back pain relief time,ambulation time and hospitalization time were compared between two groups.All patients were followed up for 6 months,the Frankel grade and serum Thl7 cell related factors levels were compared between two groups before and after operation.Results:The low back pain relief time,ambulation time and hospitalization time of observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group(P＜0.01).After operation,the Frankel classification grade A and B ratio of observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05),the serum IL-10,IL-17,IL-23 and TGF-beta 1 levels were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusion:Anterior resection combined with posterior bone graft inFixation could effectively promote the rehabilitation of spinal tuberculosis,reduce the severity of spinal injury,relieve the inflammatory response and promote the recovery of immune function.