According to the synonymous codons used in 28 open reading frames from Pichia pastoris, the codon usage in this species was calculated and 19 codons have been inferred to be its optimal codons. The results show that pattern of the codon usage in P. pastoris is similar to that in S. cerevisiae and in K. lactis except for the synonymous codon of glutamic acid, which may be the special bias of P. pastoris.

Cardiac Catheterization ; standards ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; therapy ; Humans

Objective To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different puncture positions in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods Three hundred fifty-six patients who underwent PCNL were analyzed from March 2012 to October 2015. The passage caliber was 16F-20F. There were 217 cases in prone position and 139 cases in supine position. Results The successful operation in PCNL was 354 cases , while the remaining 2 cases were performed by open surgery. The primary stone clearance rate was 75.5%. The additional PCNLs were performed in 23 cases, and 63 cases of residual calculi were treated by ESWL. 11 patients were treated due to infection or bleeding by the additional PCNLs. There were 3 cases with massive hemorrhage which were treated by Interventional embolization therapy , 12 cases in postoperative fever , no renal resection , no intestinal injury, no deaths. There was no significant difference in stone clearance rate and complication rate between the two groups. Conclusion The puncture position of PCNL can be optional based on the stone size , stone location, degree of hydronephrosis ,and patient′s cardiopulmonary condition individually.

Animals ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy

Objective To observe the influences of stemona alkaloids on esterase isozymes activities and glycogen content of Oncomelania hupensis in order to explore the molluscicidal mechanism of stemona alkaloids.Methods O.hupensis snails were immersed in the liquid of stemona alkaloids at the concentration of 6.5 mg/L(72 h LC50),the surviving ones were picked out and sampled after being immersed for 12,24,48,72,96 h,then PAGE and anthrone colorimetry methods were used to observe the changes of liver esterase isozymes activities and tissue glycogen content of O.hupensis during the immersion period.A group of snails immersed in de-chlorinous water served as control.Results Esterase isozymes activities firstly increased,and then decreased until almost lost completely during the 96 h immersion period.Meanwhile,glycogen content gradually decreased as the immersion time extended.After being immersed for 96 h,glycogen content decreased by 72.00% compared with the control group.Conclusion Stemona alkaloids could inhibit the viability of O.hupensis by causing decrease of esterase isozymes activities and glycogen content.

Objective To investigate the state of Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and its role in the pathogenesis. Methods Plasma level of interleukin-18 and interleukin-13 in 18 patients with active LN and 16 normal controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA). IL-18 and IL-13 expression in the renal tissues from 18 patients and 6 normal renal tissues were also detected by immunohistochemical assay. The ratio of plasma and renal IL-18/IL-13 was then calculated. Results Plasma levels and renal expression of IL-13 and IL-18 in patients with LN were increased significantly compared to those of normal controls (P0.05). The ratio of renal IL-18/IL-13 was not significantly different among all types of LN and normal controls. The ratio of plasma IL-18/IL-13 was positively correlated with LN renal tissue activity index (AI), but no correlationship could be found in renal IL-18/IL-13 ratio. Conclusion It seems that the immune disturbance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can not be simply divided into Th1 predominant and Th2 predominant. It seems far complicated than this Th1/Th2 paradigm. It may be affected by the state of disease activity, the lesion location and the type of pathology.

Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Water

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Yang Deficiency ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the effects of Ileus tube (IT) along with somatostatin (SS) used for treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Under conventional treatment,75 patients with SAP were divided into three groups as per different additional treatments,namely group A (IT and SS),group B (nasogastric decompression tube and SS),and group C (IT alone),and the therapeutic efficacies of those treatments were evaluated in respects of improvement of physical signs and symptems,dynamic changes in decompression drainage and prognosis.Results Therapeutic efficacy was 100％ in group A,84％ in group B and 80％ in group C.The difference between group A and B was x2 =8.26 (P ＜0.01) ; group B vs.C was x2 =0.38 (P ＞ 0.05).The physical signs and symptoms in group A were improved more rapid than those in group B and C (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant differences in those signs and symptoms between group B and group C (P ＞ 0.05).In comparison of decompression drainage,the t value of group A vs.group B was 2.14,group B vs.group C was 3.83,and group A vs.group C was 2.23 (P ＜ 0.05).As cure rate of patients with SAP in hospital on the 14th day,rate of transferring to surgical treatment as a last resort and mortality in group A were compared with group B and C,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),while group B vs.C,the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Application of IT combined with SS can significantly improve the condition of patients with SAP,thereby reducing the operation rate,shortening hospital stay,lowering mortality and improving the outcome,and it is worthy of clinical popularization.