According to the synonymous codons used in 28 open reading frames from Pichia pastoris, the codon usage in this species was calculated and 19 codons have been inferred to be its optimal codons. The results show that pattern of the codon usage in P. pastoris is similar to that in S. cerevisiae and in K. lactis except for the synonymous codon of glutamic acid, which may be the special bias of P. pastoris.

Cardiac Catheterization ; standards ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; therapy ; Humans

Objective To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different puncture positions in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods Three hundred fifty-six patients who underwent PCNL were analyzed from March 2012 to October 2015. The passage caliber was 16F-20F. There were 217 cases in prone position and 139 cases in supine position. Results The successful operation in PCNL was 354 cases , while the remaining 2 cases were performed by open surgery. The primary stone clearance rate was 75.5%. The additional PCNLs were performed in 23 cases, and 63 cases of residual calculi were treated by ESWL. 11 patients were treated due to infection or bleeding by the additional PCNLs. There were 3 cases with massive hemorrhage which were treated by Interventional embolization therapy , 12 cases in postoperative fever , no renal resection , no intestinal injury, no deaths. There was no significant difference in stone clearance rate and complication rate between the two groups. Conclusion The puncture position of PCNL can be optional based on the stone size , stone location, degree of hydronephrosis ,and patient′s cardiopulmonary condition individually.

Animals ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Yang Deficiency ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Young Adult

Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Water

Objective To evaluate the factors influencing the reproducibility and validity of food group intakes measured by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Chinese men. Methods A total of 214 adult men were randomly selected from the Shanghai Men Health Study (SMHS), an ongoing cohort study conducted in urban Shanghai. Each subject who had completed the first FFQ survey at recruitment took 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR) surveys which were conducted once a month for 12 consecutive months and a second FFQ at the end of the study. Two FFQs were administered approximately 1.2 years apart. The food items listed in FFQ and obtained from 24-HDR were categorized into 11 food groups. The factors influencing the reproducibility of the FFQ was assessed by comparing the Pearson correlation of intake levels from the two FFQs, while the factors influencing the validity was evaluated by comparing intake levels from the second FFQ with the multiple 24-HDRs. Results A total of 195 men completed all 12 times of 24-HDR and twice FFQ surveys. The median Pearson correlation coefficients of the food groups between the two FFQs in older vs younger age group were 0.62 vs 0.50;in higher vs lower education level group were 0.58 vs 0.50;in higher vs lower income group were 0.51 vs 0.50;in higher vs lower BMI group were 0.50 vs 0.49. The median Pearson correlation coefficients of the food groups between the second FFQ and 24-HDRs in older vs younger age group were 0.61 vs 0.45;in higher vs lower education level group were 0.49 vs 0.47;in higher vs lower income group were 0.43 vs 0.57;in higher vs lower BMI group were 0.48 vs 0.51. Conclusions Age is the main factor influencing the reproducibility of the food group intakes by a FFQ used in the SMHS, while the factors influencing the validity are age and family income.

Objective To observe the influence of ATP protection after brachial plexus injuries. Methods A total of 80 female Wistar rats,weighting 280～300 g,were randomly divided into ATP and con- trol groups.The right C_5～T_1 nerve roots were transected and then the intraperitoneal injection of 4m[ of ATP or normal saline was given immediately and once daily to the rats,respectively.The rats were sacrificed on postoperative days 14,28 and 42 respectively.The C_5-T_1 segments of the spinal cord were harvested.NT-3 activity was measured by enzymo-histochemistry method.Four weeks and 6 weeks postoperatively,ultrastruc- ture of the denervated skeletal muscles was observed.Results Compared to the control group,the expres- sions of NT-3 was increased in the treated groups with ATP injection (P

0.05)between the images from the two groups.Conclusion When scanning the heart with volume CT(VCT),the application of ECG modulated mA can effectively reduce the exposure dosage without sacrificing the image quality.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and reliability for coronary artery stenosis and in-stent restenosis detection using 64-slice spiral computed tomography(multislice CT,MSCT) angiography and digital subtraction angiography(DSA).Methods A pulsating cardiac phantom with two simulated coronary arteries was scanned on a 64- slice CT scanner and underwent DSA at static state,at 4 different sinus rhythms of 0,50,70,and 90 beats per minute(bpm).One simulated artery was 3 mm in lumen diameter with 3 segments of 25%,50%,and 75% stenoses.A stent with 2 segments of 50% and 75% stenoses was placed into the other artery with 4mm in lumen diameter.Images from MSCT were analyzed and compared with those from DSA.Results(1)The mean values of the 25%,50%,and 75% stenoses measured with MSCT were(30.0?1.4)%,(49.5?1.3)%,and(72.9?3.9)%,respectively (P values were 0.005,0.531,and 0.369 respectively).The mean values of the 25%,50%,and 75% stenoses measured with DSA were(24.8?2.0)%,(48.2?2.1)%,(75.3?2.4)% respectively (P values were 0.883,0.180,and 0.796,respectively).(2)MSCT was susceptible to heart rate,with artifact increasing as heart rate increasing,especially when the heart rate were ≥70 bpm.(3)There was a good correlation between 64-slice MSCT and DSA(r=0.995,P=0.000).(4)64-slice MSCT could show the stent and in- stent restenosis simutaneously.Its capability to depict in-stent restenosis was limited.The depiction rate of 50% in- stent restenosis were(46.4?4.5)%(0 bpm)and(43.6?5.7)%(50 bpm) respectively(P