Objective To systematically review the existing evidence about the effect of medial and lateral (crossed) entry pins versus only lateral entry pin fixation on the supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children.Methods Eligible studies were identified in Cochrane library,the Cochrane Bone,Joint and Muscle Trauma Group (till March 2011 ),Medline (from 1966 to March 2011 ),EMbase (from 1966 to 2011 ),CBM (from January 1979 to March 2011 ),PubMed,Wanfang Data (from 2000 to March 2011 ) and CNKI and the references of the included studies and several Chinese orthopedic journals were manually searched.Then,the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized controlled trials (CCTs) about two entries (crossed and only lateral pinning) for supracondylar fractures of humerus in children were collected.After evaluation of methodology with the enrolled studies,available data was extracted and systematic review was conducted via the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.Results In total,five RCTs involving 311 patients were involved.Compared with the preoperative data,the meta-analysis results showed no significant difference in reduction stability in terms of change in Baumann angle and Carrying angle between the two groups.For the postoperative function outcome including complete reduction,Flynn grade and full return to function,no significant difference was found between the two groups.For the postoperative complications,there was no difference in the infection of pin tract,though lateral entry resulted in a significant lower incidence of the iatrogenic nerve injury compared with the medial and lateral entry.Conclusions With the Kirschner wire fixation for supracondylar fractures of humerus in children,current existing evidences indicate that the lateral entry of pinning has similar results in reduction stability,function outcome and incidence of pin tract infection compared with medial and lateral entry.Nevertheless,lateral entry,as a safe pinning technique,may effectively decrease the risk of iatrogenic nerve injury

Objective To summarize the first 16 eases in mainland China and to discuss the cli-nical experience of robot-assisted laparoseopie radical prostateetomy(RLRP). Methods Sixteen pa-tients with localized prostate carcinoma underwent RLRP with da Vinci S surgical system (Intuitive Surgical Inc.). The age of the patients was 62-76 years, average 69 years. The preoperative t-PSA level was 0.2-79. 2. Ng/ml. The volume of prostate was 9.8-232.9 ml. Fifteen patients were with biopsy-proven prostate cancer, the average Gleason score was 7(4-9). Three were T2a. N0 M0, 4 were T2b N0 M0 and 8 were T2c N0/M0 by clinical stage. One was prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm-Ⅲ. The level of t-PSA in serum and the result of urinary continence were followed up after RLRP. Results All the operations were accomplished successfully. The mean preoperative set-up time of the da Vinci surgical system was 64(60--90)min;the mean operation time was 236(190--390)rain;the mean esti-mated blood loss was 231(50-500)m.L The patients were ambulant between the 2nd and 3rd postop-erative days. Foley catheter was sueeeasfully removed on day 10 to 14, and mean hospital stay was 13 (6-19) days. Two eases had positive surgical margins, the pathological stages were both pT3b N0 M0. The average serum t-PSA was less than 0. 1 ng/ml during a median follow-up of 9(6-12) months. By the conventional definition of urinary continence (0 to 1 pads daily), 94%(15/16) and 100% (16/16)of patients were continent at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Of the patients, 75% (12/16)and 88% (14/16)had no urinary leakage(0 pads daily). Conclusions RLRP is small incision and safe. It is the direction of minimally invasive urologic surgery.

Objective To distinguish choriocarcinoma from gestational or non-gestational choriocarcinoma and also identify the causative pregnancy of gestational choriocarcinoma by the genetic origin through molecular genetic analysis. Methods Twelve patients with choriocarcinoma, who had experienced surgery prior to chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. All 12 cases were diagnosed pathologically as choriocarcinoma. Peripheral venous blood samples and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of choriocarcinoma tissue microdissected from haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of tissue by microdissection method were available from the patient and (or) her husband. DNA was then prepared from the couples' blood samples and choriocarcinoma tissue by using standard techniques. PCR amplification and fluorescent microsatellite genotyping were performed by using DNA from the couples and captured choriocarcinoma tissues. The genetic contributions to the choriocarcinoma tissue were determined by comparing the fragments of genes from the choriocarcinoma tissue to those from blood samples of the couples. Results The primary lesion was ovary in 7 cases, but only 4 of them had the maternal contribution, indicating a non-gestational origin; the other three were gestational choriocarcinoma. The primary lesion was uterus in 5 cases, which were all gestational choriocarcinoma confirmed by genetic analyses. The causative pregnancies of the 8 cases with gestational choriocarcinoma were identified as androgenetic complete hydatidiform mole (AnCHM) in six cases and normal pregnancies in two cases, respectively. Conclusion Microsatellite polymorphism analysis is a molecular approach for distinguishing the non-gestational choriocarcinoma from the gestational one, and also be used to identify the causative pregnancy of gestational choriocarcinoma.

Objective The observation Shengrong Capsule union chemotherapy treatment to a treatment invalid non-small-cell lung cancer curative effect and the poisonous side reaction.Methods Using Shengrong Capsule to unite other commonly used chemotherapy medicine compositions the union ehemotheraPY plan to treat the non-small-cell lung cancer 68 examples to observe its curative effect and the poisonous side effect.Results Treatment group in the near future alleviating rate 89.2%,comparison group 70.1%;Symptom improvement rate:The treatment group 81.5%,the comparison group is 53.9%;The white blood cell descending rate treatment group is 29.0%,the comparison group is 41.9%;The blood platelet descending rate treatment group is 29.0%,the comparison group is 48.4%;Statistics processing has the remarkable difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion This group of materials demonstrated Shengrong Capsule joinfly to treat the non-small cell lung cancer with other chemotherapy medicines to obtain 89.2% alleviating rate,also can the obvious blood and the non-system a sanguineum poisonous side reaction,Shengrong Capsule be is effective,economical and safe.

In order to realize epicardium dynamic mapping of the whole atria, 3-D graphics are drawn with OpenGL. Some source codes are introduced in the paper to explain how to produce, read, and manipulate 3-D model data.
Body Surface Potential Mapping ; methods ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Pericardium ; anatomy & histology ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software Design

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; analysis

Objective To discuss the safety and effectiveness of robot-assisted thyroidectomy using Da Vinci system.Methods Endoscopic thyroidectomy assisted by Da Vinci system was performed in 20 patients,including 5 cases of thyroidadenoma,4 cases of nodular goiter,and 11 cases of thyroid carcinoma.The max diameter of thyroid lump is 5.33 cm.Among 9 cases of benign thyroid neoplasm,5 cases underwent unilateral subtotal lobectomy,and 4 cases underwent unilateral near total thyroidectomy.Among 11 cases of thyroid carcinoma,7 cases underwent bilateral near total thyroidectomy,and 4 cases underwent bilateral total thyroidectomy,at the same time,all the 11 cases underwent central region lymph node dissection.Results The robot-assisted endoscopic thymidectomy was successfully carried out in 20 cases.The mean operation time was 206.4 (105～372)min.The mean operative blood loss was 27.3 ml.The draining tube was moved 3 to 6 days after surgery.The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.9 days.The mean hospital expense was 60 172 yuan RMB.No complication occurred.20 patients were satisfied with the cosmetic effect and compararive curative effect.Conclusions The robot-assisted endoscopic thymidectomy is an efective method for thyroid diseases.The methed can get more clear vision,higher safety,and good cosmetic efect.

Objective To investigate the effects of partial body weight supported treadmill training (BW- STT) on post-stroke depression (PSD) and on patients' quality of life.Methods Sixty patients with PSD were re- cruited and divided into a training group (n=30,male 17,female 13) and a control group (n=30,male 16,fe- male 14).All patients were treated with routine internal medication and rehabilitation.The patients of the training group also received BWSTT in addition to their routine treatment.All patients' neurological impairment was evaluated using the Modified Edinburgh-Scandinavian Stroke Scale (MESSS).The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) was used for evaluating the degree of depression.The Fugl-Meyer scale and the Barthel index were used to assess ambula- tion and balance,and facility in the activities of daily living.All patients were assessed before and after the treat- ment.Results After four weeks of treatment,depression in the training group had improved significantly more than in the control group.Conclusion BWSTT intervention is very important for patients with PSD:it can reduce the degree of depression and improve the quality of life.

OBJECTIVE Licorice is used throughout the world as a traditional herbal remedy. Ac-cording to Chinese traditional medicine licorice alone can be used to treat inflammation.Although there have been some studies investigated the anti-inflammatory ingredients of licorice, but for the potency of flavonoid glycoside and their aglycones on inflammation are not evaluated.This study was designed to assess the contributions of licorice flavonoid glycosides and their aglycons to its anti-inflammatory and hypnotic effects. METHODS For the flavonoid aglycone's enrichment, the extract of licorice (EL) was fermented in submerged culture of the edible fungus Grifola frondosa HB0071 mycelia which can produce β-glucosidase and catalyze the flavonoid glycosides to aglycones.EL and fermented extract of licorice (FEL) were used in this study. The anti-inflammation test was carried out in arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear edema model and the hypnotic test was performed by using electroencephalogram (EEG)analysis method in normal freely moving SD rats.The chemicals constituents were analyzed by HPLC.RESULTS During fermentation,the falvonoid glycosides of licorice were hydrolyzed by the time process.Along with fermentation time,the concentration of the major flavonoid glycosides,liquiritin and isoliquiritin were decreased obviously, and simultaneously their aglycons, liquiritigenin and isoliquiriti-genin were remarkably increased in FEL.Moreover,the content of another major constituent glycyrrhi-zic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid were not changed after the fermentation. In AA-induced mice ear ede-ma test,after topical application,FEL(effective dose range:5-20 μg·ear-1)showed more potent inhibito-ry activity than EL(effective dose range:25-100 μg·ear-1).On the other hand,oral administration of EL and FEL exhibited the same hypnotic potency and both enhanced the total sleep time including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep time. CONCLUSION These results suggested that the enrichment of flavonoid aglycons such as liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin enhanced the anti-inflam-matory potency of licorice extract,and this potentiation has nothing to do with glycyrrhizic acid or glycyr-rhetinic acid.In addition,enrichment of flavonoid aglycones did not alter the hypnotic effect of licorice.

Thermogravimetry (TG), TG-MS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM)-energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) were adopted to investigate the pyrolysis characteristics of calamina. According to the findings of the qualitative and quantitative studies on the changes in the content of relevant elements, the whole shape, the functional groups, and the volatile components of calamina before and after being pyrolyzed, the 200-360, 580-750 degrees C were two sensitive temperature ranges related to the changes in effective component during calamina processing. Thermal weight loss was observed for ZnCO3, Zn(OH)2 and ZnCO3-2Zn(OH)2-H2O under 200-360 degrees C and for CaCO3 under 580-750 degrees C. The results of studies on chemical reaction kinetics showed good linear relations. This experiment integrated relevant methods and theories of physical chemistry and science of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and interpretes calamina processing techniques and mechanism, in order to provide a good example for modem studies on other traditional Chinese medicine processing.
Drug Combinations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Temperature ; Zinc Oxide ; chemistry