Adolescent ; Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Respiratory System ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and reliability for coronary artery stenosis and in-stent restenosis detection using 64-slice spiral computed tomography(multislice CT,MSCT) angiography and digital subtraction angiography(DSA).Methods A pulsating cardiac phantom with two simulated coronary arteries was scanned on a 64- slice CT scanner and underwent DSA at static state,at 4 different sinus rhythms of 0,50,70,and 90 beats per minute(bpm).One simulated artery was 3 mm in lumen diameter with 3 segments of 25%,50%,and 75% stenoses.A stent with 2 segments of 50% and 75% stenoses was placed into the other artery with 4mm in lumen diameter.Images from MSCT were analyzed and compared with those from DSA.Results(1)The mean values of the 25%,50%,and 75% stenoses measured with MSCT were(30.0?1.4)%,(49.5?1.3)%,and(72.9?3.9)%,respectively (P values were 0.005,0.531,and 0.369 respectively).The mean values of the 25%,50%,and 75% stenoses measured with DSA were(24.8?2.0)%,(48.2?2.1)%,(75.3?2.4)% respectively (P values were 0.883,0.180,and 0.796,respectively).(2)MSCT was susceptible to heart rate,with artifact increasing as heart rate increasing,especially when the heart rate were ≥70 bpm.(3)There was a good correlation between 64-slice MSCT and DSA(r=0.995,P=0.000).(4)64-slice MSCT could show the stent and in- stent restenosis simutaneously.Its capability to depict in-stent restenosis was limited.The depiction rate of 50% in- stent restenosis were(46.4?4.5)%(0 bpm)and(43.6?5.7)%(50 bpm) respectively(P

According to the synonymous codons used in 28 open reading frames from Pichia pastoris, the codon usage in this species was calculated and 19 codons have been inferred to be its optimal codons. The results show that pattern of the codon usage in P. pastoris is similar to that in S. cerevisiae and in K. lactis except for the synonymous codon of glutamic acid, which may be the special bias of P. pastoris.

The objective of the present study was to establish a method based on principal component analysis (PCA) for the study of transdermal delivery of Chinese medicinal formulae, and to choose the best penetration enhancers for Qingfei Xiaocuo gel depend on this method. Using improved Franz type diffusion cell and excised rat skin in vitro as transdermal barrier, the receptive solution fingerprint was established by HPLC, harvesting the areas of the common peaks in the fingerprint, then the total factor scores of the concentrations at different times were calculated using PCA and were employed instead of the concentrations to compute the cumulative amounts (Q12) and enhancement ratio (ER), the latter of which were considered as the indexes for optimizing penetration enhancers. Compare to the control group, the ER of the other groups increased significantly and furthermore, 2.5% azone with 2.5% menthol manifested the best effect. PCA represent most information in the receptive solution, the method above could choose the best penetration enhancers, it could be a reference for the study of transdermal delivery of Chinese medicinal formulae.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Gels ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Principal Component Analysis ; Skin ; metabolism

Objective To explore the effect of glucocorticoid receptor(GR)expression in rat hippocampus on cognitive function after traumatic brain injury(TBI). Methods The TBI model wag established in rats.Then,immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the GR expression and evaluate its relation with cognitire dysfunction by Morris water maze. Results Expression of hippocampal GR was down-regulated 4-10 days after TBI.Morris water maze test showed significant impairment of the cognitive function in rats. Conclusion There is correlation between expression change of hippocampal GR and cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of calcyclin binding protein (CacyBP)in the brain of rat model of traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods Sixty 60 male SD rats were divided randomly into normal control group (n=10) and TBI group (n=50).The TBI model was created by using lateral head rotation device and subdivided into 6 h,24 h,72 h,7 d and 14 d group (10 rats per group).The expression and distribution of CacyBP in the rat brain was investigated immunohistochemically.The presence of the brown stained particles was considered aspositiveand lack of the stained particles agnegative. Results CacyBP was mainly distributed in the hippocampus,dentate gyrus and cortical neuron cytoplasm.Compared with the high level expression of CacyBP in the normal control group,the expression of CacyBP was decreased to the lowest in the rat brain at 6 h post TBI (P<0.01),became stronger gradually at 24 hours and recovered to normal at day 14,with no statistical difference compared with normal control group (P>0.05). Conclusion The lowest level expression of CacyBP after TBI indicates that CacyBP may play an important role in development of brain injury under effect of difierent mechanisms.

Objective To compare the anterograde amnesia produced by midazolam,propofol and dexmedetomidine when used to supplement sedation during neuraxial anesthesia.Methods Sixty patients of both sexes,aged 18-50 yr,with body mass index of 23-26 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective operation on lower limbs with neuraxial anesthesia,were divided into 3 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:midazolam group (group M),propofol group (group P) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).When the height of anesthesia was kept below T10,midazolam in a loading dose of O.05 mg/kg was intravenously injected in group M,propofol in a loading dose of O.4 mng/kg was intravenously injected in group P,and dexmedetomidine in a loading dose of 0.6 μg/kg was intravenously injected in group D.The infusion rate of the 3 drugs was adjusted to maintain bispectral index value at 82-86.When Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale scores achieved 3 or 4 after administration,anterograde amnesia was measured by postoperative recall of cards.The development of intraoperative hypotension,bradycardia and respiratory depression was recorded.Results Compared with group M,the incidence of global amnesia was significantly decreased in P and D groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of global amnesia between group P and group D (P＞ 0.05).No patients developed hypotension,bradycardia or respiratory depression in three groups.Conclusion Midazolam produces better anterograde amnesia than propofol and dexmedetomidine when used to supplement sedation during neuraxial anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the relation of 11C-methionine (11C-MET) uptake with cell proliferation and angiogenesis in human brain gliomas .Methods For 30 cases of newly diagnosed glioma patients ,positron emission tomography (PET ) examina-tion with 11C-MET was performed ,and the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 11C-MET was measured .Expression of Ki-67 and CD34 antigens was examined by immunohistochemistry method in the same glioma samples ,both Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) and microvessel density (MVD) were measured .Results Both 11C-MET SUVmax and Ki-67 LI increased significantly with glioma pathological grade ascending (P=0 .000 ,P=0 .000) ,and which in malignant glioma tissues were significantly higher than those in benign glioma tissues as well (P=0 .000 ,P=0 .000);however ,there were not significant differences in MVD among different grades of gliomas (P=0 .831) as well as between high and low malignant gliomas (P=0 .370) .11 C-MET SUVmax was significantly positively correlated with Ki-67 LI (P= 0 .000) ,however ,there were not significant correlations between 11C-MET SUVmax and MVD (P=0 .154) as well as between Ki-67 LI and MVD (P=0 .842) .Conclusion 11C-MET uptake and cell prolif-eration activity can better reflect the pathological grades and malignant degrees of gliomas .

Objective To evaluate the effect of preconditioning with nimodipine on postoperative cognitive dys function of aged rats.Methods Ninety healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 18 months,weighing 400-500 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:nimodipine control group (group N),surgery group (group S),and nimodipine + surgery group (N+ S group).In N and N + S groups,nimodipine 1 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S group.30 min later,group N inhaled pure oxygen for 2 h,and S and N + S groups inhaled 1.8 ％ isoflourane for 2 h when splenectomy was performed.Morris water maze test was performed on 1 day before operation and 1st,3rd and 7th days after operation.After the end of Morris water maze test at 1 day before operation and 1st and 7th days after operation,10 rats were sacrificed and brains were removed and hippocampi were isolated for determination of apoptosis in hippocampal neurons,intracellular [Ca2+] i in cytoplasm,and hippocampal Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression and for examination of ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons.Results Compared with the value before administration,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased,apoptotic rate and [Ca2+]i were increased,Bcl-2 mRNA expression was down-regulated,and Bax mRNA expression and Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were up-regulated at each time point after operation in S and N + S groups,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in N group.Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was inecreased,apoptotic rate and [Ca2+]i were decreased,Bcl-2 mRNA expression was up-regulated,and Bax mRNA expression was down-regulated at each time point after operation in group N + S.Pathological changes were found in S and N + S groups and the damage was severer in S group than in N + S group.Conclusion Nimodepine preconditioning can prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction of aged rats,and inhibition of calcium overloadinduced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the prone position on pulmonary gas exchange during mechanical ventilation under general anesthesia.Methods Thirty patients scheduled for elective spine surgery in the prone position under general anesthesia (group prone,n =30),30 patients scheduled for elective spine surgery in the supine position under general anesthesia (group supine,n=30),aged 30-64 yr,with body mass index of 19-30 kg/m2,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were enrolled in the study.After induction of general anesthesia,the patients were mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with total intravenous anesthesia.At 10 min before pre-oxygenation (T0),10 min after intubation (immediately after the patients were moved from the supine to the prone position) (T1),45 and 90 min after intubation (T2,3),5 min before extubation (immediately before supine position to the prone position) (T4),and 15 min after extubation (T5),arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis,and PaO2 and PaCO2 were recorded.Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2) was calculated.Digital radiography was performed and the changes of the lung were observed.Results Compared with supine group,PaO2 was significantly increased and A-aDO2 was decreased at T1-4 in prone group.There was no significant difference in PaCO2,and PaO2 and A-aDO2 at T0 and T5 between the two groups.The results of digital radiography showed no atelectasis at different time points in either group.Conclusion Pulmonary gas exchange in the prone position is superior to that in the supine position during mechanical ventilationunder general anesthesia.