Fermentation conditions for the production of spores of Bacillus mucilaginosus mutant 021120 were optimized through the single factor and orthogonal experiments.The results showed that the biomass and formation of spores were obviously affected by carbonate,followed by nitrogen.Addition of CaCO3 and enhancing air flux notably promoted the formation of spores.The optimal culture medium was composed of 2% starch,0.4% Yeast,0.1% K2HPO4,0.1% MgSO4?7H20 and 0.5 %CaCO3,pH7.5.6% of the inoculum prepared with two-stage extensive culture was inoculated into a 70L fermentor.The fermentation was carried out with 2.0~2.5 vvm of air flux at 32℃ for 38~42h,and the spores of 9.80?108 cfu ml-1 was obtained.Under these optimal fermentation conditions,the capsule was successfully controled and the formation of the spores was effectively improved,thus the satisfying bacteial product was obtained.

The objective of the present study was to establish a method based on principal component analysis (PCA) for the study of transdermal delivery of Chinese medicinal formulae, and to choose the best penetration enhancers for Qingfei Xiaocuo gel depend on this method. Using improved Franz type diffusion cell and excised rat skin in vitro as transdermal barrier, the receptive solution fingerprint was established by HPLC, harvesting the areas of the common peaks in the fingerprint, then the total factor scores of the concentrations at different times were calculated using PCA and were employed instead of the concentrations to compute the cumulative amounts (Q12) and enhancement ratio (ER), the latter of which were considered as the indexes for optimizing penetration enhancers. Compare to the control group, the ER of the other groups increased significantly and furthermore, 2.5% azone with 2.5% menthol manifested the best effect. PCA represent most information in the receptive solution, the method above could choose the best penetration enhancers, it could be a reference for the study of transdermal delivery of Chinese medicinal formulae.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Gels ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Principal Component Analysis ; Skin ; metabolism

AlM:To observe the relationship between axial length and complications of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens ( lOL) implantation in high axial myopia eyes and normal axis eyes.
METHODS: A retrospective review of 843 consecutive patients ( 1 042 eyes ) of cataract extraction with phacoemulsification and lOL implantation in our hospital from February 2012 to February 2013 was performed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the axial length: 853 eyes were in normal axis group ( 21-24mm) and 189 eyes were in high axial myopia group (≥26mm). The two groups were compared regarding surgical complications, such as vitreous loss, posterior capsular rupture, nucleolus drop, and abnormal location of lOL.
RESULTS:Age was a risk factor in both groups. There was positive correlation between age and surgical complications, and between axial length and surgical complications, especially for complications with posterior capsular rupture and vitreous loss.
CONCLUSlON:As the results illustrate, in this survey, age and high axial lengthare statistically significant risk factors for incidence of complications of phacoemulsification. Anticipation of these complications and also preparation and prophylactic measures may decrease incidence of these complications.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; virology

Objective To study the discharges regularity of ambulatory electroencephalogram (ambulatory,EEG,AEEG)during sleep and hyperventilation(HV)-induced EEG. Methods Features of epileptiform discharges of AEEG and HV-induced EEG were evaluated comparatively in 65 cases with frontal lobe epilepsy. Results The epileptiform discharge rate of HV-induced EEG was evidently lower than that of AEEG during the shallow sleep period (non-rapid-eye-movement phase 1 and 2,NREM phase 1 and 2),which had statistical significance(P＜0.01);however,the rate of HV-induced EEG had no significant difference from that of AEEG during the awake period and deep sleep period(NREM phase 3 and 4)(P＞0.05). Conclusions The epileptiform discharge rate of AEEG during the shallow sleep period is obviously higher than that of HV-induced EEG in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy,and thus sleep EEG is helpful to enhance the diagnostic rate of epileptiform discharges in these patients.

Objective To test the effects of human-computer interaction intelligent compression package for heparin injection in patients with orthopedic surgery.Methods From July 2015 to June 2016,108 patients with orthopedic surgery were enrolled in the study,and were divided into the experimental group (54 cases) and the control group(54 cases) by random number table.The experimental group was given heparin injection with human-computer interaction intelligent compression package for 3 min,while the control group was given manual compression for 3 min.We evaluated the incidence and severity of subcutaneous hemorrhage and nurses' operating time of two groups.Results The incidence of subcutaneous hemorrhage was 3.9％ in the experimental group,12.4％ in the control group(P＜0.05).The operating time was(100.4±8.7 s) for the experimental group and(233.8±15.3 s) for the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusion Using human-computer interaction intelligent compression package can reduce the incidence of subcutaneous hemorrhage.It can also reduce the working hours of nurses and optimize human resources.

OBJECTIVETo assess the influence of spermatic vein and artery ligation on testicular hemodynamics, spermatogenesis and testis volume in varicocele patients.

METHODSEighty-eight varicocele patients were randomly divided into a spermatic vein and artery ligation (n = 46) and a spermatic vein and artery preservation group (n = 42). The testicular hemodynamic parameters, testis volume and results of semen analyses were obtained before and 6 months after the surgery and compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in peak systolic velocity (V(max)), end diastolic velocity (V(min)), mean enveloped velocity (V(mean)) and V(min) of the capsular artery (CA) either between the ligation and preservation groups (P > 0.05) or between pre- and post-operation (P > 0.05). Sperm density, vitality and motility were significantly improved after surgery (P < 0.01), with no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found in the testis volume between the two groups before and after the operation (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSpermatic vein and artery ligation in varicocelectomy does not affect the testicular hemodynamics, spermatogenesis and testis volume of varicocele patients. Both the spermatic vein and artery should be ligated when necessary.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arteries ; surgery ; Humans ; Ligation ; methods ; Male ; Spermatic Cord ; blood supply ; Testis ; blood supply ; Varicocele ; surgery ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Veins ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of ultrasound mediated microbubble destruction on capillary permeability in rat skeletal muscles.

METHODSEighteen SD rats were randomized into 3 groups, namely the Evans blue (EB) group, EB+ultrasound (E+U) group and EB+microbubble+ultrasound (U+E+M) group with corresponding treatments, using EB injected into the carotid artery as the indicator for capillary permeability. The microbubbles were injected through the carotid artery with fixed ultrasound parameters. The spillover of EB was estimated under fluorescence microscope according to the visual staining scores. The contents of EB in the skeletal muscles were calculated according to the standard curve and spectrophotometry.

RESULTSEB spillover was observed around the capillaries in E+U+M group, which had a significantly higher visual score than EB group and E+U group (0 and 0-1, respectively, P<0.05). The EB content was 51.57-/+3.89 microg/g in E+U+M group, also significantly higher than those in EB group (28.99-/+4.67 microg/g) and E+U group (30.99-/+4.11 microg/g) (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONExposure to both ultrasound and microbubble contrast agents results in increased capillary permeability of rat skeletal muscles, which might be an important mechanisms for gene delivery enhancement by ultrasound contrast agents.

Animals ; Capillary Permeability ; physiology ; Coloring Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Contrast Media ; administration & dosage ; Evans Blue ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Male ; Microbubbles ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Muscle, Skeletal ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrophotometry ; Ultrasonics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transformed by nucleus pulposus (NPs) for construction of tissue engineering disc.

METHODSBM-MSCs and fetal NPs were cultured in vitro, planted on polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), and observed with inverted microscope and scanning electronic microscope. PLGA scaffolds with adherent BM-MSCs and NPs, as well as BM-MSCs and NPs suspension were implanted into intervertebral discs of New Zealand white rabbits, respectively. Intervertebral signal intensity was evaluated by Thompson grading 12 weeks later. Proteoglycan and type IIcollagen were determined by spectrophotometric method and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

RESULTSSpindle or multi-angular BM-MSCs turned into fibro-like phenotype coculture of BM-MSCs and NPs, which grew well with normal morphology when they attached on PLGA scaffolds. There was statistical difference in intervertebral signal intensity, and the expression of proteoglycan and type IIcollagen between PLGA scaffolds group and control group (P < 0.05), the content of proteoglycan was (3.93 ± 0.31) mg/100 mg in the PLGA scaffolds group whereas (3.52 ± 0.26) mg/100 mg in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSBM-MSCs can be induced into NPs by cocultivation, and PLGA scaffolds can provide good growing conditions, and maintain high mechanical properties and spacial structure which meet the requirement of tissue engineering disc to prevent degeneration.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; cytology ; Lactic Acid ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Rabbits ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in brain injury after the induction chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by cranial MRI.

METHODSThe clinical data and cranial MRI results of 62 children with ALL who were hospitalized from March 2014 to June 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSBefore chemotherapy, MRI showed bone marrow infiltration of the skull in 33 patients (53%); the children with WBC<20×10(9)/Lhad a significantly lower incidence rate of bone marrow infiltration of the skull than those with WBC≥20×10(9)/L (16 patients/42% vs 17 patients/71%; P<0.05), and the high-risk group had a significantly higher incidence rate of bone marrow infiltration of the skull than the non-high-risk group (71% vs 44%; P<0.05). Before chemotherapy, there were 4 cases (7%) of brain atrophy, and 2 cases (3%) of abnormal signals in the sensory conduction bundle. MRI reexamination in 28 patients after 3 months of chemotherapy showed 3 new cases (11%) of brain atrophy and 1 aggravated case of brain atrophy.

CONCLUSIONSThe children with ALL have bone marrow infiltration of the skull, brain atrophy, and abnormal signals in the sensory conduction bundle before chemotherapy, especially bone marrow infiltration of the skull, and some changes in brain injury disappear after treatment.

Adolescent ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Brain ; drug effects ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy ; adverse effects ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull ; pathology