Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent used in clinical for a long time. In recent years, many studies showed that its pharmacological activities of anti-tumor, heart function improvement, nerve protection and antiasthma depended on its inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase ( MMPs) . In the present paper,the new pharmacological actions of doxycycline were reviewed to promote the applications in clinics.

Objective To investigate the clinical value and adverse reactions of indwelling ureteral stentsinthepreventionofureteralinjurybeforecomplexpelvictumorsurgery.Methods 145casesofpatients with rectal cancer ,cervical cancer ,ovarian cancer and pelvic sarcomas were retrospectively analyzed ,and 53 pa-tients with complex pelvic tumor surgery ,preoperative were under cystoscope unilateral or bilateral ureteral stent tube,pulled out according to the intraoperative situation after surgery or lien ,92 patients as control group .Results Ureteral injury was found in 10 of the 145 patients,2 cases in ureteral catheter group and 8 cases in control group .3 cases of postoperative ureteral fistula occurred in the control group .Indwelling ureteral stents could cause adverse reactions such as hematuria ,osphyalgia and urinary irritation ,and the adverse reactions of catheter group was obviously higher than that of control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Cystoscopic ureteral stent placement has important clinical significance for prevention of ureteral injury despite certain adverse reactions ,which can be used in operation of complex pelvic tumor .

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of bochdalek′s hernia in children, especially to introduce the methods of repairing the defect of diaphragm using rib-flap and terylene fabric.Methods The diagnosis, misdiagnosis and methods of repairing of diaphragm in 10 cases of bochdalek′s hernia were retrospectively reviewed, and the findings of reconstruction of diaphragm in 2 cases of defect of diaphragm were analyzed.Results All of the 12 cases were misdiagnosed for the first time. Ten cases were cured through abdominal surgery and 2 cases were cured through reconstruction of diaphragm.Conclusions Bochdalek′s hernias in children are lack of specific clinical manifestation and often misdiagnosed before operation. Early surgical treatment is necessary once the diagnosis is established, and the defect of diaphragm should be reconstructed. The repairment of diaphragm using rib-flap and terylene fabric is a practical methods.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)according to the Montreal classification.nethods The clinical data of 110 cases of CD or UC were reviewed.The age at diagnosis.location and clinical behavior were assessed with the Montreal criteria.Results CD patients diagnosed at an age younger than 16 years were rare(3.6%),the majority of the CD patients was diagnosed at 17-40 years old(65.5%).Although ileocolon lesions were most common in the patients diagnosed at 17-40 years old(37.3%),yet ileum lesions were a little more than those of other parts of digestive tract in the patients diagnosed after 40 years old(14.5%),the difference was not significant(P=0.054).Stricture frequently occurred(50.4%),especially when the lesions were located at ileum or ileocolon.Perforation rarely happened(5.3%).There was no significant difference between different location groups for clinical behaviors(P=0.096).The incidence of stricture or perforation was almost same among different age groups(P=0.984).UC patients mostly presented with mild or moderate symptoms even in the group with extensive lesion.UC patients with severe symptoms were rare(6.8%).There was no significant difference in severity between the groups with different extent of lesion (P=0.056).Conclusions The majority of CD patients was diagnosed at 17-40 years old.Stricture is much more than perforation,penetrating,occurring mostly at ileum.UC patients mostly present mild or moderate symptoms,no matter how extensive the lesion is.The extent of the lesion detected with coloscopic examination is not correlated to the severity of clinical manifestations.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of double dosage Tamsulosin in treating patients with type Ⅲ prostatitis.Methods According to the results of prostate secretion(EPS) examination and the national institute health-chronic prostatitis symptom index(NIH-CPSI) questionnaire,120 patients with type Ⅲ prostatitis were recruited and randomly divided into single dosage group (n =60),treated with 0.2 mg Tamsulosin and placebo once daily for 12 weeks,and double dosage group (n =60),treated with 0.4mg Tamsulosin once daily for 12 weeks.Before treatment,the NIH-CPSI total scores in single and double dosage group were 26.91 ± 4.08 and 27.31 ± 4.98,respectively.The pain index in each group was 10.64±2.23 and 11.47 ± 3.00,respectively.The voiding index was 6.52 ± 2.24 and 6.41 ± 2.97 respectively.In those groups,the quality of life index was 9.68 ± 1.81 and 9.45 ± 1.79,respectively.All those items didn't show significant difference among those groups (P ＞ 0.05).The patients were follow-up and evaluate by those items on weeks 12.Results Because of losing during follow-up,4 patients were excluded from single dosage group.2 patients were excluded from double dosage group.After treatment in single dosage group,the NIH-CPSI total scores were 12.11 ± 3.60,pain index were 3.57 ± 1.67,voiding index were 2.88 ± 1.70,quality of life index were5.59 ± 2.06.After treatment in double dosage group,the NIH-CPSI total scores were 9.90 ± 4.15,pain index were 3.21 ± 2.21,voiding index were 2.21 ± 2.11,quality of life index were 4.50 ± 1.97.After 12 weeks treatment,the NIH-CPSI total scores,pain index,voiding index,quality of life index in both two groups were improved (P ＜ 0.05),and the double dosage group improve better(P ＜ 0.05).In the course of treatment,there were 2 cases of patients (3.8％) with adverse drug reactions in single dosage group,including dizziness in 1 case,headache in 1 cases.There were 4 cases of patients (6.9％) with adverse drug reactions in double dosage group,including dizziness in 3 cases of and rhinitis in 1 case.The rate of adverse reactions had no significant differences in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with single dosage Tamsulosin in the treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis,double therapy had a better efficacy.Double dosage Tamsulosin therapy had an equal safety to the single dosage Tamsulosin.

To study the preventive effect of Grifola frondosa on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The rat model of NASH was established by feeding high-fat diets for 12 weeks and intervened with 0.5 g · kg(-1) · d(-1) and 1.0 g · kg(-1) · d(-1) of C. frondosa powder suspensions. The degrees of hepatocyte fatty degeneration and inflammation were observed under the optical microscope with routine HE staining. The NAFLD activity scores (NAS) were calculated. Serum ALT, AST and hepatic TG and CHOL were tested by the biochemical method. The hepatic MDA was examined by thiobarbituric acid method. The hepatic SOD was tested by the xanthine oxidase test. The hepatic GSH-PX activity was determined by the dithio-nitrobenzoic acid method. Hepatic TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The NASH model group induced by high-fat diets showed higher hepatic NAS, ser- um ALT, AST, CHOL and hepatic TG, CHOL, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) and lower serum TG and hepatic SOD, GSH-PX (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) than the normal control group. After being intervened with different doses of G. frondosa, the NASH group revealed significantly lower hepatic NAS, serum ALT and hepatic TG, CHOL, MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 (P < 0.05) and higher hepatic SOD, GSH-PX (P < 0.05) than the model group. G. frondosa may prevent the further development of NASH by improving the disorder of lipid metabolism in rats with NASH induced by high-fat diets, relieving the level of oxidative stress and reducing the generation of inflammatory cytokines.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Grifola ; chemistry ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

AIM To investigate the improving effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on rat kidney injury induced by cisplatin and its mechanism of action.METHODS Fifty male SD rats (10 rats/group) were randomly divided into blank control group,kidney injury group,EGCG low-,middle-and high-dose (25,50 and 100 mg/kg) groups.The kidney injury group and the drug administration group were treated with 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin by intraperitoneal injection to build the kidney injury model,and the blank control group was intraperitoneally injected with normal saline.After fourteen days of administration,the general condition and morphological changes of kidney tissue by HE staining were observed;BUN,Cr,Cys-c contents in serum,and IL-18,KIM-1 contents in urine were detected by ELISA;MDA,GSH and T-SOD contents in renal cortex were determined by kit;Western blot method was used to determine the contents of Nrf2 protein in renal contex cytoplasm and nucleus,and the expression level of HO-1 protein.RESULTS EGCG intervention could improve the pathological structural changes of rat kidney injury induced by cisplatin,decrease kidney index,and decrease serum Cr,Cys-c contents and urine IL-18,KIM-1 contents.Moreover,renal cortex MDA concentration decreased,and renal cortex GSH concentration,T-SOD activity increased.At the same time,renal cortex cytoplasm Nrf2 content reduced,but nucleus Nrf2 and total cell HO-1 contents increased.CONCLUSION EGCG plays a role in the improvement of rat kidney injury induced by cisplatin through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of preconditioning with different concentrations of sevoflurane on hypoxia-reoxygenation(H/R)-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons and the role of mitochondrial KATP(mito-KATP)channels.Methods Primary cultured hippocampal neurons isolated from newborn SD rats(＜24h)of both sexes,weighing 5-6 g,were randomly divided into 7 groups with 48 wells and 12 dishes in each one:control group(C group),H/R group,preconditioning with 6%,4%and 2% sevoflurane groups(S1-3 groups),5-hydroxydecanoate(5-HD,mito-KATP channel blocker)100 μmol/L preconditioning group(5-HD group)and preconditioning with 5-HD 100 μmol/L+6% sevoflurane group(5-HD+S group).The neurons were exposed to 4 h hypoxia followed by 24 h reoxygenation. In S1-3 groups, preconditioning was performed with 6% , 4% and 2% sevoflurane respectively before H/R. In 5-HD group, preconditioning was performed with 5-HD (final concentration 100 μmol/L) before H/R. In 5-HD + S group, preconditioning was performed with 5-HD 100 μmol/L and 6% sevoflurane before H/R. The neuronal viability, apoptosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were determined after 24 h reoxygenation.Results The neuronal viability was significantly lower,while the apoptosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly higher in the other 6 groups than in group C(P＜0.01).The neuronal viability and expression of Bcl-2 were significantly higher,while the apoptosis rate and Bax expression were lower in S1-3 groups than in group H/R. There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between 5-HD and 5-HD + S groups(P＞0.05).The neuronal viability and expression of Bcl-2 were significantly lower, while the apoptosis rate and Bax expression were higher in S2, S3 and 5-HD + S groups than in group S1, and in group S3 than in group S2(P＜0.0l) .Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can inhibit H/R-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons and reduce the injury to neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, and the underlying mechanism may be related to activation of mito-KATP channels, up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and down-regulation of Bax expression.

Objective To study the current status of antimicrobial resistance of clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in China by analyzing the surveillance results in 2008.Methods N. gonorrhoeae strains were collected from 951 eligible patients at national monitoring sites for resistance of N. gonorrheae,including 156 patients from Jiangsu province,71 from Zhejiang province,102 from Fujian province,207 from Guangdong province,77 from Guangxi province,43 from Hainan province,80 from Sichuan province,44 from Chongqing,45 from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,72 from Shaanxi province,and 54 from Tianjin.The production of β-lactamase was detected by paper acidometric testing,and minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were determined by agar dilution method for spectinomycin,ciprofloxacin,cefiriaxone,tetracycline,respectively.Results Among the 951 N. gonorrhoeae isolates,2(0.21%)were resistant to spectinomycin,451(47.42%)showed reduced sensitivity to ceflriaxone,928(97.58%)were resistant to ciprofloxacin.Penicillinase-producing N.gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and plasmid mediated tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (TRNG) accounted for 34.91%(332/951)and 51.21%(487/951) of these isolates respectively.Kendall rank correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the positivity rate of TRNG and PPNG(r=0.20,P<0.01),but a negative correlation between the susceptibility to cefiriaxone in N.gonorrhoeae and positivity rate of PPNG(r=-0.09,P<0.01).No correlation was observed between the susceptibility to cefiriaxone and susceptibility to ciprofloxacin or the positivity rate of TRNG,or between the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and positivity rate of PPNG or TRNG.Chi-square analysis showed a marked increase in the percentage of N.gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone in Guangxi province,Hainan province,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Shaanxi province,the percentage of N.gonorrhoeae isolates with resisitance to spectinomycin in Shaanxi province,prevelance of TRNG in Guangdong province,and prevelance of PPNG in Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces compared with the average level (all P<0.05).Conclusions Thero is a significant diffefence in antimicrobial susceptibility of N.gonorrhoeae from difierent areas of China.A significant elevation is observed in the percentage of N.gonorrhoeae with reduced susceptibihty to cefifiaxone and resistance to spectinomycin in Shaanxi province.to which close attention should be paid.

Objective:To summarize the evidence for the link between rheumatoid arthritis and risk of vertebral fractures or vertebral deformities with a meta-analysis, so as to provide objective proof for early preventing and the development of vertebral deformity and fractures.Methods:Wanfang,CNKI,VIP,PUBMED,Springlink and Elsevier were retrieved for all publications relating to rheumatoid arthritis and vertebral fractures in women.According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,two investigators collected their data individually,then statistical analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software.Results: Eight case-control studies were enrolled, including 86 741 participants,2 258 of them with RA.The results of Meta-analysis showed that a higher incidence of vertebral fractures in RA,and Odds ratio was 3.70 with a 95%confidence interval(2.47-5.55,P<0.000 1).The publication bias analysis did not reveal any evidence of obvious asymmetry, and the sensitivity analysis showed that omission of any individual study made no significant difference for all comparison models,suggesting that our results were statistically robust.Conclusion:RA may be one of the risk factors for the vertebral fractures.