Ahigh-resolutionmethodforhumanleukocyteantigen-B(HLA-B)genotypingwasestablished based on the optimized polymerase chain reaction, cloning and sequencing technology. The exon2 and exon3 of HLA-B gene were amplified with primers based on the HLA-B gene sequence. These produced heterozygous alleles were effectively cloned into plasmid DNA based on the principle of plasmid incompatibility, and were followed by bacterial culture. Then Sanger sequencing was carried out and after analyzing the result by software ClustalX2 and IMTG/HLA database comparison, the HLA-B genotype of the samples was achieved. Seven clinical samples were detected, and the results were consistent with those of PCR-SBT genotyping method. The method was cost-effective, high-resolution and it did not require technical software. The use of universal primers simplified the cumbersome design and optimization process of specific primers.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to make a preliminary comparison of emergency department (ED) presentations between Australia and China. The comparison could provide insights into the health systems and burden of diseases and potentially stimulate discussion about the development of acute health system in China. METHODS: An observational study was performed to compare Australian ED presentations using data obtained from a single adult tertiary-referral teaching hospital in metropolitan Brisbane against Chinese ED presentations using public domain information published in existing Chinese and international medical journals. RESULTS: There are major differences in ED presentations between Australia and China. In 2008, 1) 35.4％ of patients arrived at a tertiary teaching hospital ED in Brisbane, Australia by ambulance; 2) 1.7％ were treated for poisoning; 3) 1.4％ for cerebral vascular disease; 4) 1.7％ for cardiac disease; and 5) 42.6％ for trauma. The top events diagnosed were mental health problems including general psychiatric examination, psychiatric review, alcohol abuse, and counselling for alcohol abuse, which accounted for 5.5％ of all ED presentations. Among ED patients in China, 6.7％ arrived at a tertiary teaching hospital by ambulance in Shenyang in 1997; 3.7％ were treated for poisoning in Shanxi Zhouzhi County People's Hospital ED in 2006; 14.9％ for cerebral vascular diseases at Qinghai People's Hospital ED in 1993-1995; 1.7％ for cardiac diseases at the Second People's Hospital ED, Shenzhen Longgang in 1993; and 44.3％ for trauma at Shanxi Zhouzhi County People's Hospital ED in 2006. The top events were trauma and poisoning among the young and cerebral infarction in the older population. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with Australian, Chinese ED patients had 1) lower ambulance usage; 2) higher proportion of poisoning; 3) higher proportion of cerebral vascular diseases; 4) similar proportion of cardiac disease; 5) similar proportion of trauma; and 6) little reported mental health problems. Possible explanations for these differences in China include a pay for service pre-hospital care system, lack of public awareness about poisons, inadequate hypertension management, and lack of recognition of mental health problems.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of bochdalek′s hernia in children, especially to introduce the methods of repairing the defect of diaphragm using rib-flap and terylene fabric.Methods The diagnosis, misdiagnosis and methods of repairing of diaphragm in 10 cases of bochdalek′s hernia were retrospectively reviewed, and the findings of reconstruction of diaphragm in 2 cases of defect of diaphragm were analyzed.Results All of the 12 cases were misdiagnosed for the first time. Ten cases were cured through abdominal surgery and 2 cases were cured through reconstruction of diaphragm.Conclusions Bochdalek′s hernias in children are lack of specific clinical manifestation and often misdiagnosed before operation. Early surgical treatment is necessary once the diagnosis is established, and the defect of diaphragm should be reconstructed. The repairment of diaphragm using rib-flap and terylene fabric is a practical methods.

Objective To make a further understanding of mammographic features of simple cyst of the breast (SCB).Methods Molybdenum target radiographic signs in 39 cases with SCB proved pathologically and were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 56 SCB in 39 cases, 23 were diagnosed rightly as SCB, 10 as fibroadenoma, 2 as cancer and the remaining 4 were undefined. The diagnostic accuracy and misdiagnosis were 59.0% and 41.0% respectively. Radiograph showed round in 12, ovoid in 38, mild lobed in 4 and comet tail form in 2. The borders of cyst were distinct and sharp in 26, distinct partly and indistinct partly in 27,indistinct completely in 3. The density was homogeneous in 54 with calcifications in 2. Of the 56 SCB, the length axes of cyst were upright to chest wall in 20 and towards nipple in 18. The cysts could be transformed with pressure in 4.Conclusion Careful analysis of radiographic features of SCB is helpful for diagnosing accurately this disease.

ObjectiveTo explore the neural basis of visual completion for the occluded faces.Methods2 types of visual stimuli were presented randomly: pictures of complete faces,pictures of incomplete faces(the occluded part was the left-top quadrant).Subjects were instructed to perform a gender discrimination task while event-related potentials(ERPs) were recorded.ResultsCompared with complete faces,incomplete faces enhanced the amplitude of N1 on the occipito-temporal scalp bilaterally,with the right hemisphere advantage.The peak latency of N2 elicited by incomplete faces was delayed compared with that of complete faces.ConclusionThe enhancement of N1 is related to visual completion processing that requires additional time.

ObjectiveTo investigate if there were potential components similar to auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) in the visual modality.MethodsEvent-related potentials (ERP) of 15 healthy adults were tested. Subjects were demanded to complete shape-matching task and double-matching task under 4 kinds visual stimuli including no-difference (Nd), contour-difference (Cd), shape-difference (Sd) and double-difference (Dd).ResultsWithin P1-N1 latent period (100～140 ms), three kinds of deviant stimuli (Cd, Sd, Dd) elicited a positivity, mismatch positivity (MMP). MMP amplitude elicited by Dd was a sum elicited by Cd and Sd (single-difference).ConclusionIn the visual modality, MMP elicited by warp stimulus may be an element similar to auditory MMN and reflect auto-processing of brain to visual stimulus.

Abstract: Suxamethonium chloride is a depolarizing muscle relaxant used in general anesthesia. In overdose, it causes adverse reactions such as bradycardia, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and death. The article reviews the progress on testing methods of suxamethonium chloride such as infrared spectroscopy, chemical color reaction, chemical titration, enzyme electrode, chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Anesthesia, General ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced* ; Biosensing Techniques ; Bradycardia/chemically induced* ; Chromatography ; Drug Overdose ; Heart Arrest/chemically induced* ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/analysis* ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Succinylcholine/analysis*

Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male

Pyrosequencing is one of the important genetic polymorphism detection methods currently, but the complicated pretreatment procedure limits its application in clinical test. To simplify the whole process of pyrosequencing, on the basis of the linear_after_the_exponential_polymerase chain reaction ( LATE_PCR) , we improved the primer design method of LATE_PCR, increased the length and the concentration of the excess primer, applied direct amplification technology with whole blood, and established a whole blood_imLATE_PCR method based on common rTaq polymerase and “HpH Buffer” ( High pH buffer ) . The amplification system was optimized, and the influences of blood anticoagulant and the amount of whole blood template were investigated. The single stranded template for the pyrosequencing was obtained by PCR amplification using a single tube in one_step process, and the alcohol dehydrogenase gene polymorphisms of 24 clinical blood samples were then detected successfully. The results could be used to guide clinical individualized medication. The genotypes of ADH1B locus of 24 samples were 6 cases of AA homozygote, 14 cases of AG heterozygote, and 4 cases of GG homozygote. The genotypes of ADH1C were 20 cases of GG homozygote, 4 cases of AG heterozygote, and no cases of AA homozygote.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effect of Jieguxujin granule (JGXJG) on fracture and its effect on serum content of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP).

METHODSFour hundred patients with fracture were randomly divided into 2 groups, the JGXJG treated group and the control group treated with Sanqi tablet (SQT). Serum CGRP was tested with radioimmunoassay once every 3 days for 5 times, and X-ray examination was taken once each week for 10 weeks.

RESULTSThe healing time of fracture and osteotylus forming time in the JGXJG group was shorter than those in the SQT group significantly (P < 0.005). Serum CGRP content in JGXJG group was higher remarkably (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONJGXJG showed evident effect in promoting union of fracture healing, it could also increase the CGRP content in serum.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; blood ; Child ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; drug therapy ; Fracture Healing ; drug effects ; Fractures, Bone ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Tibial Fractures ; drug therapy