Objective To investigate the effect of finger exercises on recovery of hand function and daily life ability in postoperative patients with bone trauma. Methods Ninety-eight phalanx trauma patients were equally divided into the treatment and control groups, those with odd admission number in the treatment group and those with even numbers in the control group: the control group was given postoperative routine care and the treatment group took finger exercises besides the routine nursing. The two groups were compared in terms of the treatment effect and the ability of daily life . Result The effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group and the ability of daily life was significantly better than that of the control group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The postoperative finger exercises of the patients with bone trauma can increase the recovery of hand function , which is beneficial for the improvement their daily life ability.

OBJECTIVETo verify the clinical efficacy on post-stroke dysphagia treated with acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23).

METHODSOne hundred and eighty patients were randomized into an acupuncture A group, an acupuncture B group and a rehabilitation group, 60 cases in each one. On the basis of the conventional medication, in the acupuncture A group, acupuncture was applied at Lianquan (CV 23); in the acupuncture B group, acupuncture was applied at Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6) and in the rehabilitation group, the swallowing rehabilitation training was adopted. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week, and the 4 weeks of treatment was required in all of the groups. The national institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) and TV X-ray fluoroscope swallowing scale (VFSS) were used to evaluate neurologic deficit and swallowing function before and after treatment in the patients of each group. The morbidity of pneumonia and clinical efficacy were compared among the groups.

RESULTSThe scores of NIHSS and VFSS were improved apparently after treatment in the patients of the three groups (all P < 0.05) and the results in the acupuncture A group were superior to those in the other two groups (all P < 0.05). The morbidity of pneumonia in the acupuncture A group was lower than that in the acupuncture B group and the rehabilitation group [3.3% (2/60) vs 6.7% (4/60), 8.3% (5/60), both P < 0.05]. The effective rate in the acupuncture A group was better than that in either of the other two groups [95.0% (57/60) vs 81.7% (49/ 60), 75.0% (45/60), both P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONOn the basis of the conventional medication, acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23) effectively improves the swallowing function, relieves neurological deficit and reduces the morbidity of pneumonia in the patients of post-stroke dysphagia.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Pylorus ; surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery

Animals ; Antioxidants ; physiology ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; physiology ; Lipid Metabolism ; physiology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the effect of ketamine, the NMDA receptor antagonist, on inducible nitric oxide gynthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in the spinal cord during the development of morphine tolerance. Methods Thirty Kunming mice weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 6 each): A control group received normal saline (NS) only; B chronic morphine tolerance group received subcutaneous morphine 10 mg?kg-1 followed by IP NS after an interval of 30 min, twice a day for 9 days and C, D, E ketamine groups received subcutaneous morphine 10 mg?kg-1 followed by IP ketamine 5 (group C) or 10 (group D) or 20 (group E) mg?kg-1 after an interval of 30 min, twice a day for 9 days. One hour after the last drug administration the animals were decapitated and the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord was isolated and the iNOS mRNA expression in the spinal cord was detected by RT-PCR. Results Expression of iNOS mRNA was not detectable in group A but increased dramatically in group B. The iNOS mRNA expression was significantly lower in group D and E (ketamine 10 and 20 mg?kg-1 IP) than in group B and C (ketamine 5 mg?kg-1) . Conclusion Ketamine antagonizes the development of chronic morphine tolerance in mice through down-regulation of iNOS mRNA expression in the spinal cord.

Objective To assess and compare the Beck Depression Inventory-II ( BDI-Ⅱ) , Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression Subscale ( HADS-D) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ( CES-D) as screening instruments for depression in patients with epilepsy .Methods One hundred and seventeen patients diagnosed with epilepsy were evaluated by BDI-Ⅱ, HADS-D and CES-D, the performance of BDI-Ⅱ, HADS-D and CES-D was evaluated by ROC curve .Results There were 33 epileptics with depression .The sensitivity and specificity of BDI-Ⅱfor the diagnosis of depression was around 90% for critical value 16, the sensitivity of CES-D was more than 80%for critical value 15, and specificity was 72.6%.The sensitivity and specificity of HADS-D was more than 80%for critical value 9, and the sensitivity of HADS-D was 91.3% for critical value 7, and specificity was 76.8%.Three instruments showed a negative predictive value of over 90%.Comparisons of the areas under the ROC curve for these instrument were not statistically significant difference (all P>0.05).Conclusion HADS-D is a brief efficient screening instruments to identify depression in patients with epilepsy .

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of luteolin and apigenin in Mongolian medicine Scabiosa atropurea. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Diamond C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.4%phos-phoric acid(34∶66,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 350 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 66-396 ng for luteolin(r=0.999 8)and 93-558 ng for apigenin (r=0.999 6);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recoveries were 98.15%-101.79%(RSD=1.42%,n=6) and 98.66%-104.05%(RSD=1.81%,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple with good precise,stability and reproducibility,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of luteolin and apigenin in Mongo-lian medicine S. atropurea.

Objective Glutarnic acid, an important excitatory neurotransmitter, plays an important role in morphine dependence and tolerance. Astrocyte (AST) takes up giutamic acid which is transformed into glutamine, the precursor of GABA, by means of intracellular glutaminase. The aim of thin study was to investigate the effect of ketamine on glutamate release in cultured spinal ASTs chronically treated with morphine. Methods ASTs were isolated from 1-3 day old SD rats and divided into 8 groups : control group and group A, B1, B2, B3 , C1, C2, C3. The isolated ASTs were cultured and incubated for 48h in the presence (group A, B1-3, C1-3) and absence (control group) of 10?mol?L-1 morphine.Then the ASTs were transferred to liquid culture medium Neurobasal / B27 containing no serum. No drug was added in group A. Morphine 0.1 ,1 or 10?mol?L-1 was added in group B1-3 and ketamine 0.4, 4 or 40?mol?L-1 in group C1-3. After being incubated for 15 min, naloxone 10?mol?L-1 was added in group B1-3 and C1-3. After another 30 min incubation the gluamate concentration in supernatant was measured using HPLC. Results There was no significant difference in glutamate concentration between control group and group A ( P

Objective Recent studies have shown that activation of spinal astrocytes (ASTs) may be involved in the development of morphine tolerance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ketamine (K) on spinal ASTs in mice tolerant to morphine (M) .Methods Thirty Kun-Ming mice of both sexes weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 5 groups of six animals each : (A) control group received only subcutaneous (s.c.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) normal saline (NS); (B) chronic M-tolerance group received M 10 mg?kg-1 s.c. followed after 30 min by NS 10 ml?kg-1 i.p. twice a day (at 8:00 and 17:00) for 9 days;(C), (D), (E) K group received M 10 mg?kg-1 s.c. followed after 30 min by K 5 mg? kg-1(C), 10 mg?kg-1 (D) or 20 mg?kg-1 (E) i.p. twice a day for 9 days. Pain threshold was estimated by measuring paw withdrawal response to Von Frey filament stimulation every other day (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th) In after second administration of drugs. The percentage of maximal possible effect (MPE% ) was calculated : MPE% = [ (test group PWTV - control group PWTV) / (15 - control group PWTV)] ? 100% (PWTV = paw withdrawal threshold value). On the 9th day after pain threshold was measured the animals were sacrificed and lumbosacral segment of spinal cord was removed. The changes in spinal ASTs were detected by immunohistochemistry. The average areas of GFAP immuno-reactive cells in the dorsal horn were measured to show the degree of spinal AST activation. Results 1. MPE% was 0 at all time points in group A. In group B MPE% was 42.8% on the 1st and 3rd day and gradually decreasing on the 5th and 7th day and became 0 on the 9th day signifying full development of morphine tolerance. In group C the change in MPE% was almost the same as in group B. In group D and E MPE % tended to decrease but was still above 30% at all time points signifying that ketamine 10 and 20 mg?kg-1 could partly antagonize the development of morphine tolerance. 2. In group B the staining of GFAP immuno-reactive cells was heavier and the average areas were significantly larger than in group A (P

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the spinal cord in rats with chronic neuropathic pain. Methods Forty adult Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 200-220 g were used in this study. Chronic neuropathic pain was produced by loose ligatures placed on the left sciatic nerve. Propofol or normal saline (NS) was given intraperitoneally (i.p. ) once a day for 6 days, seven days after sciatic nerve ligation. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10) : group Ⅰreceived NS 50 ml?kg-1 i.p. but no sciatic nerve ligation; group Ⅱ received sciatic nerve ligation and NS 50 ml?kg-1 i.p. ; group Ⅲ and Ⅳ received sciatic nerve ligation and propofol 50ml?kg-1 (Ⅲ) or75ml?kg-1 (Ⅳ) i.p. . Withdrawal threshold of both hind paws to Von Frey filaments was measured on the 6th , 10th and 12th days after sciatic nerve ligation. The animals were then sacrificed and the lumbar segment (L4-5) of the spinal cord was removed for the detection of iNOS mRNA expression by RT-PCR technique on the 12th day. Results The withdrawal threshold to Von Frey filament of both hind paws was significantly higher on the 10th and 12th days in the two propofol groups (group Ⅲ and Ⅳ) than in group Ⅱ(P