The MegaBACETM 1000 DNA Sequencing System was made by Amersham Pharmacia,which is a high throughput fluorescence-based DNA sequencer that can be used for DNA sequencing and genetic analysis etc.But the markers(ET550-R Size Standards)produced by this corporation which are used for genetic analysis in this instrument are very expensive.In order to cut the cost,a set of markers were developed and after authentication,that can be used in the MegaBACE 1000 DNA sequencer.Using these markers and our own recognition software,an improved,high throughput AFLP work protocol based on MegaBACETM 1000 were constructed.

Objective To explore the application value of hospital execution culture in healthcare-associated infec-tion(HAI)management.Methods All departments in a hospital from January 1 ,2013 to December 31 ,2014 were studied.From January 1 ,2014,ideas and fostering methods for hospital execution culture were applied in HAI management,the working enthusiasm,working ability,and working achievements of health care workers (HCWs) on HAI control before and after the application of execution culture were compared.Results 53 departments in the hospital were surveyed annually in 2013 and 2014.Working enthusiasm:the number of departments participating in hospital-wide training increased from 24 (45.28%)to 49 (92.45%),the number of departments that carried out subsequent training increased from 21(39.62%)to 48(90.57%),departments that initiatively carried out self-inspec-tion increased from 10(18.87%)to 43(81 .13%),differences were all significant (all P <0.001).Working ability:percentage of HCWs knew knowledge about hand hygiene as well as prevention and control measures for multidrug resistance bacteria increased from 49.05% (103/210)and 37.14% (78/210)to 96.30% (208/216)and 97.22%(210/216)respectively;while in 2013,only 2 departments (3.77%)performed regular rectification on daily work, which increased to 19 departments (35.85%)after training,differences were all significant (all P <0.001).Working achievements:the qualified rate of correct hand hygiene among HCWs increased from 8.57%(18/210)to 87.04%(188/216);implementation rate of multidrug resistance bacteria isolation increased from 50.00% to 80.08%,path-ogenic detection in patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial agents increased from 28.85% to 51 .30%,differ-ences were all significant(all P <0.001).Conclusion Fostering of hospital execution culture has improved the en-thusiasm and work ability of HCWs to participate in HAI management,promoted the implementation of HAI man-agement,and is a powerful tool for the management of HAI.

Objective To study the effects of estrogens ( 17α-ethynylestradiol and 17β-estradiol ) on the ATP-sensitive potassium channel ( KATP ) activities in the enzymatically ( collagenase and protease ) isolated ICR mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes using inside-out and cell-attached patch clamp techniques .Methods In the inside-out patch configurations, the two estrogens reduced the K ATP channel activities in a dose-dependent manner at -60 mV holding potential ( HP) .Results The half-maximal inhibitory concentration ( IC50 ) of the 17α-esthynylestradiol and the 17β-estradiol were 0.3μmol/L and 0.1 nmol/L, respectively.However, these agents had no effects on the pinacidil-and DNP-induced KATP channel activities in the cell-attached patch configuration.However, the inhibitory effect of KATP channel activities by the 17-estrogens or the anti-estrogens in the excised inside-out patch configuration were abolished by 1 pmol/L PDBu.Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that some estrogens decrease the K ATP channel activity acting on the inside of the isolated cardiomyocytes , and play a protective role to cardiomyocytes .

In recent years,the release of policies such as"Performance Assessment of Public Hospitals"and"New Ver-sion of Grading Hospital Evaluation Standards"has made data quantification become an important means of comprehensive evalua-tion of hospitals.However,at present,many hospitals still face challenges like critical system deficiencies,manual reliance on a large number of indicators,inaccurate data,and lack of traceability except for a few hospitals with relatively complete manage-ment and good information system infrastructure.These issues not only directly affect the evaluation results of hospitals,but also bring huge workloads to relevant departments of hospitals.This article,combining the experience in hospital management and in-formatization of GAHA over the years,as well as the author's practical cases in advising on information development and data gov-ernance for several domestic hospitals in the past two years,expounds on the current status of management for indicator data in hospital evaluation,and puts forward specific suggestions on aspects such as the overall process of indicator data,organizational development,institutional systems,and system support.At last,the prospects for work related to future hospital data governance and application is proposed.