Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (commonly known as black widow spiders) have toxins not only in their venom glands, but also in other parts of their body, in their eggs and even in the newborn spiderlings. The study on the toxins in venom and materials outside the venom glands of the spiders to elucidate their differences and similarities, evolutional relationship and biological functions is of important theoretical and applicable significance. The development of modern protein chemistry and proteomics techniques has provided efficient means for the study of protein and peptide toxins of L. tredecimguttatus. By using such techniques, the molecular base and action mechanism of the toxins can be revealed at the levels of both single purified proteins and omics. Up to now, although protein chemistry and proteomics study on L. tredecimguttatus toxins have achieved a certain progress, the relevant work particularly that on the toxins in the materials outside the venom glands has to be further deepened.
Animals ; Arthropod Proteins ; chemistry ; Black Widow Spider ; chemistry ; Proteomics ; Venoms ; chemistry

Total flavonoids from root,stem and leaf of sarcandra glabra(Thunb.)Nakai were extracted and deter　mined. Results showed that total flavonoids existed mainly in leaf of S. glabra(Thunb.)Nakai,and extraction time should be more than 3h

0 05) Conclusions Cervical epidural for postoperative analgesia can effectively inhibit the stress response in patient after the replantation of amputated fingers but dose not affect respiratory function Fentanyl provides best analgesia with less adverse effects and is suitable for postoperative analgesia in these patients

BACKGROUND:As a bone reconstruction material, nano-hydroxyapatite has good biocompatibility and osteoconduction, but the clinical use of nano-hydroxyapatite alone stil has many deficiencies. OBJECTIVE:To explore the in vivo osteogenic capability of nano-hydroxyapatite/ polyamide composites. METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to humeral head replacement using nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide composite material. X-ray observation and histological observation were done at 3, 6, 12, 24 weeks after replacement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) X-ray observation: No thinned cortical bone and ectopic ossification occurred on the upper end of the composite material at different time, and the nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide material had no signs of fragmentation. The cortical bone around the composite material was fuzzy, and the bone mineral density was increased with time. (2) Histological observation: At 3 weeks after replacement, a large number of cels could be visible, including mesenchymal stem cels and mononuclear macrophages. At 6 weeks after replacement, a large amount of fibrous tissues, fibroblasts and mononuclear macrophages stil existed in the boundary membrane, but chondrocytes and osteoblasts distributed less. At 12 weeks after replacement, a wide range of original trabecular bone began to form and were mostly flat that arranged regularly. At 24 weeks after replacement, the boundary membrane was ful of bone cels, but the cels on the surface of trabecular bone were relatively regular and primitive cels in the bone tissue began to transform into the lamelar bone. These findings indicate that the nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide material has good osteogenic capability.

Objective To establish a method of HPLC for determining the Paeonol in Shengui Tiaojing Pill. Method Agilent Hypersil-ODS-C18 (250 mm?4.0 mm, 5 ?m) was used, the mobile phase consisted of methanol-H2O (70∶30). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The detecting wave length was at 274 nm. Results The method was linear at the range of 0.052～0.84 ?g for Paeonol (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 99.94%. Conclusion The method is simple, sensitive, accurate and can be applied to the quality control of Paeonol in Shengui Tiaojing Pill.

95mmHg) were randomly divided into 3 equal groups of 20 each : thiopental group, etomidate group and propofol group. All patients were prmedicated with intramuscular phenobarbital 0. 1g and atropine 0.5mg. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 4mg?kg-1 or etomidate 0.3mg?kg-1 or propofol 2mg?kg-1, midazolam 0.1mg?kg-1, fentanyl 5?g?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1mg?kg-1 and maintained with isoflurane inhalation and intermittent boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia(To), 2min after induction(T1) and 2 and 10 min after tracheal intubation (T2, T3) for determination of plasma levels of endothelin(ET), calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and neurotensin (NT). Results The three groups were compared with regard to age, sex and weight. BP significantly decreased after induction with thiopental or propofol but increased significantly after intubation in thiopental group and etomidate group. ET and NPY decreased but CGRP and NT increased significantly after induction in thiopental and propofol group. The plasma levels of all four neuropeptides increased significantly after tracheal intubation in thiopental and etomidata group but remained unchanged in propofol group. Conclusions Propofol is the intravenous anesthetic of choice for induction of anesthesia in patients with hypertension.

Objective To investigate the value of low tube voltage with sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) through comparing the image quality of regular dose scanning with filtered back projection (FBP) reconstruction and low-dose scanning with SAFIRE. Methods Eleven healthy adult domestic dogs were scanned with different doses. The regular dose of 120 kV/65 mA in combination with FBP reconstruction was set as the normal control group, and 100 kV/65 mA plus SAFIRE reconstruction was used as the low kV group. The CT dose index (CTDI), dose length product (DLP), and the effective dose (ED) at different doses were compared, and the average CT value, noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and the image quality score of two groups of images were also analyzed. Results ED in the low kV groups was reduced by 39.33%compared to that in the normal control group. No significant differences were found in the average CT value of the same tissue among these two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, image noise of the lung tissue, superior vena cava and spinal muscle of low kV group were consistently decreased, SNR was in also creased, while the noise ratio contrast between superior vena cava and fat was increased. The image quality score of the low kV group was increased by 1.70%compared to that of the normal control group. Conclusion The low kV scan with SAFIRE technology can decrease the radiation dose and improve image quality in chest CT examination of domestic dogs, with a potential value in the clinical promotion and the application.

Objective To investigate the performance of dual source CT scanning combined with low-tube-voltage iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) for demonstrating coronary artery calcium plaques. Methods 70 patients with clinically suspected coronary atherosclerosis and with normal BMI received SAFIRE-3 or filtered back projection (FBP) for reconstruction after undergoing CT scans with tube voltage range of 100 kV. The CT images (average CT values, noise, SNR, and CNR) and subjective scores (number of calcium plaque, calcium plaque adjacent artifacts, and image quality) were compared between the two groups. Results The average CT value of the aortic root did not differ significantly between the two procedures for reconstruction (P > 0.05). Ob jective evaluation of the images (noise, SNR, and CNR) between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05 for all comparisons), so was image subjective rating (number of calcium plaque and rate of calcium plaque edge)(P < 0.05 for all comparisons). SAFIRE-3 reconstruction was markedly superior to FBP reconstruc-tion. Conclusions Low kilovoltage combined with reconstruction of SAFIRE-3 can reduce calcium plaque adja-cent artifacts and enhance quality of images , which is better than FBP in displaying the morphology and adjacent conditions of calcified plaque; therefore it is worth popularizing.

Objective To explore the optimized scanning parameters of low-dose un-enhanced chest CT with sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE).Methods Eleven healthy adult domestic dogs underwent chest scanning of 120 kV,100 kV,80 kV,70 kV with a fixed tube current of 65 mA and halved tube current of 32 mA with a fixed tube voltage of 100 kV.The data were reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP)and SAFIRE (strength grade 3)respectively to obtain ten groups of images.The regular dose (120 kV/65 mA ) combining with FBP reconstruction was as normal control group,and other groups as experimental groups.CT dose index (CTDI), dose length product (DLP),and effective dose (ED)at different dose were compared,and average CT value,noise,signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)and image quality score of ten groups of images were comparatively analyzed.Results No significant differences were found in average CT value for lung tissue,the superior vena cava,the aortic arch,and spinal muscles among ten groups (P >0.05),except adipose tissue (P <0.05).Compared to the control group,radiation dose of the 100 kV/65 mA-SAFIRE group decreased by 40.00%,noise of this group reduced,SNR and CNR increased,image quality score was slightly higher.Radiation dose of 80 kV/65 mA and 100 kV/32 mA groups,compared to the control group,decreased by 71.33% and 70.00% respectively ;image quality was slightly degraded but the subjective image quality scores were above 4 ,which on the latter group was slightly higher than that on the former.Image quality of 70 kV/65 mA group was reduced but could meet the requirements of diagnosis (image quality score >3),and the radiation dose of this group decreased by 81.33%.Conclusion Reconstructed with SAFRIE technology,the image quality of 100 kV/65 mA scanning of chest CT is similar to that of routinely reconstructed images in regular dose,while the image quality of 70 kV/65 mA scanning can not only meet the requirements of diagnosis but also obviously reduce radiation dose.

Objective To study the value of SAFIRE reconstruction technique in the liver plain CT scan by the comparison of dis-plays to the liver separately by SAFIRE and traditional FBP reconstructions after DSCT scan.Methods 48 patients clinically doub-ted to have hepatic lesions were scanned by DSCT in liver,then the average CT value,noise,signal to noise ratio (SNR),contrast to noise ratio (CNR)and subjective scoring on image quality were compared after FBP and SAFIRE 1-5 reconstructions.Results There was no statistical difference on the average CT value of liver parenchyma in all 6 groups (P >0.05).The differences were sta-tistically significant (P <0.05)on noise,SNR,CNR and subjective scoring.SAFIRE 5 reconstruction had the least noise and the largest SNR and CNR.For the images of SAFIRE 1 and SAFIRE 5,the image subjective scoring was lower than that by FBP;for the images of SAFIRE 2-4,the image subjective scoring is higher than that by FBP;and SAFIRE 3 had the highest score.But for the rate of lesion detection,all the images were the same.Conclusion SAFIRE reconstruction strength 3 could produce the idealest image quality.SAFIRE reconstruction can decrease noise and improve SNR and CNR,and have a potential effect on decreasing the scan dose.