Objeetlve To evaluate the relationship between temporomandibular joint(TMJ)osteoarthrosis (OA)and cytokines.Methods 20 rabbits were enrolled in this study.They were divided into either experiment(n=10)or control group(n=10).The modeh of TMJ osteoarthrosis were formed by injection SMT into upper joint compartment of the TMJ.Cytokines in the aspirated synovial fluid,induding interleukin(IL-1),IL-6,tumor necrosis faetor(TNF-α),were tested before and after SMT iniection.Results The level of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in experiment group decreased significantly after treatment,there was significance(P＜0.05);and the level of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in control group is lower after treatment,there was no significance(P＞0.05).Conclusion The cytokines,including IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,decreased significantly by injection SMT into upper joint compartment of the TMJ with OA.

Objective The aim is to observe the role and mechanism of estradiol ( E2 ) on the proliferation of rat hippocampal neural stem cells ( NSCs ) .Methods Twenty hippocampi from embryonic 17-day ( E17 ) SD rats were dissociated and plated into culture flasks with NSCs specific medium containing different concentrations of estradiol .The proliferation and the vitality of NSCs were detected by immunofluorescence against BrdU and MTT assay .The expression of estrogen receptors ( ERαand ERβ) was measured by immunofluorescence staining combined with Nestin double labeling . Results BrdU and MTT assay results showed that the cell number increased when the concentration of estradiol increased from 10 -10 to 10 -8 mol/L.The number of cell proliferation and the viability of cells were best at the concentration of 10 -8 mol/L compared to the other groups .However, when the estradiol concentration was increased from 10-8 to 10 -6 mol/L, the cell proliferative capacity declined gradually .Double immunofluorescence labeling showed that the two types of estrogen receptors ( ERαand ERβ) were expressed in the cultured hippocampal NSCs .Conclusion Estradiol promotes the proliferation of hippocampal NSCs in a certain concentration range , and ERαand ERβmay be involved in the estradiol-induced proliferation .