Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; immunology ; ultrastructure ; Meningioma ; immunology ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Paraganglioma ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVEIt has been shown that triptolide can attenuate pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of triptolide on pulmonary hypertension in rats and possible mechanisms.

METHODSSixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control, model, continuous triptolide-treated, delayed triptolide-treated and two placebo groups for continuous and delayed fashions (n=10 each). The rats from the last 5 groups were injected with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg) on day 7 after left pneumonectomy. The rats in the continuous triptolide-treated group received therapy from day 5 to 35 with triptolide (0.25 mg/kg intraperitoneally, every other day) and those in the delayed triptolide-treated received therapy with triptolide (0.20 mg/kg intraperitoneally, daily) from day 21 to 35 after operation. The hemodynamic parameters were detected by catheterization and the pathologic changes of small pulmonary arteries were evaluated by light microscopy 5 weeks post-operation. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative fluorescence PCR of relevant (MMP2 and MMP9) mRNAs.

RESULTSBy day 35 after operation, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP, 38.10+/-1.20 vs 16.70+/-1.16 mmHg)the ratio of right ventricle/left ventricle plus septum [RV/(LV+S), 62.45+/-5.28% vs 22.76 +/-3.01%] and the vessel obstructive scores (VOS, 1.736 +/-0.080 vs 0.000 +/-0.000) increased significantly in the Model group compared with those of the normal control group (P < 0.01). The expression of MMP2 and MMP9 and their mRNA expression in lung tissues obviously also elevated in the Model group (P < 0.05). The continuous and the delayed triptolide-treated groups had significantly lower mPAP (20.80+/-1.03 and 26.20+/-1.03 mmHg, respectively) and less right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary arterial neointimal formation compared with the model and the placebo groups. The two treated groups also demonstrated decreased expression of MMP2 and MMP9 and their mRNA expression in lung tissues. There were significant differences in mPAP, RV/(LV+S) and VOS between the two triptolide-treated groups.

CONCLUSIONSTriptolide attenuates the development of pulmonary hypertention and right ventricular hypertrophy and promotes regression of pulmonary arterial neointimal formation in pneumonectomized rats that received MCT, possibly through an inhibition of MMPs activity.

Animals ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Epoxy Compounds ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; enzymology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; analysis ; genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; analysis ; genetics ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective:To improve the genetic stability of HBV gene in transgenic mice.Methods:HBV transgenic mice were bred by backcross and double cross.The HBV gene expression and replication were studied with real-time PCR,ELISA and chemiluminescence.Results:The HBV transgenic mice have stably bred to 23rd generation.The serum HBsAg level is 4122.31?2044.74IU/ml;The rate of HBV transgenic mice whose serum HBV DNA reach 104~106copies/ml was 93.93%.The HBV replication and expression were improved markedly.There is no difference between male and female mice about serum HBsAg level.Conclusion:After breeding the HBV gene was expressed stably with high-level in transgenic mice.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pericardial Effusion ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myxoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Mitoxantrone ; pharmacokinetics ; Neoplasm Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; pharmacology

Comparative analysis of variable region ORF14/15 genes of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genome in Guangxi Penaeus vannamei (P. vannamei) could provide useful information for the evaluation of genetic diversity and genetic evolutionary relationship among WSSV isolates from Guangxi, China and other places. Based on geographical and temporal considerations, 40 WSSV-positive P. vannamei samples were collected during the period between May 2010 and July 2013 from Beihai, Qinzhou, and Fangchenggang, which were the main P. vannamei production areas in Guangxi, and the variable region ORF14/15 genes of the WSSV genome from all infected samples were amplified by PCR and then subjected to cloning and sequence analysis. Pairwise and multiple alignment analysis was then conducted to evaluate the degree of genetic divergence between different strains. The variable region ORF14/15 genes from 25 of 40 WSSV positive samples were successfully cloned and sequenced; among the ORF14/15 genes of 25 WSSV-positive strains, 22 was 619 bp in length and 3 was 620 bp. All the 25 Guangxi strains carried a 5949-bp deletion in the ORF14/15 region relative to TH-96-II, which has the longest nucleotide sequence in this region; the deletion of Guangxi strains occurred in the middle region of ORF14/15 gene, with only 190 bp and 429 bp/ 430 bp at 5' and 3' ends, respectively, which were coincident with WSSV-IN-05-I in deletion length and position. Sixteen of 25 Guangxi strains had completely identical nucleotide sequences in the variable re gion, and the homology between other strains also exceeded 97.9%. There were single nucleotide substi tution, deletion, and insertion in the ORF14/15 region of Guangxi strains compared with other strains in GenBank. In the phylogenetic tree based on WSSV variable region ORF14/15, the Guangxi strains were closely related and formed a separate branch with Indian strain IN-05-I, but far from other strains in GenBank. The ORF14/15 gene of WSSV isolates in cultured P. vannamei in Guangxi has a large deletion in the middle of the variable region, and the Guangxi WSSV strains show no significant spatio-temporal differences; the Guangxi strains are closer in genetics to Indian strain IN-05-I than other strains in GenBank.
Animals ; China ; Cloning, Molecular ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genomics ; Penaeidae ; virology ; Phylogeny ; White spot syndrome virus 1 ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of acupuncture at "Neitinggong" drug-induced deafness.

METHODSGuinea pig deafness model was prepared by injection of gentamicin (GM). Acupuncture was respectively given at the points "Neitinggong" "Tinggong" (SI 19) and non-acupoints on the auricle in the experimental animals in different groups and the effects of different points on the auditory brainstem response and cochlear hair cells were observed.

RESULTSThere was a significant difference between GM group and Neitinggong group, and between GM group and Tinggong group. There was no significant difference between GM group and the auricle group, and between Neitinggong group and Tinggong group.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at "Neitinggong" can strength the function of the internal ear, and relieve the injury of cochlear hair cells caused by gentamicin, which is an effective acupoint for treatment of drug-induced deafness.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; toxicity ; Cochlea ; drug effects ; pathology ; Deafness ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; drug effects ; Female ; Gentamicins ; toxicity ; Guinea Pigs ; Hair Cells, Auditory ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male

Nerve injury produces a long lasting neuropathic pain, manifested as allodynia, a decrease in pain threshold and hyperalgesia, an increase in response to noxious stimuli. The mechanism underlying the lasting abnormal pain is not well understood. Our previous works have shown that electrical tetanic stimulation of the sciatic nerve induces long-term potentiation (LTP) of C-fiber evoked field potentials in the spinal dorsal horn, which is considered as a synaptic model of pathological pain. In the present study we tested if nerve injury, which is proved to produce neuropathic pain, induced the spinal LTP in intact rats. C-fiber evoked field potentials in spinal dorsal horn produced by electrical stimulation (10-20 V, 0.5 ms, 1/min) of the sciatic nerve were recorded. For induction of LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials, three types of noxious stimuli were applied. (1) Electrical tetanic stimulation (40 V, 0.5 ms pulses at 100 Hz for 1 s repeated four times at 10 s intervals). (2) Transection of the sciatic nerve at 4-5 mm distal to the stimulation electrode. (3) Crushing the sciatic nerve with a forceps four times at 4-5 mm distal to stimulation electrode (from distal to proximal with 1 mm spacing at 10 s intervals), which simulated electrical tetanic stimulation. Acute nerve injury was made by either transection of the sciatic nerve at the distal to the stimulating electrode or crushing the sciatic nerve. We found that nerve injury by cutting or crushing the sciatic nerve produced LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials lasting until the end of the experiments (3-9 h), and that pretreatment of the sciatic nerve with lidocaine 10 min prior to the nerve transectoin completely blocked LTP induced by nerve transection. The nerve transection-induced LTP was blocked by NMDA receptor antagonist AP5. LTP produced by nerve transection could not be further potentiated by electrical tetanic stimulation, while LTP induced by single electrical tetanic stimulation could be further potentiated by transection of the sciatic nerve. However, when LTP was saturated by several times of electrical tetanic stimulation, nerve transection did not affect the spinal LTP. We conclude that acute nerve injury induces LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials in intact animals and that nerve transection is more powerful than electrical tetanic stimulation for induction of the spinal LTP. The results further support the notion that LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials may underlie neuropathic pain.
Animals ; Evoked Potentials ; physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation ; physiology ; Male ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated ; physiology ; Neural Pathways ; drug effects ; physiology ; Nociceptors ; physiology ; Posterior Horn Cells ; enzymology ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sciatic Nerve ; injuries ; physiology ; Spinal Cord ; physiology

To study the pharmacokinetic process of Danshensu in cerebal ischemia injury model rats and the correlation with its anti-cerebral ischemia effect. In this study, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established, in which all of the rats were intravenously injected of Danshensu at a single dose of 40 mg x kg(-1). The HPLC-DAD method was applied to determine the plasma concentration of Danshensu at different time points and draw the drug-time curve. Meanwhile, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were determined to draw the time-effect curve. The DAS 3.2. 6 software was used to process the data, analyze their correlation, compare the pharmacokinetic difference between model and normal rats after the administration of the same doses of Danshensu and the changes in pharmacodynamic indicators of model rats after the administration, and evaluate the effect of Danshensu in treating the cerebral ischemia disease. According to the results, the pharmacokinetic processes of Danshensu in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and normal rats were consistent to the two-compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: t1/2alpha were (0.267 +/- 0.026), (0.148 +/- 0.020) h;t1/2beta were (1.226 +/- 0.032), (1.182 +/- 0.082) h; AUC0-infinity were (42.168 +/- 4.007), (26.881 +/- 1.625) mg x L(-1) x h. After the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the activity of SOD decreased and the activity of LDH increased. Danshensu could inhibit the decrease in the SOD activity and the increase in the LDH activity within a certain period of time. This indicated that Danshensu could stay longer in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats than in normal rats and eliminated more slowly, which reflected the rationality of Danshensu in the clinical treatment of cerebral ischemia diseases. Danshensu's effect against the cerebral ischemic injury may be related with its level in vivo. Its plasma concentration is positively related to the SOD activity and negatively related to the LDH activity.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry