Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cervix Uteri ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Choriocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Placental Lactogen ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Trophoblastic Tumor, Placental Site ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Purpose:Taking tuberculosis as an example, this paper aims at to analyzing the level of reimburse-ment for infectious diseases care, and clarifying the government responsibility. Methods:In order to achieve the ob-jective of this research, UHC framework was used to analyze the security level. Result:The findings of this research reveal that TB in-patients' Compensation Ratio of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme ( NCMS) was lower than aver-age level of all the NCMS patients, the out-patients' was even lower. The categories of anti-tuberculotic for free was limited, the utilization was not as expected. Medical assistance covered few people in spite of its high level of reim-bursement. Conclusion:Based on the findings of this review, it has been revealed that the medical insurance didn't make a big difference in financial protection for patients with infectious diseases. As the treatment for of infectious diseases is a quasi-public good, the government has to shoulder the responsibility of improving the compensation ratio of the patients.

Abdominal Injuries ; complications ; Adenosarcoma ; etiology ; Adult ; Cicatrix ; complications ; Endometriosis ; complications ; Female ; Humans

Objective To study the antigenicity of human thyrotropin receptor(hTSHR)amino terminus (amino acid 29～280)and its association with Graves' disease.Methods Total thyroid RNA was prepared from human normal thyroid tissue.RNA was then reversely transcripted and cDNA was subjected to PCR amplification.PCR product was cloned into pcDNA3.1 and the recombinant plasmid was named pcDNA3.1/hTSHR188～940bp. Balb/c mice were immunized with peDNA3.1/hTSHR188～940bp. The levels of serum thyroxin,anti-TSHR antibody(TRAb)and thyroid stimulating antibody(TSAb)were measured,and the pathological changes of thyroid tissue were also observed.Results A 753 bp fragment encoding hTSHR ectodomain amino end was obtained after PCR amplification.Confirmed by Hind Ⅲ restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing,pcDNA3.1/hTSHR188～940bphad been constructed successfully,with the correct sequence and direction of hTSHR188～940bp.In the Balb/c mice treated with pcDNA3.1/hTSHR188～940bp,elevated TRAb in week 6(0.148±0.018)were observed compared with those at week o(0.106±0.006,P＜0.01),and kept a higher level till week 10(0.134±0.011,P＜0.01).T4 and TSAb index values were significantly increased in week 10.Serum T4 concentration increased from(41.02±7.97)μg/L in week 0 to(62.20±12.77)μg/L in week 10(P＜0.01);TSAb index values rose from 0.864±0.076 at week 0 to 1.392±0.615(P＜0.01).Thyroid pathological examination showed that proliferated thyroid follicular epithelial cells and foll icular eapacity increased.Inflammatory cells were occasionally found.Conclusions There are antigen epitopes in hTSHR ectodomain amino acid 29～280,which can stimulate the production of TSAb.And the latter induces hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease like manifestations.It suggests that hTSHR ectodomain amino acid 29～280 is closely associated with Graves' disease,and maybe one of important etiological factors leading to the disease.

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on inflammatory injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.

METHODSForty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into a sham injury group, a model group, an EA group and a sham EA group, 12 rats in each group. Intestinal I/R rat models were established by method of clamping with occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 45 min followed by reperfusion. The EA group was treated with EA (2.5 mA, 2 Hz/100 Hz, 0.5 h) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) 30 min before reperfusion, and at the same time, the sham EA group was treated with fast insertion at two non-meridian acupoints on skin surface (2 cm horizontally away from linea alba abdominis and about 5 cm paralleled to cartilago ensiformis downward). No interventions were added on the sham injury group and the model group. The degree of pathological injury in intestines, water rate of intestines, diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and intestinal mucosal blood flow (IMBF) were examined at 1 h and 3 h after reperfusion.

RESULTSAt 1 h and 3 h after reperfusion, the intestinal pathological injury in EA group was significantly attenuated compared with that in model group, and the intestinal water rate of (74.00 +/- 2.11)% and (78.78 +/- 0.80)% in EA group were significantly lower than (80.69 +/- 1.66)% and (83.17 +/- 2.08)% in model group (both P < 0.01), but DAO of (68.83 +/- 4.31) U/L and (47.84 +/- 5.57) U/L as well as IMBF of (152 +/- 5.8) PU and (139.8 +/- 6.1) PU in EA group were significantly higher than DAO of (32.86 +/- 4.72) U/L, (17.01 +/- 2.96) U/L as well as IMBF of (124.7 +/- 8.3) PU and (89.4 +/- 13.2) PU in model group (all P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the above mentioned changes in sham EA group showed no significant differences compared with those in model group (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture can not only reduce the inflammatory injury induced by intestinal IR but also increase intestinal blood supply so as to protect the intestine function.

Acupuncture Points ; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) ; metabolism ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Inflammation ; therapy ; Intestines ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; therapy

ObjectiveTo investigate the difference of pathogenicity between the two genotypes of human metapneumovirus(hMPV) for the further research.MethodsAt various time after hMPV infection in BALB/c mice,viral titers of lung tissue were measured by real-time RT-PCR,pathology was assessed by a histopathological scoring system,airway responsiveness was assayed by animal lung function monitoring equipment.Pathogenicity was then measured by detailed evaluation through the results above.Results There is no significant difference in weight of mice between control group and experimental group through dynamic monitoring ; though the difference was exists in airway responsiveness and pathological changes of mice between control group and experimental group,the differences were not statistically in airway reaction,pathological changes and virus drops among the three groups of experimental group.ConclusionThere is no difference in pathogenicity between the two subtypes of hMPV in infection of BALB/c mice,viral genotype do not appear to be associated with pathogenicity.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in female genital tract.

METHODSSix cases of PNET arising in female genital tract were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical findings and EWS gene translocation study results were analyzed.

RESULTSThe age of patients ranged from 10 to 27 years (mean = 20 years). The sites of involvement included ovary (1 case), uterus (1 case), vulva (2 cases) and vagina (2 cases). The greatest diameter of the tumor ranged from 2 to 10 cm (mean = 5.4 cm). The tumor had nodular appearance and showed grayish-pink fleshy cut surface, accompanied by foci of hemorrhage and necrosis. Histologically, the tumor was composed of malignant small round cells with indistinct cell borders, hyperchromatic nuclei, dense chromatin, tiny nucleoli and scanty cytoplasm. The tumor cells were arranged in sheets or lobules. Homer-Wright rosettes were identified in 1 case. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for CD99, FLI-1 and CD56 (6/6). Focal expression of vimentin (5/6), NSE (5/6), nestin (4/6), synaptophysin (4/6), S-100 protein (2/6) and chromogranin A (1/6) was also demonstrated. EWS gene translocation was detected in 5 cases studied. Follow-up information was available in 2 patients (7 and 17 months of follow up, respectively). One of them died of tumor metastasis 17 months after diagnosis. The other patient was still alive.

CONCLUSIONSPNET arising in female genital tract is rare. It mainly involves ovary, uterus, vulva and vagina. Immunohistochemical study using a panel of antibodies and fluorescence in-situ hybridization play an important role in definitive diagnosis of this rare malignancy.

12E7 Antigen ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; CD56 Antigen ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1 ; metabolism ; RNA-Binding Protein EWS ; genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Translocation, Genetic ; Uterine Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vaginal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of natural killer (NK)-cell on reconstitution of hematopoiesis and immunity in mouse allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT).

METHODSLethally irradiated BALB/c (H-2(d)) mice were transplanted with C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) bone marrow plus peripheral T cells and/or NK cells. Recipients CD34(+) cells and H-2K(b+), CD3(+) and CD19(+) cells were detected by flow cytometry, peripheral white blood cell (WBC) by auto-cytometry, and the survival rates, engraftment, hematopoietic and immune recovery were observed.

RESULTSIn the transplantation with NK cell infusion group, the survival rates, the WBC and CD34(+) cell counts, and the H-2(b+) and CD19(+) cells were significantly higher than that in without NK cell infusion group (P < 0.01). Twenty-eight days after transplantation, the CD3(+) cells in the NK cell infusion group [(33.69 +/- 3.36)%] were lower than that in without [(50.4 +/- 5.06)%] (P < 0.01), and there was no longer difference between these groups 60 days after transplantation (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn mouse allo-BMT, alloreactive NK cell enhances engraftment, promotes reconstitution of hematopoiesis and immunity and increases survival rates.

Animals ; Antigens, CD19 ; analysis ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; immunology ; methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Graft Survival ; immunology ; Hematopoiesis ; immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural ; cytology ; immunology ; transplantation ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; methods ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo control the quality of Qizhiweitong granules with the all-time multi-wavelength fusion fingerprint quantification as the major technique.

METHODAgilent TC-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) chromatographic column was adopted, with 0.02% formic acid water-acetonitrile as the mobile phase for linear gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1), column temperature was 30 degrees C, and detector wavelength was 230, 254, 283 nm. Matlab was adopted for all-time multiple-wavelength fusion for data in dif format.

RESULTA good relationship was shown for albiflorin in 56.5-452 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 8), paeoniflorin in 107-856 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 8), licorice glycoside in 73.4-687 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 8), naringin in 109-872 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 8), neohesperidin in 48.0-384 mg L(-1) (r = 0.999 8), and glycyrrhizic acid in 38.6-308 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 8), with recoveries of 0.999 8.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, accurate and highly reproducible, and can provide basis for quality control of Qizhiweitong granules.

Benzoates ; analysis ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Glycosides ; analysis ; Monoterpenes ; Quality Control

Quantification of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) is extremely important due to the pivotal role they play in controlling pathogen infection and anti-tumor actions. Previously used methods for detecting specific CTL are usually indirect. In recent years, tetramer technology has been developed to directly visualize antigen-specific CTL efficiently, and become the critical approach in studying T cell immune responses. A simplified procedure for preparing tetramers is reported here in this paper and a tetramer loaded with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) peptide was successfully obtained using this procedure, which possessed binding activity with specific CTL. The heavy chain of HLA-A * 0201 gene was cloned by RT-PCR from HLA-A2+ donor. An expression vector, encoding the extracellular domain of HLA-A * 0201 heavy chain (A2) fused with a BirA substrate peptide (BSP) at its carboxyl terminus, was constructed by PCR with cloned A2 gene as the template. The A2 heavy chain was expressed in Escherichia coli mostly in the form of inclusion body and purified by washing inclusion body. The monomer of soluble A2 loaded with peptide was reconstructed by dilution from the heavy chain in the presence of light chain beta2-microglobulin and HLA-A2 restricted HCMV pp65(495-503) peptide (NLVPMVATV, NLV). Refolded A2-NLV monomer was biotinylated with a commercial BirA and purified by low pressure anion exchange chromatography on a Q-Sepharose (fast flow) column. The tetramer was then formed by mixing A2-NLV monomer with streptavidin-PE in a ratio of 4:0.8 leading to more than 85% multiplication as revealed by SDS-PADE under non-reducing conditions without boiling the sample. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that this tetramer could bind to specific CTL from HLA-A2+ donor. In conclusion, a simplified procedure is established to prepare HLA-A2 tetramer, which may not only facilitate the application of tetramer technology for studying specific T lymphocyte immune response but A2-NLV itself be applied clinically to monitor CMV-specific CTL in stem cell and organ transplantation.
Cloning, Molecular ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; immunology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; HLA-A Antigens ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; HLA-A2 Antigen ; Humans ; Phosphoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; metabolism ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics