OBJECTIVETo investigate the differences in the expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin between high-risk prostate cancer and low- and medium-risk prostate cancer, and analyze their correlation with the age, serum PSA level, and Gleason score of the patients.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 42 cases of prostate cancer, which were divided into a low- and medium-risk group (group A, n = 15) and a high-risk group (group B, n = 27). We measured the expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin by immunohistochemical staining, compared their differences between the two groups, and analyzed their correlation with the age, serum PSA level, and Gleason score of the patients.

RESULTSImmunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of E-cadherin was significantly higher in group A than in B (6.1 +/- 0.51 vs 4.2 +/- 0.37, P < 0.01), and so was its positive rate (73.3% vs 25.9%, P < 0.05). The positive rate of E-cadherin was also markedly higher in the patients with serum PSA < 20 microg/L than in those with serum PSA > or = 20 microg/L (66.7% vs 29.6%, P < 0.05), and so was it in the patients with the Gleason score 5-7 than in those with 8-10 (60.9% vs 21.1%, P < 0.05). On the contrary, the N-cadherin expression was significantly lower in group A than in B (3.7 +/- 0.32 vs 7.5 +/- 0.58, P < 0.01), and so was its positive rate (13.3% vs 59.3%, P < 0.01). The positive rate of N-cadherin was also remarkably lower in the patients with the Gleason score 5-7 than in those with 8-10 (26.1% vs 63.2%, P < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the N-cadherin expression between the patients with serum PSA < 20 microg/L and those with serum PSA > or = 20 microg/L (P > 0.05), nor in the expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin between the patients aged > or = 70 years and those aged < 70 years (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin are significantly different between high-risk prostate cancer and low- and medium-risk prostate cancer, which suggests that both may correlate with the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer as well as with the serum PSA level and Gleason score of the patients.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies

Cystectomy ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Granular Cell Tumor ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Urinary Bladder ; chemistry ; pathology ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vaginal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; surgery

Objective: To observe the effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on brain development of intrauterine growth retardation rats,and to demonstrate the relationship between brain and kidney in TCM.Methods: Animals were divided into 4 groups at random: normal group,model group,Huangqi(HQ) and Liuwei Dihuang(LD) treated groups.The IUGR model was established by passive smoking.On the 19th day of pregnancy,all rats were killed;the total numbers of embryos,the lively,dead and absorbed embryos were counted.The body and brain weight of lively embryos were scaled respectively,then microstructure and apoptosis in brain were observed.Results: Passive smoking can result in the number of dead and absorbed embryos increases.Compared with normal group,the number of apoptotic cells of model group increased.Compared with model group,in Huangqi and Liuwei Dihuang treated groups,the number of dead and absorbed embryos decreased apparently,body and brain weight increased obviously,the number of apoptotic cells reduced significantly(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the analgesic effect of Zhixin Formula (ZF) and its effects on spinal glial fibrillary acidic protein (glial fibillary acidic protein, GFAP, a marker of astrocyte) , CD11b (a maker of microglia), Toll like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in bone cancer pain model rats.

METHODSTotally 20 male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group and the bone cancer pain group, 10 in each group. The bone cancer pain model was induced by injecting ascites tumor fluid containing 3 x 10(3) Walker256 cell line from the left tibia. Ethological tests, X-ray test, and HE staining were performed to confirm a successful modeling. After model was successfully established, 70 male SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups, 10 in each group: the blank control group, the bone cancer pain group (as the model group), the Western medicine (WM) group (Tramadol Hydrochloride), the high dose ZF group, the middle dose ZF group, the low dose ZF group, and the Chinese medicine (CM) group (Wulin Zhitong Capsule). Fourteen days after modeling, rats in the high, middle, and low dose ZF groups were administrated by gastrogavage with 9, 4.5, and 2.25 g/kg ZF water condensed preparation respectively, once a day for seven consecutive days. On day 21 MS typical protein expressions including GFAP, CD11b, TLR (2,4) and NF-κB from cornu dorsal medullae spindis L4-L5 were detected by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.

RESULTSCompare with the blank control group, increased weight in the model group was slow and showed a decreasing trend (P < 0.01), spontaneous ambulatory pain score (SAPS) obviously increased (P < 0.01), paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) obviously decreased in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Results of lateral tibial X-ray and HE staining showed obvious changes and damage occurred in bone structures of rats in the model group. Immunohistochemistry showed that GFAP expression significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Protein levels of NF-κB also significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, CD11b expressions obviously decreased in the middle and high dose ZF groups (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, protein expressions of TLR2 and TLR4, as well as NF-κB also obviously decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONZF had analgesic effect, which might be probably related to inhibiting proliferation and activation of gliocytes, as well as activation of TLRs and NF-κB.

Animals ; Astrocytes ; Bone Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Male ; Microglia ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Osteosarcoma ; Pain ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical efficaly and safety of Tiepi Fengdou Granule (TFG) and Capsule (TFC) combined with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in treating lung cancer patients with Qi-Yin asthenia syndrome (QYAS).

METHODSEighty patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups: the TFG group (32 cases), the TFC group (32 cases) and the Shengmai Capsule control group (16 cases). Changes of symptoms of QYAS, main symptoms of lung cancer, Karnofsky scoring as well as the blood routine test were observed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of symptom improving in the TFG group and the TFC group was 81.2% and 93.3% respectively, showing insignificant difference between the 2 groups (P > 0.05), but both were higher than that in the Shengmai Capsule control group (50.0%, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Additionally, as compared with those before treatment, the neutrophil count increased and the lymphocytes count obviously decreased in the TFC group after treatment (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBoth dose-forms of the remedies, TFC and TFG, have significant effects in treating lung cancer with QYAS, but with insignificant difference between them.

Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Karnofsky Performance Status ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Qi ; Yin Deficiency ; drug therapy

Objective To compare the efficacy of thrombus aspiration catheter combined with intracoronary tirofiban and nitroglycerol injection through the aspiration catheter versus the guiding catheter during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods Thirty-four patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI and receiving thrombus aspiration catheter combined with intracoronary tirofiban and nitroglyeerol injection through the aspiration catheter were enrolled as the aspiration group (n =34),and those who had similar coronary angiography results and basic characteristics but receiving thrombus aspiration catheter combined with intracoronary tirofiban and nitroglycerol injection through the guiding catheter were served as the guiding group ( n =33 ).The outcomes of the two groups were observed and compared.Results There was no significant change of blood pressure between before and after injection in the aspiration group ( P ＞ 0.05 ),but the change of blood pressure was significant after injection compared with before injection in the guiding group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The cTn-I,BNP,peak-value of CK-MB,peak-time of CK-MB,TIMI grade 3 flow,slow-reflow in IRA after PCI in the aspiration group were superior to those in the guiding group ( t =3.92,P ＜ 0.01 ;t =4.70,P ＜ 0.01 ; t =3.39,P ＜ 0.01 ; t =7.17,P ＜0.01 ; x2 =3.877,P ＜ 0.05 ; x2 =3.876,P ＜ 0.05 ).LVEF,LVEDd and LVESd after 1 month in the aspiration group were superior to those in the guiding group (t =5.99,P ＜ 0.01 ;t =4.53,P ＜ 0.01 ;t =8.12,P ＜ 0.01 ),but no significant differences of LVEF,LVEDd,LVESd were found after 1 week resolution of sum of ST-segment elevation and the MACE rates after PCI were found between the two group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Application of thrombus aspiration catheter combined with intracoronary tirofiban injection through the aspiration catheter is more effective than through the guiding catheter in patients with Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,which could decrease slow-reflow phenomenon and improve re-perfusion and left ventricular function with better clinical outcomes.

Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glioma ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Sodium Selenite ; pharmacology

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE To study the in vitro effect and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 (GBE50) for inhibiting beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced oxidative stress in rats' hippocampal neurons.

METHODSThe primary hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups, i. e. the normal control group (Ctrl), the Abeta group, the propanediol control group (PDO), and the six GBE50 concentrations groups (5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 microg/mL). Excepted the Ctrl group, neurons were induced to oxidative stress by 20 gmolLAbeta25-35. The MTT and fluorescent probes labeling were used to observe the effect of GBE50 with different concentrations on the cell viability and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons. Furthermore, Western blot was used to detect the cytoplasmic/total cytochrome C (Cyto C) ratio and total intracytoplasmal Cyto C, and the effect of the expression of oxidative stress-related protein Cyto C and activated Caspase-3 in three GBE50 concentrations groups (25, 50, and 100 microg/mL).

RESULTSCompared with the Ctrl group, the cell vitality was obviously lowered and intracellular ROS generation significantly increased after induction of 20 micromol/L Abeta25-35 (both P < 0.05). Compared with the Abeta group, the cell vitality was evidently improved after treated with different GBE50 doses. Except for 10 microg/mL, the cell vitality could be obviously elevated along with increased drug concentrations (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intracellular ROS generation decreased significantly in each GBE50 dose groups (P < 0.05). Abeta could increase the cytoplasmic/total Cyto C ratio and enhance the activated Caspase-3 expression significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the Abeta group, among the three concentrations of GBE50, the Cyto C ratio was obviously lowered in the 100 microg/mL GBE50 group (P < 0.05), and the expression of activated Caspase-3 significantly decreased in 50 microg/mL and 100 microg/mL GBE50 groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS20 micromol/L Abeta25-35 could induce the generation of intracellular ROS in hippocampal neurons. GBE50 could inhibit Abeta induced intracellular oxidative stress of neurons through lowering the cytoplasmic/total Cyto C ratio and inhibiting the activation of apoptosis protein Caspase-3 expression.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVEEffects of ginsenoside Rb1, Rg1 and Re on neurotrophic factor signal transduction pathway using liposome-mediated transfection of eukaryotic cells approach.

METHODThe injury model was established by treating SH-SY5Y cells with 0.6 mmol x L(-1) of corticosterone (CORT) by 24 h. SH-SY5Y cell were pretreated with CORT for 30 min followed by co-treated with 120,60 and 20 micromol x L(-1) of Rb1, 120, 80 and 40 micromol x L(-1) of Rg1 and 120, 80 and 40 micromol x L(-1) of Re for 24 h. Cells viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit (CCK) assay. CREB expressing Luciferase reporter gene was constructed and transfected with plasmid containing hRaf, hcAMP, hAkt, hCaMK gene into human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells using liposornal transfection reagent lipofection 2000. The expression of CREB before and after it addion of Rb1, Rg1 and Re was examined by Luc assay system and Western blotting.

RESULTCompared with normal control group, CORT significantly decreased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells to 67.21% (P < 0.01). CCK results show that Rb1 (60 micromol x L(-1)), Rg1 (80 micromol x L(-1)) and Re (80 micromol x L(-1)) on SH-SY5Y cells have significant protective effect (P < 0.01). Lucassay and Western blotting results show that the gene and protein levels of CREB increased significantly through the pathway of Raf and Akt with Rb1 and Rg1 (P < 0.01), Re can increase significantly the gene and protein levels of CREB through the pathway of Raf and CaMK II.

CONCLUSIONRb1, Rg1 and Re protects SH-SY5Y cells from CORT-induced damage and the neuroprotective mechanism may be associated with the Raf-CREB, Akt-CREB and CaMK II -CREB pathways.

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Genes, Reporter ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Panax ; chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; raf Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism

Traditional processes are mostly adopted in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation production and the quality of products is mostly controlled by terminal. Potential problems of the production in the process are unpredictable and is relied on experience in most cases. Therefore, it is hard to find the key points affecting the preparation process and quality control. A pattern of research and development of traditional Chinese medicine preparation process based on the idea of Quality by Design (QbD) was proposed after introducing the latest research achievement. Basic theories of micromeritics and rheology were used to characterize the physical property of TCM raw material. TCM preparation process was designed in a more scientific and rational way by studying the correlation among enhancing physical property of raw material, preparation process and product quality of preparation. So factors affecting the quality of TCM production would be found out and problems that might occur in the pilot process could be predicted. It would be a foundation for the R&D and production of TCM preparation as well as support for the "process control" of TCMIs gradually realized in the future.
Drug Compounding ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; trends ; Quality Control ; Research ; standards ; trends ; Research Design ; standards ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards