OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of sequoyitol (Sep) on high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury.

METHODSHUVECs were cultured with high glucose (30 mmol/L) in the presence or absence of sequoyitol (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol/L) for 24 h. Cell proliferation was measured by BrdU marking and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate was used to evaluate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The NO, malonydialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 levels were determined by colorimetric method according to the manufacturer's instructions. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSIn the present study, we found that sequoyitol pretreatment for 1 h significantly decreased cell injury, promoted cell proliferation. Meanwhile sequoyitol significantly down-regulated NOX4 expression and decreased the level of ROS, MDA and H2O2 and obviously increased NO levels and up-regulated eNOS expression.

CONCLUSIONSequoyitol alleviates high glucose-induced cell injuries in HUVECs via inhibiting oxidative stress and up-regulating eNOS expression.

Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Glucose ; toxicity ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Inositol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase 4 ; NADPH Oxidases ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of sequoyitol (Seq) on expression of eNOS and NOX4 in aortas of type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetic rats induced by high fat and high sugar diet and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg x kg(-1)) and were administered Seq (12.5, 25 and 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 6 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight were tested. Acetylcholine (Ach) induced endothelium-dependent relaxation and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced endothelium-independent relaxation were measured in aortas for estimating endothelial function. Aortic morphological change was observed with HE staining. The level of serum insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO levels in aortas were determined according to the manufacturer's instructions. In addition, the expressions of eNOS and NOX4 in aortas were measured by immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR or Western blotting. The results showed that Seq significantly decreased FBG and insulin resistance, and improved aortic endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation function. The expressions of NOX4 and MDA content were obviously decreased, while the expression of eNOS, the levels of NO and T-AOC increased significantly in aortas of diabetic rats with Seq treatment. In conclusion, Seq protects against aortic endothelial dysfunction of type 2 diabetic rats through down-regulating expression of NOX4 and up-regulating eNOS expression.
Animals ; Aorta ; metabolism ; pathology ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Body Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Inositol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase 4 ; NADPH Oxidases ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

Background Vitretomy and lenstomy with silicone oil tamponade is an effective method for complicated vitreous retinopathy.The severe anisometropia after silicone retention is usually treated by two-point transscleral suture fixation for posterior chamber intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.In order to reduce the number and difficulty and complication of the operation,the surgical method should be improved.Objective The goal of this study was to observe the resuh of silicone oil removal combined with four-point trans-scleral suture fixation of posterior chamber IOL after vitrectomy.Methods A retrospective case-observational study design was adopted.Twenty eyes with silicone oil tamponade from 20 patients without lens and posterior capsule after vitrectomy were included in this study.Silicone oil removal with four-point trans-scleral suture fixation of posterior chamber IOL was performed.The anterior ocular inflammatory response,intraocular pressure,uncorrected and corrected acuities before and after operation,corneal endothelial cell counting and postoperative complications were observed and analyzed.Written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to the operation.Results All of the operative eyes in this study showed improvement of visual acuity after operation.Of the 20 eyes,a visual acuity of ≥0.8 was seen in 2 eyes,0.6-0.7 in 6 eyes,0.3-0.5 in 8 eyes and 0.05-0.2 in 4 eyes 3 months after the removal of silicone oil.The uncorrected acuity postoperation was significantly improved in comparison with preoperation(H=10.147,P＜0.01),but no significant difference was found in the corrected acuity between preoperation and postoperation(X =2.089,P＜ 0.01).The number of the corneal endothelial cells was(2064±329)cells/mm2 before operation,and that after operation was(1987±269)cells/mm2,showing an insignificant change between them(t =1.660,P ＞ 0.05).No abnormality of IOL position was found in all 20 operated eyes.There was not serious postoperative complication in all 20 patients.Conclusions The combination of silicon oil extraction with four-point transscleral suture fixation IOL is effective in eyes without posterior capsule or lens after vitrectomy.It can reduce the operation time and improve the postoperative acuity and the quality of life of patients.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of sesamin (Ses) on pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with monocrotaline ( MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH).

METHODTotally 48 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed adaptively for one week and then divided into the normal control group, the MCT group, the MCT +Ses (50 mg x kg(-1)) group and the MCT + Ses (100 mg x kg(-1)) group, with 12 rats in each group. The PH rat model was induced through the subcutaneous injection with MCT(60 mg x kg(-1)). After the administration for four weeks, efforts were made to measure the right ventricular systolic pressure( RVSP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) through right jugular vein catheterization, and isolate right ventricle( RV) and left ventricle( LV) +septum (S) and measure their length to calculate RV/ ( LV + S) and ratio of RV to tibial length. Pathologic changes in arterioles were observed by HE staining. Masson's trichrome stain was used to demonstrate changes in collagen deposition of arterioles. The alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression in pulmonary arteries was measured by immunohistochemisty. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in pulmonary arteries were determined by the colorimetric method. The protein expressions of collagen I, NOX2 and NOX4 were analyzed by Real-time PCR and Western blot.

RESULTAfter the administration for 4 weeks, Ses could attenuate RVSP and mPAP induced by MCT, RV/ (LV + S) and ratio of RV to Tibial length, alpha-SMA and collagen I expressions and remodeling of pulmonary vessels and right ventricle. Meanwhile, Ses could obviously inhibit the expressions of NOX2, NOX4 and MDA content and increase T-AOC.

CONCLUSIONSesamin could ameliorate pulmonary vascular remodeling induced by monocrotaline in PH rats. Its mechanism may be related to expressions of NOX2 and NOX4 expression and reduction in oxidative stress injury.

Animals ; Dioxoles ; administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Lignans ; administration & dosage ; Lung ; blood supply ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Monocrotaline ; adverse effects ; NADPH Oxidase 2 ; NADPH Oxidase 4 ; NADPH Oxidases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Artery ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Remodeling ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical outcomes of tendon allograft reconstruction with arthroscopy minimally invasive technique at stage I for the treatment of knee dislocation with multiple ligaments injury.

METHODSForty-eight patients with knee dislocation were reconstructed anterior and posterior ligament under arthroscopy at stage I from January 2008 to January 2012, and repaired ligaments injury of knee joint by minimally invasive technique. There were 38 males and 10 females aged from 20 to 59 years old with an average of 35.6 years old; 22 cases on the left side and 26 cases on the right side; the time from injury to operation ranged from 2 d to 2 weeks. Two cases combined with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL) and posterolateral complex injuries, 36 cases combined with ACL, PCL, and MCL injuries, 10 cases combined with ACL, PCL and PLC injuries; 4 cases combined with peroneal nerve injury. Lysholm scoring were used to compared the cases before operation and final following-up to evaluate knee function.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of (18.2 ± 6.3) months. Activity and stability of joint were obviously improved. Lysholm score were improved from 40.3 ± 4.1 before operation to 87.0 ± 6.4 at final following-up.

CONCLUSIONReconstruction with arthroscopy minimally invasive technique at stage I for the treatment of knee dislocation with multiple ligaments injury could recover stability of joint better,reserve joint function. Preoperative training and postoperative individualized rehabilitation treatment is the key point of recover knee joint function.

Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Dislocation ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Trauma ; surgery ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; injuries ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) on right ventricular remodeling in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH rats were induced by a single injection of monocrotaline (60 mg x kg(-1), sc) and were administered with chrysin (50 or 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) were monitored via the right jugular vein catheterization into the right ventricle. Right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle (LV) + septum (S) and RV to tibial length were calculated. Right ventricular morphological change was observed by HE staining. Masson's trichrome stain was used to demonstrate collagen deposition. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in right ventricle were determined according to the manufacturer's instructions. The expressions of collagen I, collagen III, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were analyzed by immunohistochemisty, qPCR and (or) Western blot. The results showed that chrysin treatment for 4 weeks attenuated RVSP, mPAP and right ventricular remodeling index (RV/LV+S and RV/Tibial length) of PAH rats induced by monocrotaline. Furthermore, monocrotaline-induced right ventricular collagen accumulation and collagen I and collagen III expression were both significantly suppressed by chrysin. The expressions of NOX4, NF-κB and MDA contents were obviously decreased, while the T-AOC was significantly increased in right ventricule from PAH rats with chrysin treatment. These results suggest that chrysin ameliorates right ventricular remodeling of PAH induced by monocrotaline in rats through its down-regulating of NOX4 expression and antioxidant activity, and inhibiting NF-κB expression and collagen accumulation.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Heart Ventricles ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Monocrotaline ; toxicity ; NADPH Oxidase 4 ; NADPH Oxidases ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Rats ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects

BACKGROUND:Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is involved in the process of a variety of diseases, and plays a very important role in the tumor, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrotic diseases and so on. These biological characteristics are similar to keloids. OBJECTIVE: To compare the distribution and number of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in normal skin, hypertrophic scar and keloid. METHODS: We colected 40 clinical pathological scar specimens after surgery, including 20 hypertrophic scars and 20 keloids. Another 10 samples of the normal skin were used as control group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to test the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in pathological scars and normal skin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Macrophage migration inhibitory factor was positively expressed in the normal skin, hypertrophic scar and keloid, and the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in keloid was significantly higher than that in hypertrophic scar and normal skin (P < 0.01). It means that the abnormal infiltration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor may be associated with the formation of keloid.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a crucial role in T cell dysfunction, which is related to poor outcome in patients with severe trauma. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) contributes to immune disorder in trauma and infection via production of prostaglandin E2. However, the role of Cox-2 in the accumulation and function of MDSCs after traumatic stress has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we treated murine trauma model with NS398, a selective Cox-2 inhibitor. Then the percentages of CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells, proliferation and apoptosis of CD4+ T cells were determined. Arginase activity and arginase-1 (Arg-1) protein expression of splenic CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response were analyzed. The results showed that Cox-2 blockade significantly decreased the percentages of CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells in the spleen and bone marrow 48 and 72 h after traumatic stress. NS398 inhibited arginase activity and down-regulated the Arg-1 expression of splenic CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells. Moreover, NS398 could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of CD4+ T cells. It also restored DTH response of traumatic mice. Taken together, our data revealed that Cox-2 might play a pivotal role in the accumulation and function of MDSC after traumatic stress.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of rutaecarpine (Rut) on right ventricular remodeling in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH).

METHODForty-eight SD rats were fed adaptively for 1 week and then were randomly divided into the following 4 groups (n = 12): normal control group, monocrotaline (MCT) treatment group, MCT treatment with Rut (20 mg/kg)group and MCT treatment with Rut (40 mg/kg) group. PH rats were induced by a single injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg, sc) and were administered with Rut (20 or 40 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) were monitored via the right jugular vein catheterization into the right ventricle. The ratio of right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle (LV) + septum (S) and the ratio of RV to tibial length were calculated. Right ventricular morphological changes were deserved by HE staining. Masson's trichrome staining was used to display collagen deposition. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in right ventricle were determined according to the manufacturer's instructions. mRNA and protein expression levels of NOX4, collagen I and collagen III were analyzed by immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSThe results showed that Rut treatment for 4 weeks attenuated RVSP, mPAP and right ventricular remodeling index (RV/LV + S and RV/Tibial length) of PH rats induced by monocrotaline. Furthermore, the right ventricular collagen deposition and collagen I and collagen I expression induced by MCT were both significantly suppressed by Rut. The expression levels of NOX4 and MDA were obviously decreased, while the T-AOC was significantly increased in right ventricular from PH rats treated with Rut.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that Rut ameliorates the right ventricular remodeling in rats with PH induced by MCT through down-regulating of NOX4 expression and collagen accumulation.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Heart Ventricles ; metabolism ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Indole Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Monocrotaline ; adverse effects ; NADPH Oxidase 4 ; NADPH Oxidases ; metabolism ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects

This paper reviewed the progress in researches on antiviral activity of chemical constituents from plants in recent years, the antiviral activity and mechanism of action of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, coumarins and polysaccharoses were sammarszed, provided new leading compound for antivirus new drugs from the plares in prospect.
Antiviral Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology