? AlM: To observe the differences of central cornea thickness, anterior chamber depth, corneal anterior curvature and corneal posterior curvature between the Kazak and the Han nationality college emmetropia students, and analyze the relationship of corneal thickness and corneal curvature.?METHODS: More than 500 students in grade one in Xinjiang Medical University for screening, selected 55 emmetropia eyes in Han nationality students and 51 in Kazak students. Sirius corneal topography was applied to the measurement.? RESULTS: Kazak and the Han nationality college emmetropia students' central cornea thickness ( Kazak:0. 52± 0. 03mm, Han:0. 54 ± 0. 03mm), anterior chamber depth (Kazak:2. 97 ± 0. 31mm, Han: 3. 14 ± 0. 25mm) had significant difference (P<0. 05). Corneal anterior curvature and corneal posterior curvature were no significant difference (P>0. 05). Han had no significant relationship in corneal thickness and corneal anterior curvature (r<0), or in corneal posterior curvature ( r < 0. 1 ) . Kazak had no significant relationship in corneal thickness and corneal anterior curvature (r<0), or in corneal posterior curvature(r<0. 1).? CONCLUSlON: There are significant differences between the Kazak and the Han nationality college emmetropia students in cornea thickness, anterior chamber depth. There is no significant relationship between corneal thickness and corneal curvature (K1, K2) in Kazak and the Han nationality college emmetropia students.

To analyze the specific mechanism of Jinxueyuan granules, the relationship between the Jinxueyuan granules increased the saliva secretion of xerostomia model SD rats and excitement of receptors were studied in this experiment. In the study, three groups of xerostomia model rats were successfully established by using M-receptor blockers-4-diphenyl-acetoxy-N-methyl-piperidine (4-DAMP) and atropine, or adrenergic receptor blocker phentolamine; after the modeling, the medicine Jinxueyuan granules were gavaged. According to the clinical dose of Jinxueyuan granules and SD rats body surface area, the rats in atropine group were divided three dose groups respectively, namely low, medium and high dose of Jinxueyuan granules groups. The 4-DAMP group and phentolamine group were gavaged medium dose of Jinxueyuan granules. And the amount of salivary secretion for 150 minutes in all groups continuously were measured, and the effect of Jinxueyuan granules increased salivation and the relationship between characteristics and the receptors were observed; and submandibular gland tissue of the rats was isolated, then the effect of Jinxueyuan Granules for expression of the water channel protein aquaporin-5 (AQP5) in submandibular gland cells was analyzed by the Western blot technology. It was found that the saliva secretion of Jinxueyuan Granules groups was increased significantly, and compared with the saline control group, phentolamine group, 4-DAMP group and atropine group, difference was significant, P < 0.05. There was no significant difference between the low-dose of Jinxueyuan granules group and the saline group, but the medium dose of Jinxueyuan granules group had a significant difference, compared with the saline group (P < 0.05). In the time distribution of increasing saliva secretion, there was a significant difference between the saline and Jinxueyuan granules group in the saliva secretion (P < 0.05). After administration of Jinxueyuan granules, the expression of AQP5 protein in the submandibular gland cells expressing of treatment groups was increased, and compared with the blocker groups, there was a significant difference, P < 0.05. Except the atropine group, there was no significant difference in Jinxueyuan granules relieving the inhibition induced by blocks in phentolamine group and 4-DAMP group, compared with the saline group. Compared the AQP5 expression in three blockers groups, there was no significant difference in the efficacy of Jinxueyuan granules between phentolamine group and 4-DAMP group; but there was a significant difference between the atropine group and other groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, it was considered that the mechanism of Jinxueyuan granules increasing saliva secretion (effectiveness of nourishing Yin and generating body fluid ) possibly through the pathway mediated by muscarinic M receptor, especially M3 receptor, or adrenergic receptor, and increased expression of salivary gland AQP5 membrane, and then stimulate saliva production.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Saliva ; secretion ; Salivary Glands ; drug effects ; secretion ; Xerostomia ; drug therapy ; metabolism

To explore new agents of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives with more potent antiepileptic activity, a series of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide derivatives were designed and synthesized. All of the novel compounds (5a-51) were synthesized from GABA as starting material, and their structures were confirmed with IR, 1H NMR, EI-MS and elemental analysis. Preliminary pharmacological test in vitro showed that all target compounds displayed strong antiepileptic activities and were worth for further study. The structure-activity relationship of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide derivatives was also discussed preliminarily.

Objective To investigate the plantar pressure distribution of the injuried limbs and the healthy side after the operation for Pilon fracture. Methods 31 patients with Pilon fractures were tested with Footscan USB2 system, including the maximum force and impulse of 10 zones of the feet 1 year after surgery. Results Compared with the contralateral feet, the maximum force reduced under the the first metatarsal bone, medial heel, and lateral heel (P<0.05), and it increased under the fourth, and fifth metatarsal bone (P<0.05) of the injured feet. The impulse reduced under the the first metatarsal bone, medial heel, and lateral heel (P<0.05), and increased under the fifth metatarsal bone and midfoot (P<0.05). Conclusion The load decreased on the heel and medial forefoot, and increased on the lateral forefoot of the injured limbs after Pilon fracture, while the lateral forefoot and midfoot tend to be injured.

Objective To study high resolution CT (HRCT) and MRI findings of temporal bone anomaly in patients with tinnitus and identify the optimal examination method in the detection of the anomaly. Methods The HRCT and MRI data were analyzed retrospectively in 1015 patients including 145 patients with pulsatile tinnitus (PT) and 870 patients with nonpulsatile tinnitus (NPT). The positive rates of HRCT and MRI in the identification of temporal bone anomaly were analyzed and the efficiency of various examination methods was compared in revealing the anomaly. Data were tested by Chi-square test analysis. Results Among 1015 patients, anomaly was seen in 767 cases (75.57%). High jugular bulb was found in 414 patients, accounting for 40. 79%. Sigmoid sinus anomaly was detected in 387 patients (38. 13%), while otitis media was found in 148 cases (14. 58%), and low middle cranial fossa in 70 cases (6. 90%). The positive rate of HRCT in the detection of high jugular bulb was 54. 89% (365/665), which was significantly higher than those of other methods (P ＜ 0. 05). The positive rate of enhanced HRCT in showing sigmoid sinus anomaly was 73.68% (56/76), which was significantly higher than those of other methods(P ＜0. 05). Sigmoid sinus anomaly was the most frequent finding in patients with PT, accounting for 66. 21% (96/145). The incidence of sigmoid sinus anomaly was higher in PT than in NPT (291/870,33.45% ;χ2 =56. 537 ,P ＜0. 01). The fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) sequence was the best examination method in displaying the vessel within the internal auditory canal (42/42,100%).Conclusions High jugular bulb and sigmoid sinus anomaly were the most frequent abnormal findings of temporal bone in patients with tinnitus. Enhanced HRCT was the choice of modality in patients with PT.Plain HRCT was recommended for NPT. FIESTA sequence was the best in the evaluation of the vessel within the internal auditory canal.

Objective Human sperm hyaluronidase in the acrosome is a key enzyme during fertilization.To study and establish a modified substrate film method to improve the diagnotic and treatment of male infertility and investigate the influence of sperm hyaluronidase on male fertility.Methods According to the biochemical feature of sperm hyaluronidase that can dissolve the hyaluronic acid in matrixes,the modified sodium hyaluronate-Gelatin membrane was used as substrate to demonstrate the sperm hyaluronidase activity by incubation and staining.70 human semen samples were selected,categorized and detected for hyaluronidase activity according to the resuh of routine clinical semen examination.The average sperm hyaluronidase activity was statistically anyliezed between the fertile group and infertile group.Results Under general light microscope,the clear and bright digestion circle around the sperm head can be observed against the background of deep purple-blue stained substrate at the positive-reaction area.The amounts of positive reaction and the diameter of the bright circle are positively related to the activity of sperm hyaluronidase.The average hyaluronidase reaction rate and diameter of normal fertile group were 70.84% and 78.17 ?m;What about the infertile group A were 60.02% and 76.92 ?m;The infertile group B were 29.11% and 8.22 ?m; There was statistical difference of HYD activity between the infertile group.B and the fertile group(P

Protein ubiquitin-like modification of Neddylation is an important post-translational modification mode of protein to widely regulate cell cycle, growth, development and other biological processes. Recent studies have found that MLN4924, small molecule inhibitor of Neddylation modification, has a significant anti-tumor effect, which can inhibit the tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis, and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. This paper reviews the related mechanism research of cell programmed death induced by Neddylation modification pathway inhibitor MLN4924.

Objectives To observe the changes of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) during the course of treatment in hepatolen-ticular degeneration (HLD) and to evaluate its related factors.Methods Sixty - three patients with HLD received routine SE sequence MRI of brain and liver.Twenty - two patients with abnormal MRI in 42 patients and each of them had 2-4 times of serial MRI ex-aminations at interval of 1.0- 1.5 year.Results Ten patients had lesion in both brain and liver in 22 patients. Nine patients only in brain, 3 patients in liver.The major lesions disappear or decrease after rational treatments. There were only slight or no changes of MRI abnormalities in patients receiving treatments or age of patients was over 15 year old. Abnormal MRI findings shown again after stopped treatments over 2 months. In such cases, the clinical and MRI improvements were slow.The rate of clinical and MRI improvement in patients with adequate treatment were markedly higher than patients with inadequate treatment.Conclusions Liver and brain lesion will show in MRI disappear after adequate treatment;There are only slight or no change or showing again in MRI abnormalities in pa-tients with inadequate treatments compared with poor clinical improvement. MRI is beneficial to understanding therapeutic effect and prognosis of HLD.

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Endoglin ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Thy-1 Antigens ; metabolism ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge (Dan shen in Chinese)is extracted from dried roots and rhizomes of Labiatae Salvia.Tan-shinones are the main lipid-soluble components in Salvia,each has specific pharmacological activity.This review focuses on the research progress of Tanshinones on cardiovascular diseases,an-ti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, anti-tumor effect,hepatocyte protection and neuroprotective effects.Thera-peutic effects and mechanisms of Tanshinones on diverse disea-ses are summarized,pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutic evalua-tion were concluded.This review provides a global understand-ing about Tanshinones as a class of effective and promising can-didates for further studies,and lays a foundation for developing new Tanshinone-based agents according to the characteristics of Tanshinones.