Objective: To investigate the changes of energy metabolism before and after ginger-processing of Coptidis Rhizoma, and elucidate the relationship between the changes of medicinal properties and the energy metabolism. Methods: Crude Coptidis Rhizoma and ginger-processed Coptidis Rhizoma decoctions were prepared and administered to rats once a day for 7 d by gavage. Blood and liver were used to detect the content and activity of key enzymes in three pathways of energy metabolism. The composition analysis analyzed the detection results and screened out the key enzymes for the main changes in energy metabolism before and after processing. Results: Compared with the control group, the activities of HK, PFK, PK and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, II, III and IV in crude Coptidis Rhizoma group were decreased significantly, and the content of CS, ICD and α-KGDH was decreased significantly.The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes II, III and IV and the activities of PFK and PK in the ginger-processed Coptidis Rhizoma group were significantly decreased. HK and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I was decreased to some extent, but there was no significant difference. The content of α-KGDH was decreased significantly, and the content of CS and ICD was decreased in a certain degree. Compared with the crude Coptidis Rhizoma group, the activities of HK, PFK, PK and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, II, and III in the ginger-processed Coptidis Rhizoma group were increased significantly, and the content of CS, ICD and α-KGDH was increased significantly. There was no significant change in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV. Two principal components were extracted by principal component analysis. Among them, complex II and complex III had the maximum contribution rate of principal component 2 and principal component 1 of 0.916 and 0.873, respectively. Conclusion: The weakening of cold in nature of Coptis chinensis after ginger-processed treatment may be due to the inhibition of the inhibitory effect of C. chinensis on mitochondria respiratory chain complex II and complex III in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.

Five compounds (tenuifoliside C, tenuifoliside D, telephiose A, telephiose C and polygalaxanthone III) from polygala tenuifolia wild were incubated together with CYP probe substrate in human liver microsomes to investigate the inhibitory effect towards CYP450 enzyme. Phenacetin (CYP1A2), coumarin (CYP2A6), paclitaxel (CYP2C8), diclofenac (CYP2C9), S-mepheriytoin (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1), midazolam (CYP3A) were selected as the isoforfn specific substrate. And the formation of paracetamol, 7-hydroxycoumarin, 6alpha-hydroxy paclitaxel, 4'-hydroxydiclofenac, dextrorphan, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone, 1'-hydroxymidazolam, 4'-hydroxymephenytoin were detected respectively to measure the effect towards CYP450 by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The result shows that five compounds from polygala tenuifolia willd significantly inhibit chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2E1, while showed no effect towards CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A. And IC50 value was 38.73, 54.14, 61.77, 62.22, 50.56 micromol x L(-1), respectively.
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Esters ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Oligosaccharides ; pharmacology ; Polygala ; chemistry ; Xanthones ; pharmacology

To discuss the effective method of decreasing the postoperative recurrence rate of recurrent pterygium.
●METHODS:Totally 126 cases (126 eyes) with recurrent pterygium were randomly divided into A group (56 cases) and B group ( 70 cases ). Group A was treated by pterygium conjunctive reverse transplantation combined with amniotic membrane transplantation, group B was treated by amniotic membrane transplantation. The followed-up time after surgery was 6-24mo.
●RESULTS:ln group A, postoperative 5-7d (average 5. 62± 1. 38d), cornea epithelium was repaired. ln group B, postoperative 7- 10d ( average 7. 38 ± 1. 12d), the corneal wound was healed. There was statistical significant difference between two groups (t = 4. 307,P<0. 05). Three cases recurrence were noted in A therapeutic group (56 cases), the recurrent rate was 5. 4%; Twelve cases recurrence were noted in B compared group (70 cases), the recurrent rate was 17. 1%. There was statistical significant difference between two groups(P<0. 05).
●CONCLUSlON: lt is suggested that pterygium conjunctive reverse transplantation combined with amniotic membrane transplantation is effective in the treatment of recurrent pterygium.

To establish an HPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin in rats plasma and study its pharmamacokinetics after an intragastrical administration of Hippophae rhamnoides extracts. Five healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given single doses of H. rhamnoides extracts (quercetin 26.35 mg x kg(-1), kaempferid 4.040 mg x kg(-1), isorhamnetin 31.37 mg x kg(-1)), and then their orbital sinus blood samples were collected at different time points. The drug plasma concentration of the three flavonoids was determined by HPLC-MS/MS method. After that, the main pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated by using Kinetica 5. 0. 11 software. The methodological test showed that the linear concentration ranges of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin were 7.500-600.0 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 5), 1.000-80.00 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 5 ) and 10.00-800.0 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 0), respectively. The inner and inter-days precisions were both less than 14.0%. The plasma samples showed a good stability and consistency with the requirement of biological sample analysis after the samples were frozen once and placed at - 20 degrees C for 15 d and room temperature for 6 h and the treated analytes were placed at -20 degrees C for 24 h. For quercetin, the pharmacokinetic parameter t(½β), AUC(0-∞), MRT(0.∞), C.(max) and T(max) were (113.3 ± 19.37) min, (12 542.14 ± 3 504.05) μg x h x L(-1), (119.6 ± 13.29) h, (164.6 ± 27.33) μg x L(-1) and (5.199 ± 0.840 3) h, respectively. For kaempferid, the pharmacokinetic parameters t(½β), AUC(0-t), MRT(0-∞), C(max) and T(max) were (79.85 ± 17.15) min, (934.51 ± 94.59) μg x h x L(-1), (81.50 ± 13.75) h, (80.15 ± 14.24) μg x L(-1) and (3.827 ± 0.902 7) h, respectively. For isorhamnetin, the pharmacokinetic parameters t1,2,, AUC(0-t), MRT(0-∞), C(max) and T(max) were (118.3 ± 20.73) min, (26 067.77 ± 4 124.60) μg x h x L(-1), (129.0 ± 16.30) h, (269.6 ± 29.32) μg x L(-1) and (6.513 ± 1.450) h, respectively. The HPLC-MS/MS analysis method established in this study was proved to be sensitive and accurate and could be applied in the pharmacokinetic study of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin in rat plasma.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Objective To preliminarily investigate the clinical features and efficacy of surgical treatment of moyamoya syndrome in patients w ith hyperthyroidism. Methods From December 2002 to April 2013, 41 patients w ith moyamoya syndrome based on the disease of hyperthyroidism admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the 307th Hospital of PLA w ere analyzed retrospectively. The clinical data w ere colected, including sex, age of onset, initial symptoms, progress symptoms, imaging features, Suzuki staging, and surgical efficacy, and they w ere compared w ith the clinical data of the patients w ith moyamoya disease treated at the same time. Results The ratio of male to female w as about 1∶4 in moyamoya syndrome patients w ith hyperthyroidism. The peak age of onset w as 25 to 34 years old. Compared w ith the patients w ith moyamoya disease at the same period, the proportion of patients w ith cerebral infarction as initial symptom w as higher in the moyamoya syndrome group ( 39.0% vs.24.2%; χ2 = 4.796, P =0.029), more patients had symptomatic progression (46.3% vs.25.4%; χ2 =9.207, P =0.002), and the proportion of of patients w ith cerebral hemorrhage as initial symptom w as low er ( 2.4% vs.14.6%; χ2 = 4.829, P =0.028). Thirty-seven patients w ho received encephalo -duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) w ere folow ed up for 43 ± 19 months. The results show ed that the clinical symptoms of 31 patients had different degrees of improvement. Conclusions Moyamoya syndrome of hyperthyroidism is more common in w omen. The risk of cerebral infarction is higher and more prone to have disease progression. The efficacy of EDAS is better for controling the progression of moyamoya syndrome in patients w ith hyperthyroidism.

Objective To discuss the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV )infection in the Guangxi .Methods A total of 26 796 copies of the test results for female cervical secretions specimens were analyzed retrospectively from what the second-genera-tion hybrid capture technology mixed detect 13 kinds of high-risk HPV viral DNA .Results Infection rate was 17 .94% in Guangxi , and the infection of HPV in north was higher than other regions ,and the differences of regions had statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The peak age of infection in the Guangxi region was less than 20 years old ,50- <60 years old ,and equal or more than 60 years old .The differences among age groups was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Patients constitute HPV infection Guangxi re-gion had high viral load for 40 .93% ,and high viral load constituent ratio rise with age .Conclusion The existence of high-risk HPV infection is regional different and age different in the Guangxi region ,to high-prone areas ,infection high age should focus on monito-ring ,high viral load in patients with complete cervical cytology and histology examination if necessary .

The effect of plant growth regulator forchlorfenuron (CPPU) 1 x 10(-6), 0.67 x 10(-6), 0.5 x 10(-6) on fruit morphology and effective components lignans was studied. Those morphologies were the combination of four basic morphological changes. The result showed, diametre were increased and longitudinal diametre of fruits were inhibited by foliage fertilizers including CPPU. At the same time, 1 000-grain weight and yield showed the varying degrees increase under CPPU. The order of the degree was 0.5 x 10(-6) > 1 x 10(-6) > 0.67 x 10(-6). Six lignans content of Schisandra chinensis of different harvest time and different CPPU processing groups were determined, the results showed that lignans accumulation occurred mainly in periods of premature the half mature fruiting stages. Under the 0.67 x 10(-6) CPPU treatment, schisandrol B, schisandrin B, schisandrin C content of S. chinensis showed different increase.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cyclooctanes ; analysis ; metabolism ; Dioxoles ; analysis ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fruit ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Lignans ; analysis ; metabolism ; Phenylurea Compounds ; pharmacology ; Polycyclic Compounds ; analysis ; metabolism ; Pyridines ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of reinforcing Shen method (RSM) and activating blood method (ABM) in treating osteoarthritis (OA) at the molecular level.

METHODSThe physical and chemical characteristics of components from respective recipes of RSM and ABM, and network features of component-target interaction network were analyzed by computer simulation methods including chemical space, molecular docking, and biological network, etc.

RESULTSThe chemical components of RSM and ABM were scarcely scattered with larger overlapping. Among established networks, the distribution of network features was partially similar in RSM and ABM. The average target number correlated with each component was 1.86 in RSM and 2.11 in ABM respectively. Each average target number was respectively correlated with 4.46 compounds and 3.93 compounds, reflecting multi-component and multi-target actions.

CONCLUSIONComputer simulation could intuitively trace out similarities and differences of two different methods and their interaction with targets, which revealed that the compatibility of RSM and ABM could have broader protein targets and potential synergism at the molecular level.

Computer Simulation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; methods

The osmotic pressure of ammonium sulfate solutions has been measured by the well-established freezing point osmometry in dilute solutions and we recently reported air humidity osmometry in a much wider range of concentration. Air humidity osmometry cross-validated the theoretical calculations of osmotic pressure based on the Pitzer model at high concentrations by two one-sided test (TOST) of equivalence with multiple testing corrections, where no other experimental method could serve as a reference for comparison. Although more strict equivalence criteria were established between the measurements of freezing point osmometry and the calculations based on the Pitzer model at low concentration, air humidity osmometry is the only currently available osmometry applicable to high concentration, serves as an economic addition to standard osmometry.
Ammonium Sulfate ; chemistry ; Freezing ; Humidity ; Osmolar Concentration ; Osmometry ; methods ; Osmotic Pressure ; Solutions

OBJECTIVETo examine the association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy in children.

METHODSA total of 190 children with ASD were enrolled. A self-designed questionnaire, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and Autism Behavior Checklist were used to determine the association between ASD and epilepsy.

RESULTSAmong the 190 children with ASD, 20 (10.5%) had epileptic seizures and 12 (6.3%) were diagnosed with epilepsy. The rates of abnormal physical development and hearing disorders before the age of one year were significantly higher in ASD children with epileptic seizures than in those without epileptic seizures (P<0.05). The ASD children diagnosed with epilepsy and those receiving epilepsy treatment had a significantly increased rate of abnormal physical development before the age of one year (P<0.05). The ASD children with epileptic seizures had poorer sensory responses and behavioral competencies than those without epileptic seizures (P<0.05). Epilepsy treatment have a positive effect on behavioral competencies in ASD children (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a significant association between ASD and epilepsy in children. The possibility of the comorbidity between ASD and epilepsy may be assessed according to the status of growth and development before the age of one year, sensory responses and behavioral competencies, and the presence or absence of epileptic seizures.

Adolescent ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Developmental Disabilities ; etiology ; Epilepsy ; complications ; Female ; Hearing Disorders ; etiology ; Humans ; Male