Background Dacryocystitis is one of the most common infectious eye diseases.The gold standard for the identification of bacteria causing dacryocystitis is bacterial culture.The combination of regular culture method with molecular biology techeniques will generate more reliable results.However,very few research data are available in ophthalmological studies in this area.Objective This study was to identify the genera and species of the dacryocystitis-causing bacteria by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA sequences.Methods Ten cases of qualified standardized bacteria samples were taken,and the nucleic acids were released in the heating process of the PCR procedure.The 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced,and the genera and species were identified using BLAST from GenBank,and the results were used to compare with the results from biochemical identification to test the reliability of this method.The cultured bacterial species from the lacrimal sac secretions from 30 cases of dacryocystitis patients were identified with the above method.Results The outcome of the PCR identification for the 10 cases of quality control standard bacterial specimens was consistent with the results from the biochemical identification.The identification of the 30 cases of dacryocystitis through sequencing the 16S rRNA revealed there were 13 cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis infection,2 cases of Staphylococcus warneri infection,1 case of Staphylococcus hominis infection,5 cases of Corynebacterium macginleyi infection,3 cases of Streptococcus pneumonia infection,2 cases of Bacillus cereus infection,1 case of Micrococcus luteus infection,1 case of Moraxella catarrhalis infection,1 case of Moraxella osloensis infection and 1 case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.Conclusions Sequencing the 16S rRNA is an accurate and specific way for the identification of the genera and species of bacteria that cause dacryocystitis in patients.This sequencing method is feasible in monitoring a variety of dacryocystitis-causing pathogens.More information and epidemiological statistics about dacryocystitis can be obtained from 16S rRNA sequencing.

ObjectiveTo observe the cells of frontal recess region with multi-detector CT muhiplanar reconstruction(MPR).MethodsOne hundred patients without the disease of frontal sinus and frontal recess region underwent axial multi-detector CT scan with axial,coronal and sagittal multiplanar reconstruction.ResultsIn 100 cases(200 sides),the agger nasi cell is present in 186 sides(93.0%),the frontal cells were identified in 88 sides(44.0%),the prevalence of type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ,type Ⅲ and type Ⅳ cells were 51 sides(58.0%),23 sides(26.1%),14 sides(15.9%)and 0 sides,respectively. The suprabullar cells,the frontal bullar cells and the supraorbital ethmoid cells were identified in 130 sides (65.0%),23 sides(11.5%)and 11 sides(5.5%),respectively.The interfrontal septal cells were identified in 36 sides(18.0%).There was no significant difference between males and females,as well as between left and right side(P＞0.05).Conclusion With MPR imaging,doctors could better understand the frontal recess region,which is helpful to the endoscopic frontal sinus surgery.

0.05).CONCLUSION MPR images could objectively and accurately demonstrate the shape of the PPF communications and their adjacent structures.

Aim To explore the effect of pharmacolog-ical activation of serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2C R) on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in morphine-de-pendent mice. Method EthoVision Noldus video tracking system was used to record the effect of 5-HT2C R agonist WAY on locomotor activities and behavioral performances in mice.Results Selective 5-HT2C R ag-onist WAY (0.5,0.75 or 1 .0 mg·kg -1 ,i.p.)a-lone did not alter the locomotor activities as determined by distance traveled and velocity (all P values >0.05).Chronic morphine treatment induced depend-ence in mice as demonstrated by increases in distance traveled,velocity and jumping behavior.WAY (0.5, 0.75 or 1 .0 mg·kg -1 ,i.p.)and clonidine (0.2 mg ·kg -1 ,i.p.)significantly ameliorated naloxone-pre-cipitated withdrawal symptoms,including burrowing, jumping,body grooming,rearing,“wet dog”shakes, head shakes,face grooming,penile grooming,scratch (all P values <0.05).Conclusion Pharmacological activation of 5-HT2C R ameliorates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent mice.5-HT2C R may be a novel target to develop therapeutic ap-proach against morphine physical dependence,craving and relapsing.

Objective To investigate the relationship of the serum level of IL-23 and MMP-9 with the clinicopathologic features in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods 48 pathologically confirmed ESCC patients and 30 Endoscopic biopsy of benign were included in this study. The serum levels of IL-23 and MMP-9 were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Serum IL-23 level in patients with ESCC was significantly higher than that in controls (t = 26.66, 16.89, P<0.05). Furthermore, Pearson′s correlation analysis revealed that serum IL-23 was positively correlated with the serum MMP-9 level in ESCC patients (r = 0.790, P < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that enhanced serum IL-23 significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Conclusion Overexpression of IL-23 may involve in the occurrence and development of ESCC. IL-23 may contribute to tumorinvasion and metastasis by stimulating the expression of MMP-9.

Objective To investigate the factors related to death of thoracic trauma emergency in children.Methods Total 528 children and infants aged 0-14 years with thoracic injuries , including 317 boys and 211 girls, admitted in emergency department from January 2010 to January 2014 were included in the study.The factors related to emergency death were investigated by using conditional logistic analysis.Results Among 528 cases, emergency death occurred in 34 cases with an emergency mortality rate of 6.44%.Single-factor analysis showed that emergency death was correlated with complication with other organ trauma, the time of first medical intervention , the time of arriving at first contact hospital , the rank of first contact hospital , hypoxemia and causes of injuries ( all P<0.05 ); however , not correlated with the gender, age, of patients, areas of residence, family economic status and seasons of injury occurring (all P>0.05).Logistic analysis showed that the time of first medical interventio n>30 min ( B=1.467,95%CI:0.412-0.975), complication with other organ trauma (B=2.342,95%CI:0.415-0.943), hypoxemia (B=2.915,95%CI:0.749-0.819), and first visiting to tertiary hospital (B=-1.861,95%CI:1.023-1.742) were influencing factors of emergency death.Conclusion The results indicate that to improve the success rate of emergency treatment of thoracic trauma in children , it is necessary to reduce the time of first medical intervention and to correct the hypoxemia promptly.

Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture at Quchi (LI11) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints on motor behaviors, the axonal integrity and nerve bundle of motor cortex and striatum in rat model of ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham opera-tion group (sham group), ischemia control group (model group) and electroacupuncture treatment group (EA group) with twelve rats in each group. The later two groups were occluded their middle cerebral arteries for two hours. Twenty-four hours after modeling, EA group re-ceived electroacupuncture at Quchi (LI11) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints on the paralyzed limb, once a day, for 14 days. They were assessed with modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) and Rota-rod test, and scanned with small animal magnetic resonance imaging system for T2-weighted image (T2WI) and DTI, the infarct size, related fractional anisotropy (rFA) and related number of tracks of motor cortex and striatum were recorded. Results Compared with the sham group, the score of mNSS increased in the model group and EA group after model-ing, and was lower in EA group than in the model group seven days and 14 days after intervention (P<0.05). Rota-rod test showed that the retention time was significantly longer in EA group than in the model group (P<0.05). T2WI showed that the infarct size was smaller in EA group than in the model group (P<0.05). DTI showed that rFA in motor cortex and striatum was higher in EA group than in the model group (P<0.05), as well as the related number of tracks (P<0.05) in motor cortex. Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Quchi and Zusanli acupoints could improve the motor function in rats with ischemic stroke, which may be related to the recovery of nerve bundle of motor cortex and stri-atum in ischemic side.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on kidney injury induced by urinary-derived sepsis. Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into Control group, Sham group, Sepsis group, NaHS 2.8μmol/kg group and NaHS 8.4μmol/kg group. Upper urinary tract obstruction and acute infection was induced to estab-lish Sepsis model. At 24 h before surgery, and 24 h, 48 h, 72 h after surgery, blood was taken to examine white blood cell count (WBC), creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). At 72 h after surgery, morphological changes were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect TNF-α, IL-10 and NF-κB expression. Blood H2S concentration was measured by deproteinization and Cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) activity us-ing spectrophotometric methylene blue method. Results At 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after surgery, Levels of WBC, Cr and BUN were all elevated in Sepsis group compared with the other four groups. Levels of WBC and BUN in NaHS 8.4μmol/kg group were lower than those in NaHS 2.8μmol/kg group. At 24 h, 48 h after surgery, there is no significant difference be-tween levels of Cr in NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group and that in NaHS 2.8 μmol/kg group , but Cr level in NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group was marked lower than that in NaHS 2.8μmol/kg group 72 hour after surgery. Pathological features of kidney injury were also alleviated by intravenous administration of NaHS. TNF-α, NF-κB expressions in NaHS 2.8μmol/kg group and NaHS 8.4 μmol/kg group were lower than those in Sepsis group, IL- 10 expression was higher than that in Sepsis group. TNF-α, NF-κB expressions in NaHS 8.4μmol/kg group were lower than that in NaHS 2.8μmol/kg group, whereas IL-10 expression in NaHS 8.4μmol/kg group was higher than that in NaHS 2.8μmol/kg group. Compared with Control group and Sham group, H2S content and CSE expression in kidney were decreased in Sepsis group. After intravenous administration of NaHS, H2S content increased, but the CSE activity has no obvious change. Conclusion Exogenous H2S reduced kidney in-jury induced by urinary-derived sepsis through inhibiting NF-κB, decreasing TNF-αand increasing IL-10.

Objective To analyse the characteristics of orbital benign and malignant masses on diffusion weighted imaging in combination with conventional MR imaging and evaluate the diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient in distinguishing benign and malignant orbital lesions.Methods Seventy- seven cases with orbital masses,including fifty-five benign lesions and twenty-two malignant tumors,who underwent conventional MRI and diffusion imaging scanning were studied with use of a 1.5 T magnetic resonance system.Quantitative ADC measurements of masses(ADC_M)and of the white matter of eontralateral temporal lobe(ADC_W)were made with two different b-values of 0 and 1000 s/mm~2.The ADC ratio(ADCR)of the lesion to the control was calculated.The receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC) were constructed using various cut points of ADC_M and ADCR for different parameters to differentiate between benign and malignant masses.The area under the ROC curve for each parameter was also calculated. Results All cases were proved by histopathology.The mean ADC_M and ADCR of benign orbital masses were(1.56?0.75)?10~(-3)mm~2/s and 1.85?0.91,respectively.The mean ADC_M and ADCR of malignant orbital masses were(1.09?0.42)?10~(-3)mm~2/s and 1.28?0.53,respectively.There were significant difference both between ADC_M and ADCR of benign and malignant masses(t=2.803,2.735,P