OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of multidrug resistance gene 1 ( MDR1), glutathione-S-transferases-pi (GST-pi) in osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma tissues from 34 patients and their correlation with chemotherapy resistance.

METHODSMDR1 and GST-pi expressions were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and flow cytometry (FCM) at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Chemotherapy sensitivity on adriamycin, cisplatinum, fluorouracil, mitomycin C, dacarbazine, vincristine, methotrexate in tumor tissues were detected by MTT assay.

RESULTSThe nonsensitive rates on adriamycin, cisplatinum, fluorouracil, mitomycin C, dacarbazine, vincristine, methotrexate in tumor tissues were 41.18%, 17.7%, 47.1%, 50.0%, 76.5%, 61.8% and 52.9%, respectively. The expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and GST-pi in tumor tissues was 1.54 and 2.58 (relative fluorescence intensity). Chi2 analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between P-gp expression and drug resistance on ADM, GST-pi expression and resistance on ADM, DDP and MMC (P < 0.05). There was not seen obvious correlation between expression of MDR1, GST-pi and age, gender, pathological type, tumor size in osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma patients (P > 0.05). The expression of GST-pi was increased in patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy. The rate of postoperative recurrence was higher in patients with higher GST-pi expression level than those with lower GST-pi expression level before operation (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIndividual differences exist in chemotherapy sensitivity and expression of MDR1 and GST-pi in osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcomas patients. Chemotherapy can induce up-regulation of GST-pi protein expression. Primary high expression of GST-pi is the main mechanism of resistance of osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcomas to chemotherapy and is related to poor prognosis.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Bone Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Child ; Cisplatin ; therapeutic use ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitolactol ; therapeutic use ; Mitomycins ; therapeutic use ; Osteosarcoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sarcoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of TopI gene in small cell lung cancer cell line H446, and explore the influence of TopI on the chemosensitivity of the cell line to topotecan (TPT).

METHODSWestern blot was performed to detect the TopI expression in H446 cells. Lipofectamine 2000 was used for the transient transfection of H446 cells by siRNA, and the transfection efficacy was detected. TopI mRNA was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and TopI protein was detected by Western blot to selected effective siRNA. The drug-sensitivity to topotecan (TPT) was evaluated by MTT assay.

RESULTSTopI gene was expressed in H446 cells. Lipofectamine 2000 mediated the siRNA effectively (88.67%). Compared with its parental cells, RT-PCR results showed that TopI mRNAs in transfected cells were reduced by (95.7 +/- 1.6)%, (90.8 +/- 1.6)%, (96.1 +/- 2.7)% and (96.3 +/- 1.8)%, respectively, and decreased significantly at protein level. By MTT assay, the inhibition rate of TPT to H446 cells transfected by siRNA was lower than that of control group at same concentrations (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONsiRNAs can silence the expression of TopI and decrease the drug-sensitivity of H446 cells to TPT.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I ; genetics ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Topotecan ; pharmacology ; Transfection

Animals ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Endostatins ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; radiotherapy ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Mitoxantrone ; pharmacokinetics ; Neoplasm Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prognostic factors of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and establish a reliable model of clinical prognostic index.

METHODSKaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used to analyze the relationship between survival time and prognostic factors in 60 cases of SCLC. The prognostic factors included clinical and laboratory parameters, serum cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), CA125, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R).

RESULTSKaplan-Meier analysis showed that poor prognosis was in patients with KPS < 80 or extensive disease and unrelated to other clinical parameters such as age, sex and smoking index, and in patients with serum NSE > 30 micro g/L, CEA > 5.0 micro g/L, CA125 > 37 KU/L and sIL-2R > 500 KU/L. Serum IL-2 and CYFRA21-1 were also elevated, but had no significant prognostic value. Multivariate analysis indicated that serum NSE, stage and treatment of disease were independent prognostic factors. The three prognostic factors enabled establishment of a prognostic index (PI) based on a simple algorithm: PI = NSE (0 if < or = 30 micro g/L, 1 if > 30 microg/L) + stage (0 = LD, 1 = ED) + CEA (0 if < or = 5.0 microg/L, 1 if > 5.0 microg/L).

CONCLUSIONThe stage of disease, systemic treatment and the level of serum NSE are independent prognostic factors. Without considering the influence of treatment-related factors on survival, the levels of serum CEA, NSE and stage of disease before treatment are significant independent prognostic factors. PI calculated on the basis of CEA, NSE and stage is recommended to predict the survival of SCLC.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Brain Neoplasms ; secondary ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; mortality ; secondary ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prognostic factors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at stage III and IV and establish a reliable model of clinical prognostic index.

METHODSKaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used to analyze the relationship between the prognostic factors and survival time in 114 cases of NSCLC. The prognostic factors included clinical-pathological features and serum levels of cytokeratin fragment 19 (Cyfra21-1), CEA, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), CA125, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R).

RESULTSKaplan-Meier analysis showed that KPS, sex, disease stage, treatment, Cyfra21-1, sIL-2R and CA125 were related to prognosis. Multivariate analysis indicated that Cyfra21-1, stage and treatment were independent prognostic factors. When Cyfra21-1 > 3.5 mg/L, stage IV and chemotherapy < 3 cycles, the relative risk (RR) was 1.691, 2.229 and 3.035, respectively. In patients given 3 or more cycles of chemotherapy, serum Cyfra21-1, sIL-2R and stage at diagnosis were significantly independent prognostic factors. Three of these prognostic factors were used to establish a prognostic index (PI) model based on a simple algorithm: PI = Cyfra21-1 + sIL-2R + stage. The median survival period of patients with 3 or more cycles of chemotherapy were 18 months if PI = 0, 8 months if PI = 1 or 2, and 5 months if PI = 3.

CONCLUSIONThe serum Cyfra21-1, sIL-2R and disease stage in unresectable NSCLC were independent prognostic factors. PI calculated on the basis of Cyfra21-1, sIL-2R and stage is recommended to predict the survival period of NSCLC.

Antigens, Neoplasm ; blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratin-19 ; Keratins ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND(11)C-4-N-(3-bromoanilino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline ((11)C-PD153035) has been reported as a tracer for imaging human tumors that overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However it is still unclear whether (11)C-PD153035 uptake correlates with EGFR expression levels. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between (11)C-PD153035 accumulation and EGFR expression levels.

METHODSSynthesis of (11)C-PD153035 was performed in the Tracerlab FXc system. Accumulation of (11)C-PD153035 by MDA-MB-468, A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells was measured in vitro. There were six tumor-bearing mice in each group. (11)C-PD153035 uptake in tumors was determined by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Tumor/normal muscle tissue (T/NT) analysis in PET images was applied to quantify the PET data. Sixty minutes after PET/CT scanning, the nude mice were sacrificed and the tumors were excised. The (11)C-PD153035 accumulation in different tumors was determined by a gamma counter.

RESULTSClose correlation existed between the uptake and the level of EGFR expression both in vitro and ex vivo (r(2) = 0.72, P < 0.001; r(2) = 0.63, P = 0.003). When the static T/NT analysis method was applied to analyze the PET data, the observed correlation was again excellent (r(2) = 0.70, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSThe uptake of PET tracer (11)C-PD153035 closely correlates with the EGFR expression levels in tumor cells. (11)C-PD153035 has the potential to yield useful information for both cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Animals ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Quinazolines ; metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; analysis ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo screen the sensitive chemotherapeutic agents to human endometrial carcinoma cell line-1 (HECCL-1) and study its mechanism.

METHODSMTT method was used to examine the relative inhibition ratios (RIRs) of various concentrations of 18 chemotherapeutic agents to HECCL-1. Cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of MDR1 protein were detected by FCM.

RESULTSNine of the chemotherapeutic agents studied obviously inhibited the proliferative activity of HECCL-1 in a dose-dependent manner. The order of sensitivity was as follows: adriamycin (ADM), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), carboplatin (CBP), cisplatin (DDP), taxol (TAL), epirubicin (EPI), mitoxantrone (MIT), dactomycin (ACTD) and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). FCM showed these agents could significantly reduce the proportion of cells in G0-G1 phase, and increase the proportion of cells in S and G2-M phase (P < 0.05). Cell apoptosis was observed in 11 chemotherapeutic agents at their peak concentration. MDR expression was induced after using EPI, 5-Fu, hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) and MIT.

CONCLUSIONHECCL-1 is sensitive to a number of the chemotherapeutic agents studied. Induced apoptosis may be the major mechanism of drug sensitivity, and acquired drug-resistance may be the critical reason against continued administration.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carboplatin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

BACKGROUNDSentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has become a common procedure for early breast cancer patients. The GeneSearch(TM) Breast Lymph Node (BLN) Assay is a real-time RT-PCR assay for the detecting nodal metastases larger than 0.2 mm. China Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group (CBCSG)-001a is a prospective multi-center clinical trial that was conducted to validate the GeneSearch(TM) BLN Assay in China.

METHODSThe SLNs from 90 consecutive patients were identified and dissected, and then sectioned along the short axis into multiple blocks. Intra-operatively, the odd blocks were tested by BLN assay and the even ones were used for frozen section, while all the blocks were evaluated by touch imprint cytology. Post-operatively, the remaining tissues were assessed by histological evaluation.

RESULTSA total of 189 SLNs was tested by BLN assay. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 88.9%, 97.4%, 88.9% and 97.4%, respectively, for BLN assay, 75.0%, 100%, 100% and 94.4%, respectively, for frozen section, and 63.9%, 100%, 100% and 92.2%, respectively, for touch imprint cytology. The sensitivity of BLN assay was higher than that of touch imprint cytology (P = 0.01) and frozen section (P = 0.13). When assessing the nodes with micro-metastases, BLN assay had a significant higher sensitivity than frozen section (P = 0.023) and touch imprint cytology (P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONThe GeneSearch(TM) BLN Assay is an accurate and rapid intra-operative assay for breast SLNs and it is suitable for application in general medical practice.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of GeneSearch(TM) BLN assay as an intraoperative diagnostic method of sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients.

METHODSNinety consecutive patients were involved in this study. SLNs were intraoperatively identified and dissected, and then sectioned vertically to the long axis into multiple blocks. The odd blocks were tested by BLN assay and even ones prepared for frozen sectioning (FS), while all blocks were evaluated by touch imprint cytology (TIC). Post-operatively, residual tissues of the even blocks were assessed by histopathologic examination (4 - 6 µm thick serial sectioning permanent H&E slides were performed every 150 µm and one block made 6 slides).

RESULTSBLN assay could be performed within less than 35 min after learning curve of 10 cases. A correlation was found between cycle time values of mammaglobin or cytokeratin-19 and size of metastases, with Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.67 and 0.71, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predict value (PPV) and negative predict value (NPV) of the assay were 95.6%, 93.3%, 96.7%, 93.3% and 96.7%, While FS had the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of 76.7%, 100%, 100%, 89.6%, and TIC of 73.3%, 100%, 100%, 88.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of the assay was higher than that of FS (P = 0.07), and was significantly higher than that of FS (P = 0.04). When assessing patients with micro-metastases, the assay had a sensitivity of 85.7%, which was significantly higher than that of FS and TIC (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONGeneSearch(TM) BLN Assay can replace FS and TIC for the intraoperative assessment of SLN.

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Cytodiagnosis ; Frozen Sections ; methods ; Humans ; Keratin-19 ; analysis ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Diseases ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; methods