Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Ferritins ; blood ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nose Neoplasms ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Prognosis

This study based on twenty 3A grade hospital information system (HIS) database in China, adopt toprescription sequence analysis (PSA) with nested case control study (NCCS) to analysis mainly suspected allergy factor of Shenqi Fuzheng injection (Shenqi Fuzheng). Study design according to start to stop using Shenqi Fuzheng whether using dexamethasone injection will crowd divided into cases group and control group, each case matched 4 controls were selected, two groups according to the ratio of the age and sex matched well. Square test, Fisher exact test, single factor and multiple factor logistic regression were used to analyze data Condition on admission, allergic history, dosage and drug combinations were taken into account in cases of suspected allergic reactions. After analysis in two subgroups we found that the single dose (P = 0.000 2) and the combined use of matrine (P < 0.000 1, OR = 14.312, confidence interval [8.184, 25.029]) had significant effects on the suspected allergic reaction. Study on the existing HIS data and the study method based on screening suspected risk factors for allergic reaction. This study can provide guidance for Shenqi Fuzheng injection safety using in clinical practice, and it can also provides new method for the clinical safety reevaluation of post-marketing Chinese medicine injection.
Case-Control Studies ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male

This study aims to assess if adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to Kudiezi injection are allergic in origin. Hospital information system (HIS) data from 18 hospitals in China were used to carry out a nested case control design study. Included were patients who received dexamethasone for suspected allergic reactions after receiving Kudiezi injection. These were compared with non-allergic reaction people. Single factor logistic regression and multiple factor logistic regression were used to analyze data. Condition on admission, allergic history, dosage, disease status and drug combinations were taken into account in cases of suspected allergic reactions. After analysis in two subgroups we found that the condition on solvents had a significant effect, P values were 0.005 5 and < 0.000 1 on suspected cases of allergic reactions. For the first subgroup analysis, we found using other eight injections at the same time as Kudiezi injection could be risk factors in suspected cases of allergic reactions. For the second subgroup analysis combining using mannitol or fructose could increase risks. Based on this current research, condition on admission as well as the concomitant use of some other drugs may be the risk factors in suspected cases of allergic reactions. However, further research for verification is required. This study can provide guidance for safe clinical practice in using Kudiezi injection.
Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; diagnosis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged

The glutamate dehydrogenase (EC.1.4.1.4) gene which amplified from the genome of Brevibacterium flavum GDK-9 by polymerase chain reaction was linked with pUCm-T for sequence alignment. Analysis of gdh sequences revealed that the whole sequence is 1927 bp, only one ORF existed, which used ATG as the initiation codon and coded a peptide of 448 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 48 kD. The comparability between the cloned gdh sequence to the reported sequence is high to 99.55%. Only the 1190th base mutation (C→A) lead to the change of amino acid sequence (Thr→Asn), the others are not. The recombinant plasmid pXG was then transformed into E. coli XL-Blue and Brevibacterium flavum GDK-9 which was induced by IPTG. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that there was a clear induced protein band with molecular mass of 48.7 kD on expected position. Standard glutamate fermentations indicated that although the level of GDH increases the intracellular glutamate pool, the level of GDH has no influence on glutamate secretion.

OBJECTIVETo develop a transparent, non-toxic, non-irritating anti-fogging agent with long-lasting effect for nasal endoscopy.

METHODSThe anti-fogging agent was prepared by mixing ethanol, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyethylene glycol 400 and deionized water at different proportions based on an orthogonal test design. Twenty-seven test samples of the anti-fogging agents were obtained, which were colorless, transparent, and non-irritating, with a pH value of 7-8. Storz00 nasal endoscopy and its imaging system were used to test the anti-fogging time of the 27 samples, and each agent was tested for 3 times with medical Seoul iodine and 95% ethanol as control.

RESULTSThe optimal composition of the anti-fogging agent was 20% ethanol, 10% propylene glycol, 20% polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 4% polyethylene glycol, 42% deionized water. The anti-fogging time of this agent reached 15 min, significantly longer than that of medical Seoul iodine (4 min) and 95% ethanol (18 s).

CONCLUSIONThis anti-fogging agent for nasal endoscopes is colorless and safe and has a long anti-fogging time by forming a homogenous transparent membrane over the endoscopic lens.

Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Ethanol ; Nose ; surgery ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Solutions ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDRetinal light injury can lead to degeneration of the photoreceptor cell layer. It has been hypothesized that the mechanism for this process is the photochemical damage. Ginkgo balboa extract (Ginkgo biloba extract EGB761) EGB761 is a free radical scavenger. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effect of orally administered EGB761 on retinal light damage of mouse photoreceptor cells.

METHODSKunming mice were randomly chosen for the following groups containing 20 animals in each: control group, light damage group, saline control group, and drug treatment group. The drug treatment group and saline control group were given daily gavage of EGB761 (150 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)) one week before light exposure. At 7, 14, and 30 days after light exposure, animals were sacrificed and eyes were examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and retinal histopathology using in situ detection of apoptotic cells.

RESULTSIn the light damage group after 7 days there was visible edema, and the outer nuclear layer appeared withered with deeply stained dead cells, leaving only a thin nuclear layer of 7 - 8 cells. After 14 days, the photoreceptor cell layer disappeared, leaving only the outer nuclear layer of 1 - 3 cells with an average thickness of (37.988 ± 1.207) µm. The average thickness of the retina was (126.32 ± 2.31) µm. In the drug treatment group, the photoreceptor cell layer and outer nuclear layer damage were significantly lower than the saline group (t = 21.993, P < 0.001), demonstrating that EGB761, especially at 14 days after light exposure, can reduce retinal light damage in mice.

CONCLUSIONOral administration of EGB761 can partially inhibit apoptosis of photoreceptor cells, resulting in increased photoreceptor cell survival.

Animals ; Eye Injuries ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Light ; adverse effects ; Male ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Photoreceptor Cells ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Retina ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure

Objective To evaluate the quality of the portal images acquired by computed radiography(CR)system and conventional screen-film system,respectively.Methods imaging plates (IP)and X-ray films of a home-devised lead phantom with a leakage of 6.45% were acquired,and modulation transfer function(MTF)curves of the both images were measured using edge method.Portal images of 40 nasopharyngeal cancer patients were acquired by IP and screen-film system respectively.Two doctors with similar experience evaluated the damage degree of petrosa] bone,the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of CR images and general images were drawn according to two doctors evaluation results.Results The identification frequency of CR system and screen-film system were 1.159 and 0.806 Lp/mm respectively.For doctor one,the area under ROC curve of CR images and general images were 0.802 and 0.742 respectively.For doctor two,the area under ROC curve of CR images and general images were 0.751 and 0.600 respectively.The MTF curve and ROC curve of CR are both better than those of screen-film system.Conclusion The image quality of CR portal imaging is much better than that of screen-film system.The utility of CR in linear accelerator for portal imaging is promising in clinic.

A GeXP based multiplex PCR assay was developed to simultaneously detect six different chicken respiratory viruses including H5, H7, H9 subtypes of avian influenza virus(AIV), new castle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV). According to the conserved sequences of genes of each pathogen, seven pairs of specific primers were designed, and the reaction conditions were optimized. The specificity and accuracy of GeXP were examined using samples of single and mixed infections of virus. The sensitivity was evaluated by performing the assay on serial 10-fold dilutions of cloned plasmids. To further evaluate the reliability, thirty-four clinical samples were detected by GeXP. The corresponding specific fragments of genes were amplified. The detection limit of GeXP was 10(2) copies/microL when all of 7 pre-mixed plasmids containing target genes of six chicken respiratory viruses were present. In the detection of thirty-four clinical samples, the results of GeXP were accorded with the viral isolation completely. In conclusion, this GeXP assay is a rapid, specific, sensitive and high-throughput method for the detection of chicken respiratory virus infections. It can be applied in rapid differential diagnosis for clinical samples, and also provide an effective tool to prevent and control chicken respiratory diseases with similar clinical symptoms.
Animals ; Chickens ; Influenza A virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Influenza in Birds ; diagnosis ; virology ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Poultry Diseases ; diagnosis ; virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; veterinary ; virology

OBJECTIVEThe B7-H1/PD-1 co-signaling pathway has recently been found to play a pivotal role in the immune evasion of tumor cells from host immune system. The aim of this study was to examine the B7-H1 and PD-1 expression and TILs status in gastric cancer and to elucidate the clinical relevance of B7-H1 and PD-1 to the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry and ANAE histochemical staining were used to investigate the in situ expression of B7-H1 and PD-1 and TILs status in the gastric tissues. RT-PCR was used to explore B7-H1 and PD-1 expression at the transcriptional level. The B7-H1 expression at protein level was detected by Western blot.

RESULTSExpression of B7-H1 and PD-1 was found to be increased in gastric carcinoma, but absent in normal gastric tissue. B7-H1 expression in gastric carcinoma was inversely correlated with TILs infiltration. B7-H1 but not PD-1 expression in tumor tissue was significantly correlated with some clinicopathhological variables including depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.

CONCLUSIONB7-H1 and PD-1 expressions are increased in gastric carcinoma. This signaling pathway may inhibit antitumor immune responses in gastric carcinoma. B7-H1 expression plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of human gastric carcinoma,and might be a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target in the treatment of this disease.

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; genetics ; metabolism ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; B7-H1 Antigen ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; immunology ; pathology

AIMTo study the chemical constituents of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F.

METHODSVarious column chromatographies with silica gel were used for the isolation and purification. The structures of compounds were established on the basis of its IR, MS, UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C COSY and NOESY.

RESULTSFour diterpenoids were isolated: 16-hydroxytriptolide (I), triptolidenol (II), tripdiolide (III), 2-epitripdiolide (IV).

CONCLUSIONCompound IV is a new diterpenoid.

Diterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Tripterygium ; chemistry