Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Femur ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Osteochondroma ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the correlation between the distribution of lesions on MRI and the findings of computerized tomography angiography (CTA) in patients with posterior circulation infarction.Methods Patients with acute posterior circulation infarction were enrolled in the study.The sites of the infarcts were divided into proximal,middle and distal infarctions according to the results of MRI.All the patients received head and neck CTA.The correlation between the distribution of posterior circulation infarcts and the sites of vertebrobasilar system lesions was analyzed.Results A total of 203 patients with acute posterior circulation infarction were enrolled.Their primary clinical symptoms and signs were unilateral limb weakness (n =77,37.93％),dizziness (n =129,63.55％),dysarthria (n =31,15.27％),nausea and vomiting (n =61,30.05％),headache (n =79,38.92％),gait abnormal (n =50,24.63％),nystagmus (n=34,16.75％),and ataxia (n=21,10.34％).Proximal infarction (n=35,17.24％):medullary infarction (n =28,13.79％),posterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction (n =7,3.45％); middle infarction (n =95,46.79％):pontine infarction (n =80,39.4％),anterior inferior cerebellar infarction (n =15,7.39％); distal infarction (n=73,35.96％):middle cerebral infarction (n=6,2.96％),superior cerebellar infarction (n =16,7.88％),thalamic infarction (n =34,(16.75％),occipital lobe infarction (n =10,4.93％),temporal lobe infarction (n =7,3.44％).Extracranial vertebral artery lesions were most common in the distal infarction group.It reached 53.42％,and was significantly higher than 22.86％ in the proximal infarction group (P =0.003) and 33.68％ in the middle infarction group (P =0.010).Intracranlal vertebral artery lesions were most common in the proximal infarction group.It reached 57.14％,and then followed by the middle infarction (41.05％).They were all significantly higher than 15.07％ in the distal infarction group (all P =0.000).Basilar artery lesions were most common in the middle infarction group.It reached 20.00％ and was significantly higher than 4.11％ in the distal infarction group (P=0.002).Posterior cerebral artery lesions were most common in the distal infarction group.It reached 27.40％ and was significantly higher than 5.71％ in the proximal infarction group (P =0.009) and 5.26％ in the middle infarction group (P=0.000).Conclusions The range of vascular lesions of the distribution of lesions shown on MRI and the findings of CTA on vertebrobasilar artery system in patients with posterior circulation infarction had some connection.During the proximal and middle infarctions,the possibility of having intracranial vertebral artery lesions was greater; during the distal infarction,the possibility of having extracranial vertebral artery and posterior cerebral artery lesions was greater.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Virus Diseases ; epidemiology

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma in Situ ; virology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; virology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Microarray Analysis ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; Paraffin Embedding ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; virology

Immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide is a synthetic compound derived by modifying the chemical structure of thalidomide to improve its potency and reduce its side effects. Lenalidomide is a 4-amino-glutamyl analogue of thalidomide that has emerged as a drug with activity against various hematological and solid malignancies. It is approved by FDA in USA for clinical use in myelodysplastic syndromes with deletion of chromosome 5q and multiple myeloma. Studies have shown that lenalidomide exert anti-tumor activity probably by various mechanisms in hematologic malignancies, such as immunomodulation, anti-angiogenesis and effects on signal transduction. In this article, the progresses of study on these problems are reviewed.
Hematologic Neoplasms ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; Thalidomide ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Dust ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Industry ; Inhalation Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Occupational Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Quartz

Objective To establish a specific fluorescence quantitative method for determining the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor3(TLR3)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).Methods Using the Beacon Designer 2.1 software,specific primers and Taqman-MGB probe were designed.The plasmid pMD18-T-TLR3 was constructed as calibrator and the amplified fragment was obtained by reverse- transcript-PCR(RT-PCR).RNA quantification based on cycle threshold values(Ct)was used to establish the standard curve.According to which,the TLR3 mRNA levels in 30 normal individuals,20 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)and 20 ones with chronic liver cirrhosis induced by HBV were calculated automatically by software after the fluorescence of PCR product was detected continuously during amplification.Results The linear detection range of the assay for TLR3 gene and ?-actin was 10~2-10~8(r= -0.9974)and 10~3～10~8(r=-0.9984),respectively.The coefficient of variation of both intra-and inter- assay reproducibility for high concentration sample were 6.7% and 8.7%,respectively,and those for low concentration sample were 12.3% and 14.0%.The TLR3 mRNA expression level ranges from 3.46?10~2- 4.51?10~3 copies/?g RNA,4.92?10~2-1.42?10~4 copies/?g RNA and 2.58?10~2-7.17?10~3 copies/?g RNA for 30 healthy individuals,20 PBC patients and 20 ones with chronic liver cirrhosis induced by HBV, respectively.Conclusion We have successfully set up a FQ-RT-PCR method for detecting TLR3 mRNA, which may be used as an excellent tool for the clinic and basic study on the expression of TLR3 gene.

Objective To investigate the expression of CD133 and CD44 proteins in gastric stromal tumors (GST) and their clinical significances. Methods The expression of CD44 and CD133 proteins in the GST tissues of 112 patients was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The relation between the expression of CD44 and CD133 proteins and the clinicopathological characters was analyzed. The survival and prognosis of GST were also analyzed. Results Both CD44 and CD133 were expressed on the cell membranes. The expression rates of CD44 and CD133 were 58.04 % (65/112) and 42.86 % (48/112) separately; the co-expression rate of CD44 and CD133 was 27.68 % (31/112). CD44 and CD133 were negative in normal peritumoral tissues. No correlation was found between CD44 and CD133 and the clinicopathological parameters including gender, age and lymphatic vessel invasion (all P>0.05), but the expression levels of CD44 and CD133 in patients with the mitotic count ≥ 5/50 high-power field, large diameter and vascular invasion were significantly higher (all P<0.05). No correlation was found between co-expression of CD44 and CD133 and the clinical clinicopathological parameters including gender, age, the mitotic count ≥ 5/50 high-power field and vascular invasion (all P>0.05), but the co-expression level of CD44 and CD133 in patients with tumor diameter ≥5 cm was significantly higher than that in patients with tumor diameter < 5 cm (χ2=5.040, P=0.025). The overall survival rate of the patients with co-expression of CD44 and CD133 was shorter than that in other groups (χ2 = 8.758, P= 0.001). No correlation was found between CD44 and CD133 expression (r=0.126, P=0.210). Multivariate analysis with the Cox regression models showed that the tumor diameter ≥5 cm (P=0.042) and co-expression of CD44 and CD133 (P=0.003) were significantly associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion CD44 and CD133 as robust cancer stem cell markers in GST might be the prognostic factors.

Permeability is a key factor in the bioavailability of oral drugs. Therefore, in the early stage of drug discovery, accurate and efficient evaluation of drug permeability is essential. The parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) with Caco-2 cells model was used by the industry as early evaluation methods. At present, the Ussing chamber rat model is also widely used. This review summarizes the human data for the in vivo single-pass perfusion technique (Loc-I-Gut) – the gold standard, and then focuses on the basic principles, experimental operation, and efficiency of the three in vitro methods, with correlation to the effective permeability coefficient (P_eff) and fractional absorbed (Fa) in man. We provide recommendations for the use of proper permeability methods at different stages in drug discovery and development.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the growth and development of very low birth weight (VLBW)/extremely low birth weight (ELBW) preterm infants within the corrected age of 6 months and the effect of different feeding patterns on growth and development.

METHODSA total of 109 VLBW/ELBW preterm infants who were discharged from January 2016 to April 2017 and who had completed regular follow-up were enrolled, and their growth and development within the corrected age of 6 months were monitored. The Z-score method was used to evaluate physical indices and analyze the effect of different feeding patterns (breastfeeding group: breast milk + human milk fortifier; mixed feeding group: breast milk + preterm formula milk; artificial feeding: preterm formula milk) on growth and development.

RESULTSThe peaks of weight-for-age Z-score, height-for-age Z-score, weight-for-height Z-score, and BMI-for-age Z-score occurred within the corrected age of 3 months, and the peak of head circumference-for-age Z-score occurred at the corrected age of 5 months. Growth deviation of the infants often occurred within the corrected age of 1-3 months. At the corrected age of 3 months, the breastfeeding group had significantly better body weight, height and head circumference growth than the mixed feeding group and/or the artificial feeding group (P<0.05). At the corrected age of 6 months, the breastfeeding group had significantly better head circumference and body length growth than the mixed feeding group and/or the artificial feeding group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGrowth deviation of VLBW/ELBW preterm infants often occurs within the corrected age of 1-3 months, suggesting that early individualized follow-up and nutritional guidance should be strengthened to reduce growth deviation. Maternal breastfeeding with the addition of human milk fortifier is the best feeding pattern for VLBW/ELBW preterm infants.

Body Height ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Male