Abstract: Objective　To analyze the whole genome characteristic of influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus outbreak in a school in Jining, so as to serve as a reference for prevention and control of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09．Methods　Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detected the 12 nasopharyngeal swab specimens from patients. The positive specimens were cultured and sequenced the whole genome. DNASTAR was used to analyze the homology. MEGA was used to construct the phylogenetic tree. NetNGly, GPS-SUMO, NetPhos were used to predict the glycosylation sites, the small ubiquitin-like modifier sites and the phosphorylation sites respectively. Results　Among of 12 specimens, 4 specimens were showed positive for influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus nucleic acid, and 4 virus strains were isolated. Compared to the vaccine strain A/Brisbane/02/2018, the homology of nucleic acids of 8 gene segments was 98.5%-99.8%. The homology of amino acids of 10 proteins was 98.2%-100%. In the evolutionary tree analysis, four strains were located in two evolutionary clusters, three strains in the same evolutionary cluster and one strain in a different evolutionary cluster. A total of 50 amino acid site substitutions occurred in the 10 proteins encoded by the four strains, including two amino acid sites in the hemagglutinin antigen epitope, and there was no mutation in the neuraminidase (NA) protease active site, polymerase acidic protein (PA), polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) and polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) inhibitor resistance sites, and neuraminidase inhibitor resistance sites. In addition, the glycosylation sites and SUMO sites were not mutated, while multiple phosphorylation sites were substituted. Conclusions　There are 2 different sources of influenza A (H1N1) virus causing the school influenza outbreak. School influenza outbreak surveillance and school influenza prevention and control should be strengthened should be enhanced.

Educational informationization is the focus of education and teaching reform. World University Town provided a very good platform for information and network teaching. This paper, taking the community rehabilitation course as an example, introduced the function ofWorld University Town in course construction and described the concepts, ideas, procedures and application effect.

SW872 preadipocytes were cultured and induced to differentiate by oleic acid in vitro.The levels of adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) mRNA were measured by semiquantitative RT- PCR.The concentration of adiponectin in the culture medium was assayed by ELISA.The results showed that rhIL- 6 could inhibit adiponectin,AdipoR1 mRNA expressions and adiponectin secretion in SW872 adipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner,but did not influence adipoR2 mRNA expression.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of the Rich Selenium-Banqiao-Codonopsis Pilosula (BCPA) injecta on the aged rats' immune functions and its underlying mechanism.

METHODSTotally 60 rats, composed of 2, 12 and 22 month age old (half male and half female), were served as a young group, middle-age group and aged group respectively. Each group rats were randomly divided into the control and the BCPA subgroup (n = 10). The BCPA group was injected with BCPA at 7.2 g/kg intraperitoneally every day and the control group was injected the same volume of normal saline. All rats were conventionally fed for 45 days. An immune injection was performed after 15 days of BCPA injection. On the 22nd day, late-onset immune response would be induced. The caudal vein blood was collected and the antigen specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody was detected on the 15th, 30th and 45th day. On the 45th day, the major T cell subgroups of splenic cells were analyzed and splenic cells were proliferated.

RESULTSNo significant difference in the delayed-type hypersensivity (DTH) reaction was found between the control and the BCPA subgroups in the young and middle-aged rats while the aged BCPA subgroup had a stronger DTH reaction. There was no significant difference in the blood content of specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody between the young and middle-age BCPA group while the aged BCPA group rats had an obvious enhancing reaction to the three antibodies mentioned above (P < 0.05). There was no obvious difference in the number of the CD3+ lymphocytes and the CD4+ T helper lymphocytes between the control and the BCPA subgroup in the young aged rats while a significant increase was spotted between the middle-aged and the aged group (P < 0.05). The splenic cells from young BCPA group rats had a strong proliferation response (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBCPA can enhance DTH reaction, potentiate the production of specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody to resist KLH, improve the reaction to antigen, increase the amount of CD4+ cell, promote the immune response and had an important role in anti-immunosenescence and antioxidant capacity improvement in the aged rats.

Aging ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Immune System ; drug effects ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male ; Rats ; Selenium ; pharmacology ; Spleen ; immunology

Arsenites ; toxicity ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; cytology ; Skin ; cytology ; Sodium Compounds ; toxicity

Skin sensitization (allergic contact dermatitis, ACD), is a serious condition caused by small reactive molecules and is characterized by a delayed-type hypersensitivity .Animal tests were usually used in the evaluation of sensitizing potential of chemical substances in the past .However , there is an increasing interest from the public for reducing and ultimately replacing animal tests .The European Union (EU) has posed a ban on animal testing of cosmetic ingredients that includes skin sensitization since 2013.Therefore, alternative in vitro tests are the main tendency in chemical substances and cosmetic sensitizing potential research in the future .In this study, different kinds of in vitro test methods that were adopted by OECD or on research (LLNA, DPRA, KeratinoSens TM, h-CLAT) were reviewed through recent years literature , comprehensive introduction and evaluation were made to obtain reliable hazard and potency information on potential skin sensitizers .

Objective To assess the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog on glucose and lipid metabolism in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP).Methods A total of 26 girls (aged 6-8 years,breast stage B2) with ICPP were followed up in Department of Endocrinology,Shenzhen Children's Hospital from Jan.2008 to Jun.2011.Those girls received triptorelin therapy for 12 months.Before and the end of the 6th month,the 12th month of the treatment,body mass index(BMI) was calculated,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting plasma insulin(FPI),total cholesterol,triacylglycerols,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,apolipoprotein A,apolipoprotein B and estradiol(E2) were measured.Insulin sensitivity was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR).Twenty age-matched prepuberty girls were set as controls.Results 1.Before treatment,BMI,FPG,FPI and HOMA-IR in ICPP girls had no significant difference compared with the controls.2.After 6 months treatment of triptrolin,serum E2 concentration in ICPP girls declined from(30.5 ± 9.8) ng/L at the beginning of treatment to (11.2 ± 4.6) ng/L at the end of 6th month (P ＜ 0.01) ; The end of 12 th month of the treatment,FPG and FPI had no significant difference compared with that before of the treatment,but BMI increased from(16.46 ± 1.10) kg/m2 to(18.35 ± 1.30) kg/m2,the difference was significant(P ＜0.05),HOMA-IR increased from 1.24 ±0.30 to 2.08 ±0.40,the difference was significant(P ＜0.05).3.Lipid metabolism parameters remained unchangeable after 12 months of triptrolin treatment.Conclusion Triptorelin may lead to raise of BMI and HOMA-IR in girls with ICPP at 12 months after treatment.

Objective To evaluate the value of 3.0T susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SWI) in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular malformations. Methods Forty-six patients with cerebrovascular malformations, admitted to our hospital fiom May 2008 to December 2010, were examined with a 3.0T MR scanner. All patients were examined with MRI conventional sequences T1WI,T2WI, 3DTOF, and their results were compared with SWI sequence so as to evaluate the value of SWI in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular malformations.Results Twenty-five patients had arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 10 with cavernous hemangioma, 8 with venous malformations, and 3 with telangiectasis in the 46 patients with cerebrovascular malformations. SWI could delineate all the cerebrovascular malformation lesions, especially small lesions, but could not display all supplying artery in AVM. 3DTOF was a better technique in delineating large AVM lesions. Conclusion SWI is much more sensitive in showing small cerebrovascular malformations; and combined with other MR sequences,clear diagnosis of cerebral vascular malformations can be made by SWI.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of guinea pig heart electrophysiological properties caused by increasing left ventricular preload, and to assess the effects of tetradrine on these changes.

METHODWorking model preparation of guinea pig hearts in vitro was used, and the preload of left ventricle was increased by adjusting the prefusion pressure of left atria. The changes of heart electrophysiologic parameters including monophasic action potential duration (MAPD90), monophasic action potential amplitude (MAPA), effective refractory period (ERP) and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were observed before and after altering the preload of left ventricle, and compared in the absence and presence of tetradrine, streptomycin or verapamil.

RESULTThe rising of left ventricular preload led to shortening of MAPD90, ERP, and to descent of MAPA, VFT (all P<0.01). Both Tetradrine and streptomycin inhibited these changes of heart electrophysiologic parameters caused by elevation of left ventricular afterload (all P<0.01). In contrast, verapamil had no effects on the preload-related electrophysiological changes (all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONElectrophysiologic changes caused by increasing left ventricular preload may be inhibited by tetrandrine, through inhibition of stretch-activated ion channels.

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Benzylisoquinolines ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart ; physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Refractory Period, Electrophysiological ; drug effects ; Stephania tetrandra ; chemistry ; Streptomycin ; pharmacology ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects ; Verapamil ; pharmacology

BACKGROUNDMany kinds of approaches have been used for minimally invasive surgery of total hip arthroplasty (MIS-THA). However, until now when considering the balance of efficacy and associated surgical injury there is no approach widely accepted for MIS-THA. In this study, a modified anterolateral muscle sparing approach was developed to optimize MIS-THA.

METHODSTwenty adult cadaver specimens (40 hips) were used for anatomic research. The distance from anterior origin of the gluteus medius on the iliac crest to the anterior superior iliac spine was measured; the course of the superior gluteal nerve and the distances from the nerve to the regional anatomic landmarks were recorded. Simulated surgeries were performed in three fresh cadaver specimens to evaluate the soft tissues injury around incisions. From October 2004 to June 2006, 57 patients (57 hips) were treated with anterolateral muscle sparing minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty, of which 17 were femoral neck fractures, 9 osteoarthritis, 16 developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) and 15 avascular necrosis (AVN). All the operations were performed by the same senior surgeon. Operation time, blood loss and drainage volume were recorded and the correlation between the local complications and the native anatomical characteristics was especially noted. All cases were followed for at least 12 months.

RESULTSThe distance from the anterior origin of the gluteus medius to anterior superior iliac spine along the iliac crest was (61+/-4) mm (range, 55-68 mm), and the distance from inferior branch of the superior gluteal nerve to the anterior tubercle of the greater trochanter was (74+/-6) mm (range, 60-88 mm). In simulated surgeries, excessive distraction of tissue was found to be the main cause of the anterior border injury of the gluteus medius muscle. Of the 57 patients treated with anterolateral muscle sparing MIS-THA, the average incision length was 9 cm (range 7.5-13 cm). Blood transfusions were performed in 11 patients. During the operations, anterior border injury in deep layers of the gluteus medius was found in 9 patients. Posteromedial perforation of the prosthesis stem on the femoral side was found in 2 patients, which were revised immediately. No positive Trenderlenburg sign was found during the 12 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSThe incision of the anterolateral muscle sparing approach should be directed from the anterior tubercle of the greater trochanter toward 6 cm posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine. The proximal part of the incision should be within 6 cm from the anterior tubercle of the greater trochanter, and it is safe to be extended distally. The anterolateral muscle sparing approach is a minimally invasive approach for total hip arthroplasty, through which the surgeon can operate on the acetabulum and femoral sides in a single incision without muscle detachment, and fluoroscopy assistance is not needed. The surgeon should pay more attention to protecting the gluteus medius from injury by distraction before femoral neck cutting and during the preparation of the femoral side.

Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Autopsy ; Female ; Hip ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Muscle, Skeletal ; surgery