The changes of kernel nutritive components and seed vigor in F1 seeds of sh2 sweet corn during seed development stage were investigated and the relationships between them were analyzed by time series regression (TSR) analysis. The results show that total soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents gradually declined, while starch and soluble protein contents increased throughout the seed development stages. Germination percentage, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index gradually increased along with seed development and reached the highest levels at 38 d after pollination (DAP). The TSR showed that, during 14 to 42 DAP, total soluble sugar content was independent of the vigor parameters determined in present experiment, while the reducing sugar content had a significant effect on seed vigor. TSR equations between seed reducing sugar and seed vigor were also developed. There were negative correlations between the seed reducing sugar content and the germination percentage, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index, respectively. It is suggested that the seed germination, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index could be predicted by the content of reducing sugar in sweet corn seeds during seed development stages.
Carbohydrates ; analysis ; Germination ; Seeds ; growth & development ; Zea mays ; chemistry ; growth & development

AIMTo study the sensitizing effect of acemetacin (ACE) on the weak chemiluminescent (CL) reaction of KMnO4 with sulfite and establish a fast and convenient method for CL detection of ACE.

METHODSUsing the sensitizing effect of ACE on KMnO4-Na2SO3 system and flow injection technique to determine the concentration of ACE.

RESULTSUnder optimal conditions, the CL intensity of 1.0 x 10(-2) mol x L(-1) H3PO4 - 5.0 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) KMnO4 - 4.0 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) Na2SO3 was proportional to the concentration of ACE ranging from 1.0 x 10(-7) to 1.0 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1). The detection limit of ACE was 6.9 x 10(-8) mol x L(-1) at 3sigma. Satisfactory results were obtained for determination of ACE at 2.5 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe present method showed good precision, high sensitivity and selectivity and could be used for fast and convenient detection of ACE. It would be of significance to the clinical and pharmacological study of acemetacin.

Flow Injection Analysis ; methods ; Indomethacin ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Luminescent Measurements ; methods ; Potassium Permanganate ; chemistry ; Sulfites ; chemistry

To study the effect of Siwu decoction on the function and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cells. The Real-time quantitative poly-merase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA expression of MDR1 gene in Caco-2 cells. Flow cytometer was used to study the effect of Siwu decoction on the uptake of Rhodamine 123 in Caco-2 cells, in order to evaluate the efflux function of P-gp. Western blotting method was used to detect the effect of Siwu decoction on the P-gp protein expression of Caco-2 cells. Compared with the blank control group, after Caco-2 incubation with Siwu decoction at concentrations of 3.3, 5.0, 10.0 g x L(-1) for 24, 48, 72 h, the mRNA expression of MDR1 was up-regulated, suggesting the effect of Siwu decoction in inducing the expression of MDR1. After the administration with Siwu decoction in Caco-2 cells for 48 h, the uptake of Rhodamine 123 in Caco-2 cells decreased by respectively 16.6%, 22.1% (P < 0.05) and 45.4% (P < 0.01), indicating that the long-term administration of Siwu decoction can enhance the P-gp efflux function of Caco-2 cells. After the incubation of Caco-2 cells with Siwu decoction for 48 h, the P-gp protein expression on Caco-2 cell emebranes, demonstrating the effect of Siwu decoction in inducing the protein expression of P-gp.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; genetics ; metabolism ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Caco-2 Cells ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects

To analyze the relation of early immune reconstitution with acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (all-HSCT), the changes of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD25(+) and CD69(+) cells in peripheral blood from 26 patients with hematologic malignancies were assayed by flow cytometry within 2 months after allo-HSCT. All patients achieved hematopoietic reconstitution, and grade I and II - IV GVHD were developed in 9 and 5 patients, respectively. CD25(+) cells were increased in patients aGVHD at week 2 after transplantation and the peak value was appeared at week 3. The increase of CD25(+) cells was preceded the occurence of clinical signs of aGVHD. The maximal levels of CD25(+) cells increase correlated significantly with the severity of aGVHD. The increase of CD25(+) cells was declined along with remission of aGVHD signs. Our results suggest that analyzing immune reconstitution after allo-HSCT could predict occurence of aGVHD, and CD25(+) cell increase prior occurence of aGVHD is predictive marker for aGVHD.

A photochromic sensing platform composing of emeraldine salt of polyaniline ( ES-PANI ) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles ( TiO2 NPs) for visual detection of trace copper was developed. Under ultraviolet light irradiation, the greenish ES-PANI could be oxidized to dark blue pernigraniline salt by the photogenerated hole of excited TiO2 NPs. In the presence of Cu2+, a light yellow leucoemeraldine salt was visually observed. The overall mechanism of color change was verified to be corresponding to the different redox states of PANI regulated by Cu species during the photochromic process. By integrating the advantages of both photoelectric property and visual detection, the redox reaction-based sensing mechanism led to a good sensitivity and high selectivity in the detection of Cu2+ with the detection limit of 0. 4 μmol/L. Besides the naked eye, two color recognition methods including reading mean green intensities in Photoshop and recording ultraviolet absorbance in microplate reader were also studied. This method was successfully applied to Cu2+ detection in human hair with satisfactory recoveries. More significantly, this sensing platform was really simple, low-cost and able to detect an array of analytes within several minutes without requiring sophisticated equipment. This photoelectron-regulated colorimetric strategy provided a novel concept for the design of visual sensing platform, and could develop the portable test kits for rapid detection in clinical diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of medium and long-chain triglyceride on the immune function of burn patients during early postburn stage and its possible mechanism.

METHODSThirty burn patients with TBSA exceeding 30% were enrolled in this study and were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15 in each group). The patients in F group were supplemented orally with enteral nutrient Fresubin 750MCT containing medium (MCT) and long-chain triglyceride (LCT), and those in N group with Nutrition containing only LCT. All the patients were treated with nutritional support beginning from 24 PBH, continued for 10 days. The changes in plasma levels of IL-2, IL-4, PGE(2) and T lymphocyte transformation rate (LTR) in peripheral blood of patients in the two groups were determined on 1, 4, 7 and 10 postburn days (PBDs).

RESULTSThe plasma IL-2 level in all time points exhibited no difference in all patients (P > 0.05). The plasma level of PGE(2) on PBD 4 in F group was obviously lower than that in N group (P < 0.01). The plasma level of IL-4 on PBDs 4, 7 and 10 in F group were evidently higher than that in N group (P < 0.01). The T LTR in peripheral blood on PBDs 4 and 7 in F group was much higher than that in N group (P < 0.05 - 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEnteral nutrient containing MCT/LCT seemed to be superior to that containing only LCT in the improvement of postburn immune function in burn patients.

Adult ; Burns ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Dietary Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Dinoprostone ; blood ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Time Factors ; Triglycerides ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUNDAzithromycin can reduce neutrophil accumulation in neutrophilic pulmonary diseases. However, the precise mechanism behind this action remains unknown. Our experiment assessed whether azithromycin inhibits neutrophil accumulation in the airways by affecting interleukin-17 (IL-17) downstream signals.

METHODSMice were pretreated with azithromycin before murine IL-17A (mIL-17) stimulation. After the mIL-17 stimulation, the levels of six neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid; IL-6, CXC chemokine ligand-1 (CXCL-1), CXCL-5, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The number of neutrophils in BAL fluid were evaluated by cytospin preparations.

RESULTS(1) Azithromycin pretreatment significantly inhibited both the release of three neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines (MIP-2, CXCL-5 and GM-CSF) and the accumulation of neutrophils in airways caused by mIL-17 stimulation. (2) The levels of three neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines (IL-6, MIP-2 and GM-CSF) were positively correlated with the numbers of neutrophil in BAL fluid.

CONCLUSIONSAzithromycin can inhibit neutrophil accumulation in the airways by affecting IL-17 downstream signals. This finding suggests that macrolide antibiotic application might be useful in prevention of neutrophilic pulmonary diseases characterized by high levels of IL-17.

Animals ; Azithromycin ; pharmacology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Chemokine CXCL2 ; metabolism ; Chemokines, CXC ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; metabolism ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; metabolism ; Interleukin-17 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neutrophils ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects and anti-depression mechanisms of Kaixin Jieyu Decoction (, KJD).

METHODSThe rat vascular depression (VD) model was established by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (LBCCA) combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, VD model, VD + high-dose KJD [15.4 g/(kg·d) of crude drug], VD + medium-dose KJD [7.7 g/(kg·d) of crude drug], and VD + fluoxetine [2.4 mg/(kg·d)] groups (n=8 in each group), and the treatments lasted for 21 days. Changes of behavior and hippocampus pathology were observed. The level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein and mRNA in hippocampus was detected respectively by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSCompared with the sham group, rats in model group showed a variety of behavioral obstacles, including a significant reduction in sucrose consumption percentage, horizontal and vertical activity scores in open-field tests (P<0.05 or P<0.01), pathological damage like neuronal degeneration, necrosis, and a significant decrease of GFAP protein and mRNA in hippocampus (P<0.01); compared with the model group, rats in the high-dose KJD group, medium-dose KJD group and fluoxetine group obtained notable higher behavioral scores, and pathological injury lessened in hippocampus with a increased expression of GFAP protein and mRNA P<0.05 or P<0.01); compared with the medium-dose KJD group and fluoxetine group, GFAP mRNA in high-dose KJD group expressed higer (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONLBCCA combined with CUMS may cause depression-like behavioral changes resulting in the VD model of rats whose depression state can be ameliorated by KJD, and the mechanism of cerebral protection is related possibly with promoting expression of GFAP in hippocampus.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Depression ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats, Wistar ; Transition Temperature

Metabolic engineering has become a powerful tool for optimization of industrial fermentation processes. Metabolic engineering usually undergoes three steps: construction of a recombinant strain with improved properties, genetic and biochemical analysis of the strain, and identification of target for further improvement. Metabolic fluxes analysis is an important part of the biochemical analysis. Based on the law of mass conservation and assuming pseudo-steady-state for the intermediates in the metabolic pathways, we have quantitatively analyzed the time course of the flux distribution in Bacillus subtilis and used the data to reveal the nature of the so-called "40 hour" phenomenon in fermentation of guanosine, a key raw material for the synthesis of additives for human consumption and animal feeds. The phenomenon refers to the observation that guanosine production, which proceeds at high rate from 12 hour on, declines around 40 hour while consumption of glucose keeps increasing, leading to the lower yield of the nucleoside. Equations based upon the metabolic network of Bacillus subtilis consisted of EMP pathway, HMP pathway, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation pathway and others reactions of the intermediates, was constructed. The equations were solved by using the quantitative data obtained in this study. The air flow and volume, concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the exit-gas were monitored online; the concentration of biomass, glucose and guanosine was analyzed manually; and the concentration of acetate, citric acid, pyruvate, and 17 amino acids were HPLC quantified. The solutions of the equation were proved to be valid, as the experimental data on oxygen consumption agrees with that of predicted form the equation. The results indicated that at 40h of the fermentation process the flux of HMP pathway, which provides the precursor of the nucleoside, decreased while that of EMP pathway and the pathways that generate amino acids and organic acids increased. The shift correlated with the accumulation of NH4+ in the broth. The assimilation of NH4+ is an energy consuming process and could shift the metabolism to the energy generating EMP pathway. Accordingly, measures were taken to prevent the accumulation of NH4+. The interference indeed stopped the metabolism shift and boosted the guanosine production at 30 g/L, 70% higher than the level reported in literature.
Bacillus subtilis ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; physiology ; Guanosine ; metabolism ; Models, Theoretical ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo discuss the causes, sites, management strategies and curative effects of accidental facial nerve paralysis in the middle ear surgery.

METHODSForty two cases with peripheral facial nerve paralysis following middle ear surgery who underwent surgical exploration and reanimation were analyzed. Facial nerve decompression, primary end-to-end anastomosis, interpositional nerve grafts with the great auricular nerve and nerve substitution of facial-hypoglossal anastomosis were applied to restoration of the facial nerve function. The facial nerve function was graded according to House-Brackmann (HB) Grade.

RESULTSThe most common operation complicating iatrogenic facial nerve injury was mastoidectomy, and the common sites of the injured facial nerve were the tympanic segment and pyramid segment. The facial nerve exploration showed facial nerve edema in nine cases (21.4%), injury of the facial nerve sheath was observed in 10 cases (23.8%), partial nerve fibers transection was found in four cases (9.5%), total nerve fibers transection was detected in 17 cases (40.5%) and two cases (4.8%) with facial nerve anatomical integrity. Facial nerve re-animation methods include facial nerve decompression in 24 cases (57.1%), end-to-end anastomosis in two cases (4.8%), end-to-end anastomosis after nerve transfer in two cases (4.8%), interpositional nerve grafts with the great auricular nerve in 10 cases (23.8%) and facial-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis in four cases (9.5%). The facial nerve function was graded according to House-Brackmann Grade before and after surgery. Twenty eight patients were followed up more than one year. For the 17 cases who received facial nerve decompression, four cases recovered to House-Brackmann Grade I, 11 cases recovered to House-Brackmann Grade II, two cases recovered to House-Brackmann Grade III. For the five cases who underwent the great auricular nerve grafting, three cases recovered to House-Brackmann Grade II, two cases recovered to House-Brackmann Grade III. For the four cases who received facial-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis recovered to House-Brackmann Grade III. For the two cases who underwent the end-to-end anastomosis recovered to House-Brackmann Grade II.

CONCLUSIONSThe tympanic segment and pyramid segment are more vulnerable to be injured during mastoid surgery. The injured facial nerve should be explored and repaired. The methods include facial nerve decompression, end-to-end anastomosis, end-to-end anastomosis after nerve transfer, interpositional nerve grafts with the great auricular nerve and facial-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ear ; surgery ; Ear, Middle ; surgery ; Facial Nerve Injuries ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Intraoperative Complications ; Male ; Mastoid ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Otologic Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult