RAPD molecular marker was widely applied to the studies of edible fungi due to it’s simplicity , rapidity and economy. The principle of RAPD molecular marker and its applications to edible fungi were summarized. The applications of RAPD to edible fungi were introduced in species and parental strain identification,genetic diversity, gene clone, gene isolation and the construction of gene linkage map. RAPD molecular marker provids a powerful tool for the studies of edible fungi.

italic>Alangium chinense is a commonly used medicinal plant of Alangiaceae Alangium, one of the characteristic Miao medicines in Guizhou. The genus is strongly differentiated and has complex morphological variation, with significant differences in active ingredients and potency among herbs. In this paper, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of Alangium chinense subsp. Pauciflorum, Alangium chinense subsp. Strigosum and Alangium kurzii Craib using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The genomes of Alangium chinense subsp. Pauciflorum, Alangium chinense subsp. Strigosum and Alangium kurzii Craib chloroplasts were sequenced, their assembly annotation and structural characterization were completed, and the genomes of the congeners Alangium chinense and Alangium alpinum were downloaded from NCBI for comparative analysis. Finally, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by selecting published species with close affinity to Alangium chinense family from NCBI. The results were as follows: Alangium chinense subsp. Pauciflorum, Alangium chinense subsp. Strigosum and Alangium kurzii Craib chloroplast genomes were 156 670, 156 672 and 156 871 bp in length, with a typical four-segment structure, all containing one long single copy region (LSC), one short single copy region (SSC) and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb). All of them were annotated to 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Three types of long repeat sequences and SSR loci, forward repeats, palindrome repeats and reverse repeats, were found in all chloroplast genomes. Comparative genomic analysis showed that there was diversity in the boundary transition regions of the five species, no rearrangements or inversions were found in the chloroplast genome, and there were significant differences in the coding regions of ndhA, ycf1, rpl16, ycf2, and petD genes, which provided new loci for molecular identification of Patagonia. In the phylogenetic analysis, Alangium kurzii var. kurzii clustered as a single species, and Alangium chinense subsp. Pauciflorum and Alangium chinense subsp. Strigosum clustered as a single species, with a support rate of 93 and close affinity, indicating that the phylogenetic tree can be used for the species identification. This paper can provide a basis for the taxonomic identification of Alangium, ensure the safety of clinical use of anise herbs and regulate the market of Alangium chinense herbs.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiologic features of disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) in Hubei province.

METHODSBone marrow smears of 12 patients diagnosed as Kala-azer in Hubei province including 4 patients in Jingsan, 2 patients in Shashi and each 1 in Yichang, Jinmen, Zhongxiang, Luotian, Xianning and Guanghua respectively were re-examed under microscope. Peripheral blood and bone marrow smears of several patients were detected. After inoculated the bone marrow, peripheral blood, liver and spleen tissue of patients in MLI, the single colony was trans-inoculated in BHIB, SDA and CMA and incubated at 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C. Bone marrow, peripheral blood and bacterial fluid of yeast-phase Histoplasma capsulatum (H.cap) were injected into the abdominal cavity of Kunming mice and nude mice. When symptoms and signs developed, the spleen tissue was separated, then observed under microscope and cultured. Mycelium-phase and Yeast-phase H.cap were inoculated in urase and gelatin medium, then incubated at 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C. Histoplasmin was injected subcutaneously into patients, and then followed for 48 - 72 hours. Amphotericin B was selected to treat the PDH patients.

RESULTSMoriform cell cluster and sausage-shaped cell were not observed in mononuclear-macrophages in the bone marrow smears from 12 patients. Leishman-Donovan body was found only in one patient. There wasn't kinetoplast in the cellular plasm of spores in 11 patients and no transeptae was found. The reaction of H.cap to urease was positive and H.cap did not liquefy the gelatin. It appeared to be mycelium-phase at 25 degrees C but no penicillus and catenulate conidia was found. The characteristic denticle macroconidia was observed but produced red coloring matter. It also appeared to be yeast-phase at 35 degrees C. Yeast-phase spores were observed under microscope. No sausage-shaped spore and transeptae were identified. H.cap could be acquired in the spleen tissue in Kunming mice and nude mice. Bacterium forms, characteristics under microscope and biochemical reaction of mycelium-phase and yeast-phase H.cap were different from some other kinds of dimorphic fungi such as Penicillium marneffei and Histoplasm duboisii etc.

CONCLUSIONThere were scattered epidemics of PDH in Hubei province. The detection rate of PDH was higher in the southeast area then in the northwest area. The golden standards of clinic diagnosis were mycological culture and inoculation to animals. Amphotericin B was necommended as the first choice for treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Amphotericin B ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antifungal Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Histoplasma ; isolation & purification ; Histoplasmin ; immunology ; Histoplasmosis ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Middle Aged ; Skin Tests

OBJECTIVETo investigate the management and prognosis of thyroid well-differentiated carcinoma invading the upper aerodigestive tract.

METHODSA retrospective analysis of the management was performed done 62 patients with thyroid well-differentiated carcinoma invading the upper aerodigestive tract. The main method of surgery was shaving excision, and the other means including partial thyrochondrectomy, total laryngectomy, sleeve tracheal resection, sternocleidomastoid myoperiosteal flap and myodermal flap reconstruction, or simply palliative excision. Some patients received postoperative radioactive isotope therapy and radiotherapy. All patients were followed-up for 2 to 15 years with an average of 6.5 years.

RESULTSThe best curative effect was proved in the patients with local invasion, with the lumen uninvolved and their locoregional control rate was 100.0% (17/17). And the second choice was in patients with more extensive involvement of the upper aerodigestive tract structures. For them, extensive surgical management was done attempting to remove all gross disease followed by reconstruction, their locoregional control rate was 87.5% (7/8). And the third place was designated to patients with local invasion for which shaving excision was performed even though minor residual disease was left, their locoregional control rate was 55.6% (5/9). The poorest result went to simple palliative excision. For 17 patients with minor residual tumor, the locoregional control rate of those who were given postoperative radioactive isotope therapy was significantly higher than those without.

CONCLUSIONAccording to the limits and degree of invasion in the upper aerodigestive tract by thyroid well-differentiated carcinoma, different ways of surgery is indicated. For patients with residual disease, radioactive isotope therapy should be used to improve the result and life quality. Advanced lesions should be given postoperative radio therapy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Digestive System ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Respiratory System ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate a new reliable surgical technique for correction the congenital cupped ear.

METHODSWith 96 patients, a stainless steel wire was introduced to suspend auricular cartilage on the pericranium after the cupped ear was corrected. The follow-ups were carried out after the operation.

RESULTSUp to 3 years follow-ups with 52 cases, the results were satisfactory and durable.

CONCLUSIONSThe above mentioned technique could be a reliable way to correct mild and moderate cupped ear abnormalities.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Ear ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Orthodontic Wires ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Steel ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo introduce a new technique for the treatment of helical keloid.

METHODSThe procedure consisted of two steps. In the first step, a kidney-shaped expander of 50 ml was placed subcutaneously in the retroauricular area. Routine inflation with normal saline followed. In the second step, about two months afterwards, the expander was taken out and the helical keloid was excised. The expanded flap was advanced to cover the wound.

RESULTSThe operation has been performed on 12 patients of 16 sites of helical keloid since 2000. Postoperative follow-up from 3 months to 2 years revealed satisfactory results. The reconstructed ear maintained a good contour.

CONCLUSIONThe technique creates a retroauricular flap rich in blood supply, which can be used to close the defect left by helical keloid excision. It provides a good treatment for the helical keloid replaced with normal skin from the mastoid region.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Ear ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Keloid ; surgery ; Male ; Surgery, Plastic ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Few studies investigated serum uric acid levels in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The study was to assess the clinical value of serum uric acid levels in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: Totally 502 consecutive patients with STEMI were retrospectively studied from January 2005 to December 2010. The level of serum lipid, echocardiographic data and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with hyperuricemia (n=119) were compared with those in patients without hyperuricemia (n=383). The relationship between the level of serum uric acid and the degree of diseased coronary artery was analyzed. All data were analyzed with SPSS version 17.0 software for Student's t test, the Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. RESULTS: Serum uric acid level was positively correlated with serum triglyceride level. Hyperlipidemia was more common in hyperuricemia patients than in non-hyperuricemia patients (43.7％ vs. 33.7％, P=0.047), and serum triglyceride level was significantly higher in hyperuricemia patients (2.11±1.24 vs. 1.78±1.38, P=0.014). But no significant association was observed between serum uric acid level and one or more diseased vessels (P>0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd) was larger in hyperuricemia patients than in non-hyperuricemia patients (53.52±6.19 vs. 52.18±4.89, P=0.041). The higher rate of left systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction was discovered in hyperuricemia patients (36.4％ vs. 15.1％, P<0.001; 68.2％ vs. 55.8％, P=0.023). Also, hyperuricemia patients were more likely to have in-hospital MACE (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Serum uric acid level is positively correlated with serum triglyceride level, but not with the severity of coronary artery disease. Hyperuricemia patients with STEMI tend to have a higher rate of left systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction and more likely to have more in-hospital MACE.

Rational nutritional support shall be based on nutritional screening and nutritional assessment.This study is aimed to explore nutritional risk screening and its influencing factors of hospitalized patients in central urban area.It is helpful for the early detection of problems in nutritional supports,nutrition management and the implementation of intervention measures,which will contribute a lot to improving the patient's poor clinical outcome.A total of three tertiary medical institutions were enrolled in this study.From October 2015 to June 2016,1202 hospitalized patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled in Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) for nutritional risk screening,including 8 cases who refused to participate,5 cases of same-day surgery and 5 cases of coma.A single-factor chi-square test was performed on 312 patients with nutritional risk and 872 hospitalized patients without nutritional risk.Logistic regression analysis was performed with univariate analysis (P＜0.05),to investigate the incidence of nutritional risk and influencing factors.The incidence of nutritional risk was 26.35％ in the inpatients,25.90％ in male and 26.84％ in female,respectively.The single-factor analysis showed that the age ≥60,sleeping disorder,fasting,intraoperative bleeding,the surgery in recent month,digestive diseases,metabolic diseases and endocrine system diseases had significant effects on nutritional risk (P＜0.05).Having considered the above-mentioned factors as independent variables and nutritional risk (Y=1,N=0)as dependent variable,logistic regression analysis revealed that the age ≥60,fasting,sleeping disorders,the surgery in recent month and digestive diseases are hazardous factors for nutritional risk.Nutritional risk exists in hospitalized patients in central urban areas.Nutritional risk screening should be conducted for inpatients.Nutritional intervention programs should be formulated in consideration of those influencing factors,which enable to reduce the nutritional risk and to promote the rehabilitation of inpatients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on the BCR/ABL fusion gene in leukemia K562 cell.

METHODSK562 cells were cultured in vitro. The rate of proliferation inhibition of cells treated with various concentrations of DHA were determined by using [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) method. Expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene was analyzed by reverse transcription(RT-PCR) before and after DHA treatment. Apoptosis of K562 cells was detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe growth of K562 cells was inhibited when the concentrations of DHA were 10-160 umol/L. With the added dose of DHA, the growth inhibition was remarkable, with the rate of inhibition risen from 52.76% to 94.65%. The expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene, as detected by RT-PCR after incubating the K562 cells with 20 umol/L DHA, measured as ΔCt = 4.45 ± 0.25 after 12 h and ΔCt = 5.23 ± 0.21 after 24 h, which was significantly lower compared with that of the control ( ΔCt = 4.23 ± 0.21, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDHA can inhibit the proliferation of leukemia K562 cells and facilitate the induction of apoptosis by downregulating the expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene.

Artemisinins ; pharmacology ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Genes, abl ; drug effects ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo explore the demographic characteristics and clinical features of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) in China.

METHODSBetween March 2007 and September 2010, IPAH diagnosis was confirmed by right heart catheterization in 150 adult patients from 31 clinical centers in China. Clinical and hemodynamic data were analyzed and patients were divided into WHO functional class I/II and WHO functional class III/IV group.

RESULTSThe mean age of 150 patients were 36 ± 13 years with female patient/male patient ratio of 2:1, and mean BMI was (21.3 ± 3.5) kg/m(2). Fatigue (n = 123, 82.0%) and dyspnea (n = 112, 74.7%) are the most common symptoms. Accentuated pulmonic second sound (P(2)) was detected in 92.0% (n = 138) of patients during physical examination, which was also the most common sign. About 49.0% (n = 73) patients were WHO functional class I/II patients and 46.0% (n = 68) patients were WHO functional class III/IV patients. Six minutes walking distance (6MWD) and Borg dyspnea score was (337 ± 101) m and 2.0 (2.0, 4.0), respectively. Right ventricular hypertrophy was suggested by ECG in 93.1% (n = 140) patients. Right atrial pressure was (10 ± 6) mm Hg, mean pulmonary artery pressure was (61 ± 16) mm Hg, cardiac index was (2.3 ± 0.8) L×min(-1)×m(-2) and pulmonary vascular resistance (1484 ± 699) dyn×s(-1)×cm(-5) in this cohort. 6 MWD (305 m ± 89 m vs. 377 m ± 88 m) was significantly shorter while Borg dyspnea score [3.0 (3.0, 5.0) vs. 2.0 (2.0, 3.0)] was significantly higher in WHO functional class III/IV patients than in WHO functional class I/II patients. Similarly hemodynamic parameters were also worse in WHO functional class III/IV patients than in WHO functional class I/II patients (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIdiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients in this cohort affect mostly young adults, dominated by female gender and lower body mass index. Fatigue and dyspnea are the most common symptoms and accentuated pulmonic second sound (P(2)) is the most common sign. IPAH patients are often displaying severe functional and hemodynamic disturbance at first visit to hospitals. Dyspnea and hemodynamic impairment are related to 6MWD and WHO functional class.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Function ; Young Adult