A in vitro platelet aggregation bioassay was developed for the quality control of XST capsules. The in vitro anti-platelet aggregation effect in rats was observed to detect the bioactivity of XST capsules. Panax notoginseng saponins and Xuesaitong lyophilizedpowder for injection were taken as standard control substances to determine the potency. According to the results, XST capsules showeda significant inhibitory effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro anti-platelet activity oflyophilized powder for injection was stabler than that of Panax notoginseng saponins, and so suitable to serve as a standard control substance. The biological potency of XST capsules compared with standard control substance was detected by using parallel line assay. According to the results, the established bioassay method had a good repeatability (RSD 2.92%). The sample test results could pass thereliability test(linear deviation P > 0.05, parallel deviation P > 0.05). This bioassay method could be used as one of the complementary quality control methods for XST capsules.
Animals ; Capsules ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the survival status and prognostic factors of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer.

METHODSThe survival rate and prognostic factors of 112 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer, who had complete follow-up data, were retrospectively assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate regression analysis.

RESULTSThe median survival time of the 112 patients was 18.25 months. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 60.8%, 35.0%, 20.3% and 4.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated that gender, age, primary tumor site, chemotherapy and pathological types had no significant correlation with the overall survival. But the treatment of primary tumor, time of liver metastasis, gross type of tumor, resection of liver metastases and clinical stage status were all independently related with the prognosis of patients. Multivariate regression analysis showed that resection of liver metastases, gross type of tumor and clinical stage were key factors affecting the prognosis of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer.

CONCLUSIONPatients with advanced stage, infiltrative gross type of colorectal cancer should be followed-up closely so that liver metastases from the cancer can be diagnosed and treated early. Resection of both the primary tumor and liver metastasis may improve survival of the patients.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the principle of management of colorectal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN) based on colonoscopic biopsy.

METHODSPatients diagnosed as colorectal HGIN based on colonoscopic biopsy in the Changhai Hospital from January 2002 to December 2009 were enrolled in the study. The clinical data of all the patients were collected and analyzed. According to the subsequent operation, cases were divided into local complete resection group and radical operation group. The discrepancy between the biopsy diagnosis and postoperative diagnosis was investigated.

RESULTSOf the 203 biopsy-based colorectal HGIN lesions, 156 underwent radical resection, while 47 received local complete resection. Univariate analyses indicated that tumors located in colon(P=0.02), tumors with sessile growth (P=0.00) and large tumors (P=0.00) were more likely to be treated with radical resection. Postoperative diagnosis revealed that 163 cases(80.3%) were invasive cancers, while the other 40 cases(19.7%) were HGIN lesions. Of the 156 cases resected radically, 140 cases were invasive cancers, 16 cases were diagnosed as HGIN. Of the 47 cases who underwent local complete resection, 24 cases were confirmed as HGIN but the other 23 cases were invasive cancers, in which 15 cases received subsequent radical operation.

CONCLUSIONSA large proportion of biopsy-proven colorectal HGIN lesions are invasive cancers. Therefore, local resection should be performed to confirm diagnosis. For highly suspected malignant tumors which can not be removed completely by local resection, if anus can be reserved, a radical transabdominal surgery is recommended even without biopsy-proven malignancy in order to avoid treatment delay.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

To understand Lophatherum gracile plant community's structural characteristics, a survey of community structure and species diversity was conducted through quadrat sampling in Yongchuan district of Chongqing. The results showed that there were 386 species vascular plants, belonging to 117 families and 229 genera. Based on habitat, community structure and species composition, L. gracile were found in three community types: Pinus massoniana community, banboo community, shurb community. Vertical structure was composed of three layers, including tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer. Species in shrub layer was the richness. P. massoniana is the only dominant species of the community, it can not regenerate naturally, the shrub layer has a greater effect on the community of L. gracile in the future. In addition, the banboo community and shurb community is not stable because of human's activity. Therefore, the community characters of L. gracile should be taken care of conservation when the resources are utilized.
China ; Ecosystem ; Pinus ; physiology ; Plants ; Poaceae ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of gastro-pulmonary infection route in the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), so as to improve the management of VAP.

METHODSForty-three patients who received mechanical ventilation (MV) were enrolled in the study. Intra-gastric contents were labeled with (99)mTc-DTPA. Randomized two-period crossover trial was employed to determine the radioactive level in the oropharyngeal and bronchial secretion when patients were in supine or semi-reclining position. Gastric juice, oropharyngeal secretion and tracheal lavage fluid were collected for bacterial culture every other day. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was harvested from those suspected of VAP for quantitative bacterial culture. Infrequent-restriction site amplification (IRS-PCR) was employed in the identification of the identity of the bacteria from intra-gastric colonization with those causing VAP. The sIgA content in the BALF was determined.

RESULTSThe gastroesophageal regurgitation rate was higher (89.7%) with lower aspiration rate (28.5%) in patients receiving MV. Moreover, the aspiration rate and the radioactivity of deep tracheal aspirates in patients in supine position were significantly higher than those in semi-reclining position (P < 0.01). There was high homology of the bacteria isolated from intra-gastric colonization with that causing VAP (55.8%). The sIgA content in BALF in VAP patients was evidently lower than that in non-VAP patients (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONRegurgitation and aspiration of stomach contents are very common in patients receiving MV. Intra-gastric colonized bacteria might be one of the important origins causing VAP. The lowering of sIgA in BALF in patients with MV could be a risk factor for VAP.

Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; microbiology ; Cross-Over Studies ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; etiology ; Posture ; Prospective Studies ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Respiration, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; etiology ; Stomach Diseases ; etiology ; Supine Position ; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate

A 34-year-old man admitted to our department with complex blunt pancreaticoduodenal injury after a car accident. The wall of the first, second, and third portions of the duodenum was extensively lacerated, and the pancreas was longitudinally transected along the superior mesenteric vein-portal vein trunk. The pancreatic head and the uncinate process were devitalized and the distal common bile duct and the proximal main pancreatic duct were completely detached from the Vater ampulla. The length of the stump of distal common bile located at the cut surface of remnant pancreas was approximately 0.6 cm. A simplified Kausch-Whipple's procedure was performed after debridement of the devitalized pancreatic head and resection of the damaged duodenum in which the stump of distal common bile duct and the pancreatic remnant were embedded into the jejunal loop. Postoperative wound abscess appeared that eventually recovered by conservative treatment. During 16 months follow-up the patient has been stable and healthy. A simplified pancreaticoduodenectomy is a safe alternative for the Whipple procedure in managing complex pancreaticoduodenal injury in a hemodynamically stable patient.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Duodenum ; injuries ; Humans ; Male ; Pancreas ; injuries ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; methods ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate genetic polymorphism of six short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D3S1358,D16S539, TH01,TPOX, CSF1PO,D7S820) in Zhejiang She ethnic population and Han population.

METHODSBy use of AmpFlSTR Cofiler kit, 6 STR loci in 108 She samples and 102 Han samples were amplified. The PCR products were electrophoresed by ABI Prism 377 sequencer; the data were analyzed by Genescan software.

RESULTSAll genotype frequencies of the 6 STR loci in She and Han ethnic groups met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In the She population, the heterozygosities (H) in D3S1358,D16S539,TH01,TPOX, CSF1PO and D7S820 were 0.8028, 0.9148, 0.7522, 0.6728, 0.9123,0.8338, the exclusion of paternity(EP) were 0.4067, 0.6057, 0.4437, 0.3200, 0.5250, 0.5358, discrimination power (DP) were 0.6690, 0.7841, 0.6447, 0.5382, 0.7298, 0.7296.The combined DP, PE and polymorphism information content were 0.9991,0.9805,0.9988 respectively. There were significant differences at D3S1358, D16S539 and TPOX loci, compared with Hans.

CONCLUSIONShe population has its own STR allele distribution characteristic. The above data obtained from She population can be used not only in genetic researches and population investigation, but also in human identity and paternity testing.

China ; ethnology ; Ethnic Groups ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; genetics

The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of chemokine CCL20 in development of CD4(+)CD25(+) thymocytes by means of fetal thymus organ culture. Fetal mouse thymus lobes were removed at the fetus age of 14.5 days and cultured in complete RPMI 1640 with 20% FBS in vitro. Phenotypes of the thymocytes were analyzed by FACS and the number of cells per lobe was counted. The results revealed that from day 14.5 to day 19, the absolute and relative numbers of the CD4(+)CD25(+) thymocytes varied similarly as their development as in vitro culture at 6 days. Data showed that during the 6 days in vitro culture the CD4(+)CD25(+) cell percentage out of CD4(+) cells was 58.29%, 12.14%, 6.08%, 17.78%, 9.06%, 4.04% and the CD4(+)CD25(+) cell percentage out of CD25(+) cells was 3.75%, 10.81%, 17.20%, 51.93%, 61.64%, 80.06%. All these data indicated similar characters to their development in vivo. Moreover, at interference with CCL20, the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in thymocytes significantly decreased at the 3 and 6 days from 3.24+/-0.18 and 3.96+/-0.24 to 1.27+/-0.11 (p<0.001) and 1.76+/-0.22 (p<0.001) respectively. It is concluded that the development of CD4(+)CD25(+) thymocytes is similar both in vitro and in vivo, interfering with CCL20 significantly downregulate the expression of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. The above data may help to understand the development of naturally arising CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells.
Animals ; Chemokine CCL20 ; pharmacology ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Organ Culture Techniques ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; cytology ; drug effects ; Thymus Gland ; cytology ; embryology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the h4 allele (C35T) frequency of alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase gene in Chinese population.

METHODSThe polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for identifying C35T variant was established by using PCR to amplify a 125 bp FUT1 gene fragment, including C35T variant sequence, and the PCR product was digested by Hae III restriction enzyme. One hundred and fifty-eight random samples from Chinese blood donor were screened by PCR-RFLP.

RESULTSAmong 158 Chinese individuals with normal ABO and H blood group phenotypes, 8 and 83 were homozygous with 35T/T and 35C/C, respectively, while 67 were heterozygous with 35C/T. The allele frequencies were compatible with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

CONCLUSIONThe C35T substitution of FUT1 gene is not a mutation which gives rise to a non-functional h allele responsible for para-Bombay phenotype but a single nucleotide polymorphism in Chinese population.

ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Alleles ; Female ; Fucosyltransferases ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

OBJECTIVETo explore appropriate methods for the research of the theory of Chinese medicine nature property and find the relationship between Nature-Family-Component of Chinese herbs.

METHODSFrom perspective of systems biology, we used Associate Network to identify useful relationships among "Nature-Family-Component" of Herbs. In this work, Associate Network combines association rules mining method and network construction method to evaluate the complicate relationship among "Nature-Family-Component" of herbs screened.

RESULTSThe results of association rules mining showed that the families had a close relationship with nature properties of herbs. For example, the families of Magnoliaceae, Araceae had a close relationship with hot nature with confidence of 100%, the families of Cucurbitaceae has a close relationship to cold nature with confidence of 90.91%. Moreover, the results of constructed Associate Network implied that herbs belonging to the same families generally had the same natures. In addition, some herbs belonging to different families may also have same natures when they contain the same main components.

CONCLUSIONThese results implied that the main components of herbs might affect their natures; the relationships between families and natures were based on the main compounds of herbs.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification